university 
2f. A corporation ; a gild. 
Some of them are worthy to be expulsed both thence 
and out of the university. 
Bp. Ridley, in Bradford's Works (Parker Soc.), II. 372. 
3. An association of men for the purpose of 
study, which confers degrees which are acknow- 
ledged as valid throughout Christendom, is en- 
dowed, and is privileged by the state in order that 
the people may receive intellectual guidance, 
and that the theoretical problems which present 
themselves in the development of civilization 
may be resolved. The earliest university was the med- 
ical school of Salerno, which was closed in 1817, after a life 
of about a thousand years. The two models of all the other 
old universities were those of Bologna and Paris, the for- 
mer a law school, the latter making theology its chief con- 
cern, both founded in the second half of the twelfth cen- 
tury an epoch at which the advantages that were to ac- 
crue to the world from certain studies were strongly felt. 
The university of Paris had from the outset four faculties, 
or branches of study(a word also applied to the associate 
body of teachers in each branch) theology, canon law, 
medicine, and arts. But the study of arts including 
logic and rhetoric from the trivium, and the quadrivium 
(arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy) was re- 
garded as merely preliminary to the others, which alone, 
as attacking vital problems, entitled the university to its 
high privileges. Hence, upon inception as a master of 
arts a man did notecase to be called a "scholar" a word 
which has consequently come to imply sound learning out- 
side the three professions. It was the elucidation of the- 
ology which was above all desired and expected from the 
university ; and the faculty of theology was organized 
more like a learned academy than as a seminary. The 
constitutions of universities are various and for the most 
part complicated. In Paris there were in each faculty three 
degrees, those of bachelor, licentiate, and master or doc- 
tor. Three years' study were required for a master in arts, 
and he must be twenty-one years of age. Five years' study 
more were required for the first degree in theology. The 
instruction was entirely by lectures, and the only exercises 
were disputations. Each faculty was presided over by a 
dean, and had two bedels and other servants. The four 
faculties met in congregation, and were presided over by 
the vice-chancellor. Theposition of chancellorwasmere- 
ly formal. For the purposes of administration, all the 
scholars, including the masters of arts, were divided into 
four nations, of Gaul, Picardy, Normandy, and England. 
This was an airangement not going back to the origin of 
the university, though students from the same country 
had from the first clubbed together. Each nation was 
governed by a proctor, and possessed a seal. The students 
were mostly gathered into different colleges, hostels, and 
pedagogies ; and in 1459 the class of martinets, or unat- 
tached students, was abolished. The corporate institution 
in Paris and other northern universities embraced only the 
masters, not the other students, and for this reason it was 
not until late in the fourteenth century that, first in Ger- 
many, this body, called the studium generate, began to 
take the name of the univernitas, or union a word which 
had before and has since been used to include students of 
all grades. Along with the name of university, from be- 
fore the restriction in its meaning, has always been asso- 
ciated the epithet of alma water. General council Of 
tne university. See council. University extension, 
a scheme, originating in England, for extending the advan- 
tages of university instruction by means of lectures and 
classes at important centers. University Test Act, an 
English statute of 1S71 which abolished the subscribing 
to articles of faith, etc., before taking degrees. 
universityless (u-ni-ver'si-ti-les), a. [< univer- 
sity + -less.'] Having no university. Fuller. 
uniyersological (u-ni-ver-so-loj'i-kal), a. [< 
universolog-y + -ic-al.~\ Of or pertaining to 
universology. [Rare.] 
tmiversologist (u'ni-vtr-sol'o-jist), n. [< uni- 
versolog-y + -ist.] One versed in universology. 
[Bare.] 
universology (u'ui-ver-sol'o-ji), n. [< L. uni- 
versum, the universe (see universe), + Gr. -Xoyi'o, 
< Myeiv, speak: see -ology.] The science of the 
universe, or of the whole system of created 
things; a science covering the whole ground 
of philosophy, of the sciences in their general 
aspects, and of social polity, or the collective 
life of the human world. H. Spencer. 
univocal (u-niv'o-kal), o. and . [Cf. F. uni- 
voque = Sp. uniroco"= Pg. It. univoco; < LL. 
univocus, having but one meaning, < L. units, 
one, + vox (roc-), voice, meaning : see vocal.] 
1. a. 1. Having one meaning only ; having the 
meaning unmistakable: opposed to equivocal. 
So does every exercise of the life of Christ kindle its 
own fires, inspires breath into itself, and makes an univ- 
ocal production of itself in a differing subject. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 23. 
2. In music, having a unisonous sound. 3. Cer- 
tain; not to be doubted or mistaken. [Rare.] 
The true mothers, the unimcal parents of their produc- 
tions. Jf. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, ii. 3. 
4. Producing something of its own nature : as, 
univocal generation ; a nnivocal cause. [Rare.] 
Which conceit ... is injurious unto philosophy, . . . 
making putrefactive generations correspondent unto sem- 
inal productions, and conceiving in equivocal effects an 
univocal conformity unto the efficient. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 6. 
