umbrage 
shadow: see umbra, timber 1 .] 1. Shade; a 
shadow; obscurity. 
We are past the twilights of conversion, and the um- 
brages of the world, and walk in the light of God. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 841. 
His [Wordsworth's] angels and fiends are human 
thoughts and feelings, and he can awake them at will 
from the umbrage of the old Rydal woods. 
Noctes Ambrosianx, April, 1832. 
2. That which affords a shade ; specifically, a 
screen of trees or foliage. 
The linnets warble, captive none, but lur'd 
By food to haunt the umbrage ; all the glade 
Is life, is music, liberty, and love. 
W. Mason, English Garden, iv. 
Into trackless forest set 
With trees, whose lofty umbrage met. 
Wordsworth, Tour in Scotland (1814), The Brownie's Cell. 
3. A slight appearance; an apparition; a 
shade. 
Some of them being umbrages . . . rather than reali- 
ties. Fuller, Holy War, v. 26. (Encyc. Diet.) 
A penitent is not taken with umbrages and appearances, 
nor quits a real good for an imaginary. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 183. 
The opinion carries no show of truth nor umbrage of rea- 
son on its side. Woodward. 
4. The feeling of being overshadowed, as by 
another standing in one's light or way ; hence, 
suspicion of slight or injury ; offense ; resent- 
ment. 
I say, just fear, . . . not out of umbrages, light jealous- 
ies, apprehensions afar off, but out of clear foresight of 
imminent danger. Bacon, Wai 1 with Spain. 
So they parted for that time without the least Umbrage 
of Discontent, nor do I hear of any engendered since. 
Howell, Letters, I. ill. 23. 
The Persian ambassador . . . did not care to see any 
Franks, the port being very suspicious, and the minister 
very wisely avoided giving umbrage without any reason. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 100. 
No part of Henry's conduct gave such umbrage to his 
nobles as the facility with which he resigned himself to 
the control of favorites. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., i. 3. 
= Syn,4. See pique? and animosity. 
umbrage (um'braj), v. t. ; pret. and pp. um- 
braged, ppr. umbraging. [* umbrage, n.] To 
shade. 
A ridge or hillock heavily umbraged with the rounded 
foliage of evergreen oaks. Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 733. 
umbrageous (um-bra'jius), a. [Formerly also 
umbragious; < F. ombrageux, shady, < ombrage, 
shade : see umbrage."] 1 . Forming or affording 
a shade; shading; shady. 
Consider but the rudiment of a tall and umbrageous tree, 
from so minute a seed as may be borne away by every 
blast. Evelyn, True Religion, I. 29. 
Ash far-stretching his umbrageous arm. 
Confer, Task, i. 311. 
Do they play as formerly with thy crisp glossy curls, so 
delicate and umbrageous ? 
Landor, Imag. Conv., Alcibiades and Xenophon. 
2. Shaded; shady: as, an umbrageous glen. 
Umbrageous grots and caves 
Of cool recess. Milton, P. L., iv. 267. 
3f. Obscure ; doubtful, as if from being dark- 
ened or shaded; hence, suspicious; "rather 
shady." 
In the present constitution of the Court (which Is very 
ombrageous). Sir H. Wotton, Reliquiaj. 
4f. Apt or disposed to take offense ; taking um- 
brage. 
umbrageously (um-bra'jius-li), adv. In an 
umbrageous manner. 
umbrageousness (um-bra'jius-nes), . The 
state or quality of being umbrageous; shadi- 
ness : as, the umbrageousness of a tree. 
Umbraidt (urn-brad'), v. t. [ME. mnbrayden, um- 
breyden; < urn- + braidi. Cf. upbraid.'] To up- 
braid. 
Whan she of his falsenesse him umbreyde. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1671. 
I umbrayde one, I cast one in the tethe of an offence 
that he hath done. . . . What though he have done a 
mysse, it was nat thy parte to umbrayde hym. 
Palsgrave, p. 766. 
umbraidt, Strife; contention. Halliwell. 
umbral (um'bral), a. [< umbra + -al.J Per- 
taining to an umbra.- umbral notation, a nota- 
tion for determinants invented by the French mathema- 
tician Vandermonde (1735-96) in 1772, but substantially 
known to Leibnitz. Each constituent of the determinant 
is represented as the product of two letters, one for the 
row the other for the column, which letters do not, of 
course, denote quantities, but only the numerical position 
of the row or columns, so that the product of one of one 
set by one of the other is equal to a quantity. If the um- 
bral multiplication is commutative, the determinant is 
symmetrical; if polar, it is skew symmetrical. The name 
was given by Sylvester. 
