Ulula 
A genus of hoot-owls. It has been variously 
applied, but is now usually regarded as a syn- 
onym of Sijrnium. Compare ullet. See cut un- 
der hawk-oicl. 2. A genus of neuropterous in- 
sects, litimbtir, 1842. 
ululant (ul'u-lant), a. [< L. ulula(t-)s, ppr. 
of ulu hire, howl', yell: see ululate.] Ululating; 
howling; hooting or screeching, as an owl. 
ululate (ul'u-lat), ('. . ; pret. and pp. ululated, 
ppr. ululalinf/. [X L. ululatiis, pp. of ululare 
(> It. ululare, viola-re = Sp. Pg. iilular), howl, 
screech: see owl.'] 1. To howl, as a dog or a 
wolf. Sir T. Herbert, Travels, p. 113. 2. To 
hoot or screech, as an owl. 
ululation (ul-u-la'shon), . [< L. ululatio(n-), a 
howling, a wailing, < ululare, howl : see ululate.'] 
A howling, as of the wolf or dog; a wailing. 
It a temporal loss fall on us, we entertain It with ulula- 
tiom and tears. Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 415. (Danes.) 
There sighs, complaints, and uhilatioiw loud 
Resounded through the air. 
Longfellow, tr. of Dante's Inferno, lit. 22. 
Ululinae (u-lu-li'ne), . pi [NL., < riula + 
-iiiae.] A subfamily of Strigidae, containing 
owls of the genus Ulxla and some others. 
Ulva (ul'va), n. [NL., < L. ulna, sedge.] A 
genus of algse, typical of the order I'tvaeese, 
having a flat membranaceous bright-green 
frond. U. latlssima and l\ Lactuca are some- 
times eaten. See green larer (under farm- 2 ), sea- 
lettuce (under lettuce), and Enteromorplia. 
Ulvaceae (ul-va'se-e), n. pi. [NL., < Ulra + 
-acese.~] A small 'order of fresh- or brackish- 
water algse of uncertain systematic position, 
but usually placed with the Floridex. They have 
a flat or tubular frond of a bright-green color, composed 
of either one or two layers of cells. Propagation is by 
means of zob'gonidia. 
ulvaceous (ul-va'shius), o. In bot., resembling 
or belonging to Viva or the Ulvacese. 
ulwan (ul'wan), n. [E. Ind.] Plain cloth of 
the shawl-wool of cashmere, such as is seen in 
the plain center of embroidered India shawls. 
ulyie, Ulzie (ul'ye), .. Scotch forms of oil. 
Scott, Pirate, xvii. 
um-. [< ME. um-, umbe-, embe-, < AS. ymb-, ymbe-, 
embe-, prefix, ymbe, ymb, prep., around, about, = 
OS. umbi = OFries. um = D. om- = MLG. - 
= OHG. umbi, umpi, umbe, MHG. umbe, G. um = 
Icel. umb, um = Sw. Dan. om, around, about, 
= L. ambi- = Gr. a/i<j>i- = Skt. abhi, against, 
about, also used as a prefix : see ambi-, ampin-, 
etc. This prefix exists, unrecognized, in ember% 
as used in comp. ember-days: see embcr%.~\ A 
prefix of Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian origin, 
meaning 'around, about,' cognate with ambi- 
and antphi-. It was formerly common, but is 
now wholly obsolete, except in a few Scotch 
words. 
umbart, . Same as umber 1 , 4. 
urnbe, prep. [ME., also embe, < AS. ymbe, ymb, 
around, about: see urn-.] Around: about; 
after. [Obsolete except in dialectal use in 
composition.] 
To speke so embe nost. 
Early English Poems and Lives nf Saints (ed. Furnivall), 
[xix. 164. 
[Theyl hade meruell full mekull of that mayne place, 
Of the walk's that wroght were wondurly faire, 
With high toures full ton-it all the toun rnnbe.. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.X 1. 4956. 
umbecast (um'be-kast), . ;'. To cast about; 
make a circuit. 
The hound came fast after, and umbecast about, for she 
had lost the perfect fewt of the hind. 