Univocal action. See action. Uuivocal generation 
normal or regular generation, in distinction from equivo- 
cal or spontaneous generation. Univocal predication. 
See predication. 
6624 
II. . A word having only one signification 
or meaning ; a generic word, or a word predi- 
cable of many different species, as fish, tree. 
Imp. DM. 
univocally (u-niv'o-kal-i), ailr. In a univocal 
manner; in one sense or tenor; not equivo- 
cally; unmistakably. 
The same word may be employed either unitincally, 
equivocally, or analogously. H'hatelu. 
univocation (u-niv-o-ka'shon), . [= F. uni- 
rocation = Sp. unirocacion = Pg. miicoeay&n = 
It. univocazione; < LL. nnivocus, having but one 
meaning: see univocal.] Agreement of name 
and meaning. Whiston. Limited univocationt, 
univocation of a genus, species, dilference, property, 
or accident : opposed to transcendent univocation, such 
univocation as is possessed by ens, good, true, relation, 
absolute, etc. 
unjaundiced (un-jan'dist), a. Not jaundiced ; 
hence, not affected by envy, jealousy, etc. 
An unjaundiced eye. Cowper, To Dr. Darwin. 
unjealous (un-jel'us), a. Not jealous; not sus- 
picious or mistrustful. Clarendon. 
unjoin (nn-join'), v. t. [ME. unjoynen; < un-" 
+ Join.'] To separate; disjoin. 
Tigris and Eufrates unjoynen and departen hir watres. 
Chaucer, Boethius, v. meter 1. 
unjoint (un-joinf), v. t. [< MM- 2 + joint.'] To 
disjoint; take apart the joints of: as, to unjoint 
a fishing-rod. 
Vnioynt that bytture. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 265. 
Unjointing the bones. Fuller, Holy War, p. 247. 
unjointed (tm-join'ted), a. 1. Having no joints, 
nodes, or articulations; inarticulate. 2. Un- 
joined; disjointed; disconnected. 
This bald unjointed chat. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i. 3. 65. 
3. Unhinged; out of joint; disarticulated; lux- 
ated or dislocated, as a joint. 
unjoyful (un-joi'ful),a. [< M.E.unjoyful,< un- 1 
+ joyful.] Joyless; unpleasant. 
Thilke thinges . . . shollen ben unjoyful to thee. 
Chaucer, Boetltins, ii. prose 5. 
This unjoyful set of people. Steele, Taller, No. 16. 
unjOVOUS (un-joi'us), a. Not joyous; not gay 
or cheerful. 
Where nothing can be hearty, it must be unjoyous and 
injurious to any perceiving person. Milton, Tetrachordon. 
unjoyously (un-joi'us-li), adv. Inanunjoyous 
manner; joylessly. 
unjust (un-jusf), a. [< ME. unjust; < MM- 1 + 
just 1 .] 1. Not just, (a) Not acting or disposed to 
act according to law and justice ; not upright. 
He makcth his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and 
sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Mat. v. 45. 
(V) Contrary to justice and right ; wrongful ; unjustifiable. 
This is a signe, for-sothe, of a sure, Emperour, 
And the eoniunctoun vniuxt is Joynit vs betwene, 
Is care for to come, with a cold ende. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 13831. 
And my more-having would be as a sauce 
To make me hunger more ; that I should forge 
Quarrels unjunt against the good and loyal. 
Shut., Macbeth, iv. 3. 83. 
2f. Dishonest ; faithless ; perfidious. 
Gentlemen of companies, . . . and such as indeed were 
never soldiers, but discarded unjust serving-men. 
Sliak.,lHcn. IV., iv. 2.30. 
= Syn. 1. Inequitable, unfair, unrighteous. See righteous. 
unjustice (un- jus 'tis), n. Injustice. Hales, 
Sermon, Rom. xiv. 1. 
unjustifiable (un-jus'ti-fi-a-bl), a. Not justifi- 
able ; not defensible or right. 
The foolish and unjustifiable doctrine of indulgences. 
Jer. Taylor, Of Repentance, ii. 1. 
unjustifiableness (un-jus'ti-fi-a-bl-nes), . 
The character of being unjustifiable. Claren- 
don. 
unjustifiably (iin-jus'ti-fi-a-bli), adv. In a 
manner that cannot be justified or vindicated. 
Burke, Eev. in France. 
unjustly (un-just'li), adv. In an unjust man- 
ner; wrongfully. Shak., Hen. V., i. 2. 40. 
unjustness (un-just'nes), n. The character of 
being unjust ; injustice. 
unked (ung'ked), a. [Also unkid, unketh, un- 
kith, unkard; dial. vars. of uncouth : see uncouth, 
and cf. unco.] Unusual; odd; strange; ugly; 
hence, solitary ; dangerous. [Obsolete or pro- 
vincial.] 
It seemed an unked place for an unarmed man to ven- 
ture through. S. D. Black-more, Lorna Doone, xxxi. 
unkembedt, unkemmedt (un-kemd'), . Same 
as unkempt. 