Umbral (um'bral), n. [< L. umbra, shade, twi- 
light, + -al.~\ in the classification of the Pale- 
ozoic series of Pennsylvania, according to H. 
6574 
D. Rogers, a group of rocks of great thickness, 
belonging to the Carboniferous, and lying be- 
tween the Serai or Millstone-grit and the Ves- 
pertine. The Umbral and Vespertine together consti- 
tute the Subcarboniferous of some authors, or that part of 
the Carboniferous which lies below the Millstone-grit. 
umbratet (um'brat), v. t. [< L. itaihriititH, pp. 
of umbrare (> F. ombrer), shade, overshadow, < 
umbra, shade, shadow: see umber 1 .'] To shade; 
shadow ; foreshadow. 
umbrated (um'bra-ted), a. [< umbrate + -ed?.] 
In her. : (a) Shadowed, or casting a shadow. 
(&) Same as entrailed. Neither of these uses is 
strictly heraldic. 
Those ensignes which are borne umbrated. 
Bosseu-ell, Workes of Armorie (1572), p. 25. (Encyc. Diet.) 
umbratict (um-brat'ik), a. [< L. umbraticus, of 
or pertaining to shade or shadow, being in re- 
tirement, secluded, < umbra, shade : see umbra, 
umberl. Cf. umbrage."] 1. Shadowy; foreshad- 
owing; hence, casting shadows. 
Those umbratick representations (or Insinuations) did 
obtain their substance, validity, and effect. 
Barrow, Sermons, II. xxvii. 
2. Keeping in the shade or in retirement; se- 
cluded ; retired. 
umbraticalt (um-brat'i-kal), a. [< wmbratic + 
-(.] Same as umbratic. 
Whole volumes dispatched by the umbratical doctors on 
all sides. B. Jonson, Discoveries. 
umbratilet (um'bra-til), a. [< L. umbratilis, re- 
maining in the shade, retired, < umbra, shade: 
see umbra."] 1. Being in the shade or in retire- 
ment; secluded. 
Health that hath not been softened by an umbratUe life 
still under the roof. Bacon. 
We mast not . . . play the geometrician with our soul, 
as we may with lines and figures, and things obnoxious to 
our senses, in this umbratUe state and dependence. 
Evelyn, True Religion, I. 56. 
2. Pertaining to or resembling a shadow or 
shadows; shadowy. 
Shadows have their figure, motion, 
And their umbratUe action from the real 
Posture and motion of the body's act. 
B. Jonson, Magnetick Lady, ill. 3. 
3. Unreal; unsubstantial. 
This life that we live disjoyned from God is but a shadow 
and umbratil imitation of that. 
Dr. H. More, Philos. Poems, p. 337, notes. 
Umbration (um-bra'shon), n. [< LL. umbra- 
tio(n-), a shading, shadowing, < L. umbrare, pp. 
umbratus, shade: see umbrate.] 1. A fore- 
shadowing ; adumbration. 
Nor all this by transient and superficial knowledge, fig- 
ures, and umbratwns, but immediate and intuitive notices. 
Evelyn, True Religion, I. 241. 
2. In her., same as adumbration. 
umbratioust (um-bra'shus), a. [Irreg. var. of 
umbrageous, after umbratic, etc. : see umbra- 
geous."] Apt to take umbrage ; tetchy. [Bare.] 
Age, . . . which ... is commonly . . . umbralious and 
apprehensive. Sir H. Wotton, Reliquiie. 
umbra-tree (um'bra-tre), n. Same as bella- 
sombra-tree. 
Timbre, n. See umber 1 . 
umbrel (um'brel), n. [< OF. ombrelle, an um- 
brella: see umbrella, in def. 3 confused with 
the form umbrere, which is used in the same 
sense.] It. An umbrella. 
Each of them besides bore their umbrels. 
Shelton, tr. of Don Quixote, 1. 8. {Latham.) 