Sir T. Malory, Morte d'Arthur, III. cxxiv. 
umbel (um'bel), n. [= P. ombclle = Sp. um- 
bela = Pg. It. nmbella, < NL. umbella, an umbel, < 
L. umbella, a sunshade, parasol, umbrella, dim. 
of umbra, a shade, shadow : see umbra."] 1. An 
inflorescence consisting of a number of flower- 
stalks or pedicels, nearly equal in length, 
spreading from a common center, their sum- 
mits forming a level, convex, or even globose 
surface, more rarely a concave one, as in the 
carrot. See cuts under inflorescence, Thapsia, 
and (EnantJie.2. In zool., an umbelliform tuft, 
cluster, or group of parts, as of polypites borne 
upon a polypidom. See cut under Umbellularia. 
Compound, simple umbel. See the adjectives. 
Universal umbel, in hot., a primary or general umbel 
the first or largest set of rays in a compound umbel : op- 
posed to partial umbel. A universal involucre is not in- 
frequently placed at the foot of a universal umbel 
umbella (um-bel'a), )i. ; pi. umbeUa (-*,). [NL. : 
see umbel.'] In bot.. an umbel. 
umbellal(um'be-lal),a. [< umbella + -al,] In 
bot. and zool., same as umbellate; specifically, 
in bot., of or pertaining to the cohort I'mbel- 
6572 
Umbellales (um-be-la'lez), ti.pl. [NIj. (Lind- 
ley, 1833), < umbella, urnbel: see umbel.'] A co- 
hort of polypetalous plants, of the series Cttlyci- 
Jlnne. It is characterized by an inferior ovary, crowned 
with a disk with distinct or partly divided styles, and 
with the ovules solitary and pendulous in their cells. It 
includes the a orders Umbflliferte, Araliacefe, and Corna- 
cefe, the parsley, ginseng, and dogwood families. 
umbellar (um'be-lar), a. [< umbella + -r/r 3 .] 
In bot. and goal., same as umbellate. 
umbellate (um'be-lat), . [= It. umbellato, < 
NL. * umbellatus, < umbella, umbel: see umbel.} 
1. In bot., bearing umbels; arranged in um- 
bels; umbel-like: as, umbellate plants, flowers, 
or clusters. 2. In zool., having an umbel, as 
a polyp; umbelliferous; having the shape of 
an umbel ; umbelliform. 
umbellated (um'be-la-ted), a. [< umbelltiti- + 
-etZ 2 .] In bot. and eob'l., same as umbellate. 
umbellately (mn'be-lat-li), aclr. In an urn- 
bellate manner. De Bary, Fungi (trans.), 
p. 153. 
umbellet (um'be-let), n. [< umbel, umbella, + 
-et.} A little or partial umbel ; an umbel formed 
at the end of one of the primary rays of a com- 
pound umbel; an umbellule. See cut under 
Osmorrjii:a. 
umbellifer (um-bel'i-fer), n. [< NL. umbellifer: 
see umbelliferous."] In bot.. a plant of the or- 
der Umbelliferse. 
Umbellifer'ae (um-be-lif 'e-re), u.pl. [NL. (A. L. 
