1 
1. The twenty-first charac- 
ter and fifth vowel-sign in 
the English alphabet. The 
Fhenician alphabet, from which 
ours comes ultimately (sec under 
A), had no such sign, '"it <M<i '<l 
with T. A sign for the u-sound 
(that IB, for oo, or 6, as It is repre- 
sented in the respellings of this 
dictionary) was added by the 
Greeks when they adapted the 
Phenician signs to their own use, and wus written in- 
differently V or Y; but the latter dually established 
ii-t-ir as the accepted form in Greek usage, while the 
former became customary in the derived Italian alpha- 
bets; so that, considerably later, the Romans were able 
to import Y as a separate and foreign character, to rep- 
resent the foreign Greek sound U ( = French , German u 
or "o, into which the Greek a had meanwhile become to 
a great extent altered in pronunciation. The V watt also 
commonly written with its angle rounded, as U ; and I ' 
and U were for a long time merely different forms of the 
same sign (like / and J) : it is only recently that they have 
come to be always distinctly held apart, and have different 
values given them. As If also is a doubled U or V, it ap- 
pears that our four letters U, V, W, and Y all come from 
a single sign added by the Greeks at the end of the Phenl- 
cian system. The sound originally and properly repre- 
sented by the character, and still belonging to it In most 
languages outside of English, is the oo or o sound, as in 
mood, mow, rule, and the like, the closest of the labial 
vowels, or rounded vowels, as they are often called (see 
under 0) ; but this value the letter has in English only In 
exceptional cases. Whatwecall " long u," namely, is this 
same sound with the semivowel y prefixed, as yoo G/o); 
and what we call "short " Is the more open of the two 
shades of neutral vowel-sound. The digraphs ue, eu, and 
e-w also have, as long, the j/6-value in the same manner 
and degree. The ^-element in the sound, namely, Is not 
always alike full and undeniable, but varies somewhat, 
according to the difficulty of slipping it in after a preced- 
ing consonant. After a guttural (*, q) or a labial (p, b, in, 
/, X as when initial, the utterance Is completely yo ; but 
after the tongue-tip letters (I, d, n, tk, , z, ', r) the inser- 
tion of .'/ involves a more difficult combination of move- 
ments of the tongue, and the element is apt to be slighted, 
being reduced rather to a bit of I; and in the practice of 
many speakers, and in certain localities, it is even omitted 
altogether, so that the yo becomes simple o, new being 
pronounced noo, lurid loorid, and so on. The difficulty 
iu the way of inserting the >/ however, is removed if the 
preceding syllable has the accent ; and hence even those 
who pronounce pe no'rious say pen'ury, and so In all other 
like cases. This omission of the (/-element is not ap- 
proved, but is stigmatized as provincial or vulgar, al- 
though practised by many educated and careful speakers, 
and probably becoming more prevalent. It is more gen- 
erally condoned, and even accepted, after I than after f, d, 
n, etc., and some standard authorities in England itself 
now pronounce and teach lo Instead of III ; in this dic- 
tionary the u is so marked if it occurs after I preceded by 
another consonant, as in fluid (JK-id). After r, the diffi- 
culty of adding the i/-s<mml before a vowel is greater than 
after any other tongue-tip consonant ; hence In this situa- 
tion the pronunciation of "long u " as o is almost univer- 
sally accepted and practised. Further, after '. d, s, z, " long 
" becomes 6 when the |/-element is as it were absorbed 
into them, converting them (see the different letters) into 
ch,}, h, and zh; nor is the y-element heard when il fol- 
lows any of these sounds having an independent origin, 
as in jury, etc. The real short w-sound, or that corre- 
sponding to d as long, is In a limited number of words also 
represented by u, as in bull, put, etc. ; also by double o, as 
in look, foot, etc. What we call "short u " Is in the great 
majority of cases written with , but also with o, as In on, 
with oo, as in blood, and with ou, as in young, and in the 
slighted pronunciation of unaccented syllables with almost 
any vowel. Cases like bury and bitty and buy are anoma- 
lous and isolated. A u is always written after q, and this 
u (save in the exceptional cases in which it is silent) has 
a consonantal value, being pronounced as the semivowel 
u>; and it is so treated sometimes also after other conso- 
nanU, especially i, as in mart, pertuade, nn.'/nwA. U Is 
silent in many words after g, having only (as in French) 
the office of preserving the hard sound of theo*; thus, 
guide, plague. Like i and y, u is never doubled. 
2. As a symbol: (a) The chemical symbol of 
uranium, (b) In quaternions, an operational 
sign which, prefixed to the symbol of a quater- 
nion, denotes the vorsor of that quaternion, 
(c) In the theory of heat, a symbol used to de- 
note the energy, or the sum of the increment 
of heat and the heat consumed, (d) [I. c.] In 
the calculus, the symbol of a function, (e) [I. c.] 