2f. A lattice. Halliwell. 3. A defense for the 
umbrella-ant 
umbrella (um-brel'a), n. [Formerly also um- 
brello (also umbrel, q. v.) ; < It. ombrrlla, umbrel- 
la, an umbrella, sunshade, dim. otombra, shade, 
< L. umbra, shade : see umbra. Cf. umbracle, 
umbel, umbclla.] 1. A portable shade, screen, 
or canopy which opens and folds, carried in the 
hand for the purpose of sheltering the person 
from the rays of the sun or from rain. The name 
was formerly given to a sort of fan used to protect the face 
from the sun, but is now applied to a light canopy of silk, 
cotton, or other cloth, extended on a folding frame com- 
posed of bars or strips of steel, cane, etc., which slides on 
a rod or stick. A small and light form of umbrella, car- 
ried by women as a protection from the rays of the sun, 
often in gay colors, or ornamented with ribbons, lace, 
etc., is habitually called a parasol. The umbrella had 
its origin in very remote times in the far East, and in 
some Asiatic countries it was (and still is) regarded as an 
emblem of royalty or a mark of distinction. In ancient 
Greece its use was familiar among women for protection 
from the sun, and it is frequently represented in vase- 
paintings and terra-cottas. Asa defense from rain or snow 
it was not used in western Europe till early in the eigh- 
teenth century. The word is sometimes used figuratively. 
Compare cloak. 
UmbreUaes, that is, things that minister shadow unto 
them [Italians] for shelter against the scorching heate. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 135. 
Umbrella (Ital. OmbreUa), a fashion of round and broad 
Fans, wherewith the Indians (and from them our great 
ones) preserve themselves from the heat of the sun or 
fire; and hence any little shadow, Fan, or other thing 
wherewith women guard their faces from the sun. 
Blount, Glossographia (1670). 
The tuck'd up sempstress walks with hasty strides, 
While streams run down her oil'd umbrella's sides. 
Swift, A City Shower. 
The inseparable gold umbrella, which in that country 
[Burma] as much denotes the grandee as the star or garter 
does in England. 
J. W. Palmer, Up and Down the Irrawaddi, p. 90. 
Moreover, he [Jonas Hanway] is said to have been the 
first man who made a practice [about 1750] of using an 
umbrella while walking in the streets of London. 
Diet. Nat. Biog., XXIV. 313. 
2. In zodl. : (a) The gelatinous disk or swim- 
ming-bell of an acaleph, as a jellyfish, by the 
rhythmical contraction and expansion of which 
the creature swims, taken either with or with- 
out the velum. It is usually the largest, most symmet- 
rical, and most coherent part of the jellyfish, from which 
other parts hang like streamers, either around its margin 
or from the center of the under surface. If we compare 
this bell to a woman's sun-umbrella, lined as well as cov- 
ered with silk, and having a fringe, then the outer or aboral 
surface is the exumbrella; the inner or under lining sur- 
face is the adumbrella, or adoral surface surrounding the 
mouth, from which large mouth-parts may hang in the po- 
sition of the stick or handle of the umbrella ; the ring of 
metal which slides up and down the stick may represent 
the gastric cavity of the creature, and the metal ribs of the 
umbrella may suggest the radial canals which go out to the 
circumference. At points around the margin are the se- 
ries of adradial, perradial, and interradial sense-organs or 
other appendages, as tentacles, and where these are long 
and streaming they represent the fringe of the imagined 
parasol. See cuts under acaleph, Aurelia, Discophora, and 
In ... [Diicophora], the aboral end of the hydranth is 
dilated into a disk or umbrella, which is susceptible of 
rhythmical contractile movements. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 118. 
(6) In conch. [NL. (Lamarck, 1809).] (1) [cop.] 
A genus of tectibranchiate or 
pleurobranchiate gastropods ; 
the umbrella-shells, as U. um- 
bellata. Also Ombrella. (2) A 
limpet-like tectibranchiate 
gastropod of the genus Um- 
brella or family tmbrellidse; 
an umbrella-shell. 
The umbrellas are very large crea- 
tures, wearing a flat limpet on the 
middle of the back, not immersed in 
the mantle. P. P. Carpenter, Lect. on 
[Mollusca (1861), p. 86. 
umbrella-ant (um-brel'a-ant), n. A parasol- 
ant or leaf-carrying ant j which when foraging 
Umbrella-shell (Um- 
brella utnbellata). 
Helmet with Umbrel, i6th century. (From "L'Art pour Tous.") 
face, attached to a helmet. Also called shade. 
See also cut under armet. 
Umbrell.i-am f fEcodomd tephalotes). 
Center figure, queen ; right, worker ; left, soldier. 
carries bits of leaves over its back as though 
for protection, as the sauba-ant, (Ecodoma 
cepltalotes. See sauba-ant. 