do Jussieu, 1789), fern. pi. (sc. L. plantee, plants) 
of umbellifer : see umbelliferous.] An order of 
plants, of the cohort Umbellalex, known as the 
parsley family, it is distinguished by a two-celled 
ovary forming in fruit a cremocarp consisting commonly 
of two dry one-celled and one-seeded mericarps or achenes, 
separating from each other at maturity, and hanging from 
the top of a slender axis or carpophore. It Includes about 
179 genera with about 1,400 species, classed in 9 tribes, 
of which Hydrocotyle, Mulinum, Sanicula, Echinnphnra, 
Ammi, Seseli, Peucedanum, Caucalis,&nd Laserpitium are 
the types. They are natives chiefly of north temperate 
regions, especially numerous in Europe and Asia, reach- 
ing the arctic zone and mountains within the tropics, also 
numerous in the temperate parts of South America, South 
Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Host of the species 
are herbs with dissected alternate leaves of many ternate 
or pinnate leaflets, the petiole commonly dilated into a 
sheathing base. The flowers are small, usually white or 
yellow, and borne in simple or compound umbels, gener- 
ally furnished with a row of narrow bracts forming an 
involucre or involucel. Each flower consists commonly 
of five small imbricated petals, as many stamens inflexed 
in the bud, and an ovary crowned with an epigynous two- 
lobed disk which rises into two conical stylopodia, each 
tipped with a distinct filiform style. The fruit is com- 
monly traversed by canals (oil-tubes or mttse) filled with 
a liquid or gummy oil of a highly penetrating and char- 
acteristic odor. The genera resemble one another closely, 
and are distinguished mainly by the ridges, the oil-tubes, 
and the commissure or inner face of the fruit ; each carpel 
bears five primary ridges (juga), and frequently also five 
intermediate secondary ones, the channels (mlleculie) be- 
tween them often containing oil-tubes. Many are pro- 
terogynous, or mature their pistils earlier than the sta- 
mens, thus securing cross-fertilization. The order is one 
of strongly marked properties ; many umbelliferous plants 
contain a poisonous, acrid, watery liquid, especially the 
hemlock (see also Conium, Cicuta, QSnanthe, and jEthusa). 
Many species yield stimulating gum-resins, as asafetida, 
asadulcis, galbanum, opopanax, and gum ammoniacum 
(see also Ferula, Thapsia, and Laserpitium). Others con- 
tain a carminative aromatic oil, and furnish condiments, 
as anise, dill, caraway, coriander, and cumin. From an- 
other group these principles are nearly absent, and the 
stem or leaf becomes edible, as parsley, celery, and sam- 
phire, or the root, as the carrot, parsnip, and skirret. 
Others are of great medicinal repute, as fennel and spe- 
cies of Erynyium and Archangelica. The order is re- 
markable for its little resemblance or close relationship 
to any other except the Araliaceas, which are, however, 
readily distinguished by their usually fleshy fruit, often 
of more than two carpels. Perhaps no other order is so 
free from variation or from exceptional forms, although 
In a few genera the characteristic habit is greatly dis- 
guised as in Eryngimn, where the umbels are replaced 
by compact heads; Hydrocotyle, with roundish undivided 
leaves ; and Xanthosia, with broad and showy white invo- 
lucres. 
umbelliferous (um-be-lif 'e-rus), a. [< NL. um- 
bellifer, bearing an umbel, < umbella, umbel, + 
L. ferre = E. feeoj-l.] In bot., bearing an umbel 
or umbels ; of or pertaining to the Umbelliferx : 
as, an umbelliferous genus. 
umbelliform '(um-bel'i-form), a. [< NL. um- 
bella, umbel, + L. forma, form.] Forming an 
umbel, or having its form. 
Umbellularia (um-bel-u-la'ri-a), n. [NL. 
(Xees, 1836), from the umbellate flowers: < um- 
bellate, a little umbel: see umbellule.~\ 1. A 
genus of apetalous trees, of the order Lauriiies? 
and tribe Litseacese. It is distinguished from Litsea 
(the type) by extrorse anthers in the fourth row, and forms, 
in its stamens, a connecting-link to the other chief tribe, 
Perseaceee. The principal species, U. Calif arnica, the spice- 
tree (which see), mountain-laurel, or California!! bay-tree, 
is a tall smooth Californian tree, reduced southward and 
in the mountains to a small shrub. It bears alternate 
veiny and odorous evergreen leaves, ami numerous short- 
pedicelled yellowish-green flowers, each umbel at first in- 
nbeltularia 
dim. 
umberer 
eluded in a caducous globose involucre, and followed by 
one or two roundish dark-purple drupes. A second spe- 
cies occurs in 
Mexico. 
2. In zool., a 
genus of deep- 
sea alcyona- 
riiin polyps, 
having the po- 
lypites clus- 
tered in an um- 
bel on top of 
the polypidom, 
and a long 
slender stalk 
somewhat bul- 
bous at the 
base, as in 
V. encrinus or 
U.grcenlandiea. 