In hydrodynamics, used with t' and w to denote 
the rectangular components of the velocity, 
uakari, . Smnc as */'. 
Ubbenite (ub'e-mt), . [< llbc (Cbbcn-) (see 
def.) -I- -/te 2 .] One of a German sect of mod- 
erate Anabaptists, founded in 1534 by one Ubbe 
Phillips. The Ubbenitcs rejected the doctrine of di- 
vorce, and differed from the rest of the Anabaptists by 
denying that the kingdom of Christ is an earthly kingdom, 
in which t he righteousare to exterminate the wicked. (AY- 
declrtr, In Sohalf-Herzog's Relig. Encyc.) Also Ubbanite. 
ubeity (u-be'i-ti), n. [< ML. ubeita(t-)s, ubeity, 
< L. ubi, where.] The state of being in a defi- 
nite place; whereness; ubiety. 
uberous (u'be-rus), a. [< ML. uberosux, fruit- 
ful, < L. iiber" fruitful, fertile; cf. uber, udder, 
teat, = E. udder: see udder.] Yielding largely 
or copiously ; fruitful ; productive ; prolific. 
About the fruitful flanks of uberout Kent, 
A fat and olive soil. 
Middleton (ami another), Mayor of Queenborough, il. S. 
liberty (u'ber-ti), n. [< ME. ubertec, < OF. 
'uberte = Pg. uberdade = It. uberta, < L. ubcr- 
ta(t-)a, abundance, fruitfulness, < uber, fruitful : 
seou&rroiw.] Fertility; productiveness; fruit- 
fulness; abundant yield. 
And take not hem [vines] that here a grape or two, 
But hem that kneeleth down for ubertee. 
Palladia*, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 64. 
ubication (u-bi-ka'shpn), . [= Sp. ubicaciftn 
= Pg. ubicaySo, < L. uti, where (prob. for *cubi, 
"quobi, < qtii, who, quid, what, + -hi, a locative 
suffix).] 1. Situation; position; local rela- 
tion J place of rest or lodgment. [Rare.] 2. 
Ubeity; whereness. 
Among other solutions, he suggests that the board affects 
the upper weight, which it does not touch, by determining 
its ubication or whereness. WheuxU. 
ubiety (u-bi'e-ti), n. [< NL. ubieta(t-)s (repla- 
cing the medieval ubeita( <-)#), ubiety, < L. ubi, 
where.] 1. The state of being in a definite 
place ; ubeity. Ubiety is generally said to be either 
repletive, circumscriptive, or definitive ; but these terms 
are taken in different senses by different authors. Ac- 
cording to the best usage, repletire ubiety Is that of a body 
which excludes other bodies from its place by its absolute 
impenetrability ; circuiiiscriptive ubiety is that of any ex- 
tended image which is in a place part by part without ex- 
cluding other objects ; definitive ubiety Is connection with 
a portion of space, all in every part, and not part by part. 
Ubiety. Local relation ; whereness. Johnson. 
If my irlit- ft/ did not so nearly resemble ubiquity, that 
in Any whereness and Every whereness I know where I am. 
Southey, The Doctor, cxcil. (Dauiet.) 
2. Ubiquity; omnipresence, 
ubiquarian (u-bi-kwa'ri-an), a. and n. [< L. 
iibique, everywhere (see ubiquity), + -an'ow.] 
I. a. Existing everywhere ; ubiquitary ; ubiqui- 
tous. [Kare.] 
Have ye, ye sage Intendants of the whole, 
A ubiquarian presence and control ? 
Covper, Tirocinium, 1. 266. 
II. n. [cap.] Same as Vbiquitarian, 2. 
ubiquist (u'bi-kwist), . [= F. ubiquiste = Sp. 
Pg. ubiquista, < L. ubique, everywhere, + -ist.] 
Same as ubiquitarian. 
ubiquitairt (u-bik-wi-tar'), . [< F. ubiquitaire: 
see ubiqiiitary.] Ubiquitary. Hotcell, Letters, 
I. vi. 13. 
ubiquitarian (ii-bik-wi-ta'ri-an), n. and a. [< 
ubiquitary + -an.] I. n. 1" One who exists 
everywhere. Bailey, 1727. 2. [cap.] One who 
holds to the omnipresence of the bodv of Christ. 
The name of Ubiquitarian* is commonly given to those 
among the Lutherans who held the doctrine of the ubi- 
quity of Christ's body, maintaining it as an explanation 
of the real presence of his body in the eu char 1st. Then- 
opponents regarded this view as denying a special sacra- 
mental presence and as confounding the two natures of 
Christ. For the latter reason the name is sometimes given 
to the Monophysites. Also Ubiquarian, Ubiquitist. 