Her head 
With long unkemVd haire loaden. 
Marslon, Sophonisba, iv. 1. 
With long untceinmcd hairs. 
May, tr. of Lucan's Pharsalia, vi. 
unkindredly 
unkempt (un-kemt'), a. [A later form of nn- 
kcmbcd, also nnkemmed; < ME. wikem.pt; < un- 1 
+ kcmbed, kempt, pp. of kemb.] 1. Uncombed; 
disheveled: as. unkempt hair; hence, disorderly. 
2. Figuratively, rough; unpolished. 
But ah ! too well I wote my humble vaine, 
And howe my rimes bene rugged and unkempt. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., November. 
The aspect of some lawless, unkempt genius. 
M. C. Tyler, Life of Patrick Henry, p. 16. 
unkenned (un-kend'), a. [Also nnkend, iinkent; 
< mi- 1 + kenned, pp. of ken 1 .] Unknown. [Ob- 
solete or dialectal.] 
To travel through unkenned lands. 
Greene., Alphonsus, iv. 
Unkennel (un-ken'el), v. t.; pret. and pp. un- 
kenneled, unkennelled, ppr. unkenneling, unkm- 
nelling. [< - 2 + kennel 1 .] 1. To drive or 
force from a kennel ; take out of a kennel. 
Shak., M. W. of W., iii. 3. 174. 2. To rouse 
from secrecy or retreat. 
Observe mine uncle, if his occulted guilt 
Do not itself unkennrl in one speech. 
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2. 86. 
unkensomet (un-ken'sum), a. [< un- 1 + ken 1 
+ -some.] Not recognizable. 
It 's unkensome we wad be. 
Archie of Ca'field (Child's Ballads, VI. 90). 
unkept (un-kepf), a. 1. Not kept; not re- 
tained; not preserved. 2. Not sustained, 
maintained, or tended. 
He ... stays me here at home unkept, 
Shak., As you Like it, i. 1. 9. 
3. Not observed ; not obeyed, as a command. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iv. $ 14. 
unkind (un-klnd'), a. [< ME. unkinde, unkynde, 
uncunde, nnkuynde, onkynde, onkende, < AS. un- 
cynde, ungecynde, not natural, < un-, not, + ge- 
cynde, natural, kind : see kind 1 .] If. Not natu- 
ral; unnatural. 
Therfor he, of ful avysement, 
Nolde never wryte in none of his sermouns 
Of swiche unkynde abhominaciouns. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Man of Law's Tale, 1. 88. 
2. Not sympathetic; lacking in or not spring- 
ing from or exhibiting kindness, benevolence, 
or affection ; not kind ; harsh ; cruel. 
Rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind. 
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 1. 101 
unkindliness (un-klnd'H-nes), n. The charac- 
ter of being unkindly; unkindness; unfavora- 
bleness. Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
unkindly (un-klnd'li), . [< ME. unkindely, un- 
kyndely, unkundeliche, < AS. ungecyndelic, unge- 
cyndlic, unnatural, < un-, not, + gecyndelic, natu- 
ral, kindly: see kindly, a.] If. Unnatural; con- 
trary to nature. 
And gan abhor her brood's unkindly crime. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. x. 9. 
2. Unfavorable; malignant. 
Forbidding every bleak unkindly fog. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 269. 
3. Not kindly; unkind; ungracious: as, an un- 
kindly manner. 
unkindly (un-klnd'li), adv. [< ME. unkindely, 
unkyndely, unkuyndeliche, unkydelike,< AS. *un- 
gecyndelice, unnaturally, < un-, not, + gecynde- 
lice, naturally: see kindly, adv.] If. In a man- 
ner contrary to nature ; unnaturally. 
Dronken Loth unkyndely 
Lay by his doughtres two unwityngly. 
Chaucer, Pardoner's Tale, 1. 23. 
2. In an unkind manner; without kindness or 
affection ; ungraciously. 
Something unkindly she does take it, sir, 
To have her husband chosen to her hands. 
Beau, and Fl., King and No King, iii. 1. 
unkindness (un-kind'nes), n. [< ME. unkynd- 
nes; < unkind + -ness.] 1. The state or charac- 
ter of being unkind ; want of kindness ; want of 
natural affection; want of good will; ill will. 
Take hede, 1 praie thee, that our louc be not inuenimed 
with vnkyndnes. Golden Book, ix. 
Ingratitude, commenly called unkyndncasc. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, ii. 13. 
2. An unkind act ; harsh treatment; an ill turn. 
In all those unkindnewes, rudenesses, &c., whereof you 
accuse yourself, I am enforced to acknowledge myself 
most justly condemned. 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 4. 
unkindredt (un-kin'dred), a. Not of the same 
kindred, blood, race, or kind ; not related. 
One ... of blood unkindred to your royal house. 
Roire, Lady Jane Grey, iii. 
unkindredlyt (un-kin'dred-H>, a. Unlike kin- 
dred. [Rare.] 
Her unkindredly kin. 
Kichardton, Clarissa Harlowe, VI. 391. (Dames.) 