/.iniiarek, 1801. 
umbellulate (um-bel'u-lat), . [< 
NL. "timbellidi/tiifi, < *i(nibellii/n, an 
umbellule: see umbellule.} In 
hot., provided with or arranged in 
umbellules or urabellets. 
umbellule (um-bel'iil), . [< NL. "iimbellitla, 
dim. of iimbelhi, umbel: see umbel.'] A partial 
umbel ; an umbellet. See umbel. 
umber 1 (um'ber), . [Also umbre, formerly also 
omber (def. 2); < ME. umber, < OF. (and F.) 
ombre, shade, shadow, umber (fish), = Sp. um- 
bra, umbla, umber (fish), = It. umbra, shade, < 
L. umbra, shade, shadow, a fish so called : see 
umbra.'] 1. Shade. 
Or floures sweete of vyne or other tree 
In umber dried may reserved be. 
Palladiits, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. IDs. 
2. A fish, the grayling. See Thymalhis. 
Salvian takes him [the grayling) to be called f/mierfrom 
his swift swimming, or gliding out of sight more like a 
shadow or a ghost than a fish. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 121. 
3. The umber-bird. 4f. Same as timbrel, 3. 
umber 2 (um'ber), n. and a. [Formerly also 
umbre, ombre, oumber; < F. ombre (= It. om- 
bra), umber (short for terre (f ombre) (= It. terra 
<li ombra = Pg. terra de ombria), umber, lit. 
'shade-earth' (cf. Sp. sombra de Venecia, Ve- 
netian umber; tierra de sombras, umbra), < 
L. umbra, shade, shadow: see umber 1 .'] I. H. 
A natural pigment somewhat resembling an 
ocher, but darker and browner, due to the pres- 
ence of oxid of manganese. It probably originally 
came from Umbria in Italy, but now the best varieties 
come from Cyprus. The natural earth is called raw um- 
ber. When it is heated to almost a red heat in a fur- 
nace, the brown hydrated oxid of iron is changed into 
the red oxid of iron, and the pigment becomes redder and 
deeper in color, and is called burnt umber. Both these 
umbers are very important colors, both for artists and in 
house-painting. They are permanent, pure in tone, and 
of great service in making various tints. 
Ill put myself in poor and mean attire, 
And with a kind of umber smirch my face. 
S/ialc., As you Like it, i. 3. 114. 
These figures are (at least) as big as the life ; they are 
donne only with umber and shell gold, and the shadowed 
umbre, as in the pictures of the gods on the dores of Veru- 
lam-house. Aubrey, Lives, Francis Bacon. 
Burnt umber. See def. Raw umber, a highly chro- 
matic but very dark yellow color, like that of the pigment 
so called. Owing to the small luminosity, it appears green- 
ish, or tending slightly toward olive ; but under high il- 
lumination it is seen to incline a little toward orange. 
Its luminosity is about one fourth that of bright chrome- 
yellow. 
II. n. Of a brown color; dark; dusky. 
The umber shade 
That hides the blush of waking day. 
J. S. Drake, Culprit Fay, xxxii. 
umber 2 (um'ber), v. t. [< umbei, .] To color 
with umber, or as with umber; shade or darken. 
Red-ochre rascals umbered with soot and bacon as the 
English gipsies are. Middleton, Spanish Gypsy, ii. 1. 
Thy dark cloud, with umber'd lower, 
That hung o'er cliff, and lake, and tower. 
Scott, Mannion, v., Int. 
I thought the umbered meerschaum was dearly bought 
at the cost of a brain enfeebled and a will enslaved. 
0. W. Holmes, Autocrat, v. 
umber-bird (um'ber-berd), n. The shadow- 
bird, umber, or umbrette, Scopus umbretta, an 
African altricial grallatorial bird allied both to 
the storks and to the herons, about as large as 
the night-heron. It is somber-colored, of a dusky 
brown, with an occipital crest, lives in the woods, and 
builds a huge domed nest in trees, in which it lays from 
three to five white eggs. See cut under Scopus. 
umberer (um'ber-er), u. The vizor of a helmet. 
And then Sir Lamorake kneeled downe and unlaced first 
his iimberere and then his owne; and then either kissed 
other with weeping teares. 
Hir T. Malory, Morte d'Arthur, II. xli. 