II. a. 1. Omnipresent; existing everywhere. 
2. [cap.] Belonging or pertaining to (lit- 
Ubiquitarians : as, Ubiquitarian doctrines or 
arguments. 
Ubiquitarianism (u-bik-wi-ta'ri-an-izm), n. [< 
I'biquitarian + -ism.'] The doctrines of the 
Ubiquitarians. Schaff, Christ and Christianity, 
p. 7.">. 
ubiquitariness (u-bik' wi-ta-ri-nes), . The 
M:iti- of being ubiquitary : existence every- 
where, fuller, Ch. Hist., X. i. $ 31. 
8S87 
ubiquitary (u-bik'wi-ta-ri), a. and . [= F. 
Hhii/Hituirc = Sp. ubicuiliirio = Pg. ubiquitaria, 
n. ; as iibiquil-y + -ary.] I. a. Being every- 
where or in all places; ubiquitous. 
She can conjure. 
And I am her ubiquitary spirit. 
Mauinyrr, Emperor of the East, L 2. 
The ubiquitary and omnipresent essence of God. 
Sir T. Browne, Rellglo Medici, L 85. 
II. . ; pi. ubiquitaries (-riz). 1. One who is 
or exists everywhere. 
There Is a nymph too of a most curious and elaborate 
strain, light, all motion, an uliiquitary, she Is everywhere. 
B. Jonton, Cynthia's Revels, IL 1. 
2. [cap.] A Ubiquitarian. 
God Is so omnipresent as that the Ubiquitary will needs 
have the body of God everywhere. Donne, Sermons, vll. 
ITbiquitism(u-bik'wi-tizm), n. [< ubiquit-y + 
-ism.] The doctrines of the Ubiquitarians. 
Ubiquitist (u-bik' wi-tist), n. [< ubiqtiit-y + 
-M/) Same as Ubiquitarian, 2. 
ubiquitous (t'l-bik'wi-tus), a. [< ubiquit-y + 
-ous.] Being or existing every where; actually 
or apparently omnipresent : often used in an 
exaggerated or humorous sense. 
Whoever travelled from Brussels to Madrid in order to 
escape the influence of the ubiquitous Cardinal was sure 
to be confronted with him In the inmost recesses of the 
King's cabinet as soon as he was admitted to an audience. 
Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 423. 
ubiquitously (u-bik' wi-tus-li), adv. In a ubi- 
quitous manner; in a manner involving real 
or apparent omnipresence. 
ubiquitousness (ii-bik'wi-tus-nes), n. The 
ubirnte, everywhere, < ubi, where: see ubication.] 
1. Omnipresence, or a capacity of being in an 
indefinite number of places at the same time, 
not strictly amounting to omnipresence : as, 
the ubiquity of Christ's body; the ubiquity of 
the king (see below). 
This is the consolation of all good men, unto whom his 
ubiquity aflordeth continual comfort and security. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., L 2. 
2. The doctrines or beliefs of the Ubiquitarians. 
No one sequel urged by the apostles against the Gala- 
tlans, for joining circumcision with Christ, but may be as 
well enforced against the Lutherans holding ubiquity. 
I. Walton, Hooker. 
3f. Locality; neighborhood; whereabouts. 
Pern she bight, 
A solemn wight 
As you should meet 
In any street 
In that ubiquity. 
B. Jonton, Love's Welcome at Welbeck. 
Ubiquity of the king, in fair. See the quotation. 
A consequence of this prerogative is the legal ubiquity 
of the Icing. His majesty, in the eye of the law, is always 
present in all his courts, though he cannot personally dis- 
tribute justice. His judges are the mirrors by which the 
king's image is reflected. It Is the regal office, and not 
the royal person, that Is always present In court, always 
ready to undertake prosecutions, or pronounce judgment, 
for the benefit and protection of the subject And from 
this ubiquity it follows that the king can never be non- 
suit ; for a nonsuit is the desertion of a suit or action by 
the non-appearance of the plaintiff in court. For the same 
reason, also, in the forms of legal proceedings, the king is 
not said to appear by his attorney, as other men do ; for 
in contemplation of law he is always present In court. 
Bladatone, Com., I. vli. 
ubi supra (u'bi su'prft). [L. : ubi, where; su- 
pra, above: see supra-.] In the place above 
mentioned : marking reference to some passage 
or page before named. 
U-bolt (u'bolt), H. A bar of iron bent into the 
form of the letter U, fitted with a screw and 
nut at each end. It is used in car-building 
to form carriers and supports for brake-rods, 
chains, and other connections. 
U. C. A" abbreviation of Italian una corda, on 
one string. 
Uchatius process. See process. 
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