use 
a line, confidence, or trust In any hereditament* should 
l>e deemed and adjudged in lawful ttei/in, e utate, and pos- 
session of the name estate that he had in use Unit is, 1 1ml 
he, instead of the liouiinjil Kruntce or trustee, should l<e- 
couic tin- full IcL'Jll owner. This principle II;I.H been adopt- 
ed by provisions, known by the namo title. In the legiala- 
tiunof moHtof the I uited siatc,. Superstitious uses, 
ilch religions uses aw wen- condemned by Knglinh law 
at or after the Information an maintaining superstition, 
in which were included the providing of nuuwes for the 
cli-:iil, etc. Ill the 1 nitc.l stales, generally, no restriction 
is placed upon use* for the.-, purposes as such, all reli- 
gious tenets not involving any contravention of the .1 im- 
iii;tl l:iw hciuK on an equal footing; hut trusts for Mich pin - 
puses :n e 1 1 i|iiiieil t iifni in t<> the Hame rules as trusts 
for chantaMe or other secular uses. In respect to the exis- 
tence of a competent corporate trustee and a defined or 
aacertainable object. Use and occupation, the enjoy- 
ment of possession or the holding of real property Iw- 
lon^in- to another without a written lease, but under 
cii ciiui .tiuicc^ implying a liability to make compensation 
in the nature of rent. Uae plaintiff, a person benefi- 
cially Interested In a claim, and for whose use or benefit 
an action Is brought thereon in the name of another, as in 
the name of an apparent owner, or in the name of the state. 
useable, useableness. See usable, usablenexs. 
usee (ii-/.o') ( n. [X jwe 2 + -ee.] A person for 
wlinxe use a suit is brought in the name of an- 
other. [Rare.] 
useful (us'ful), a. [< use 1 + -fnl.'] Being of 
use, advantage, or profit; valuable for use; 
suited or adapted to a purpose ; producing or 
having power to produce good; beneficial; 
profitable ; serviceable. 
The Scot, because he hath always l>een an useful Con- 
federate to France against England, hath (among other 
Privileges) Right of Pre-emption or first choice of Wines 
In Bourdeaux. llmrtll. Letters, II. 54. 
Now blind, dlshcartcn'd, sham'd, dishonour'd, quell'd, 
To what can I be utejul! Milton, S. A., 1. 564. 
The useful arts are reproductions or new combinations, 
by the wit of man, of the same natural benefactors. 
Emerson. Nature. 
Useful invention. See inwntton. = Syn. Advantageous, 
serviceable, helpful, available, salutary. 
usefully (us'ful-i), adv. In a useful manner; 
profitably; beneficially; in such a manner as 
to effect or advance some end. 
usefulness (us'ful-nes), . The state or char- 
acter of being useful ; conduciveness to some 
end; utility; serviceableness; advantage, 
useless (us les), a. [< use + -less.] Having no 
use; being of no use; unserviceable; usable 
to no good end ; answering no valuable pur- 
pose; not advancing the end proposed; un- 
profitable; ineffectual. 
Where none admire, 'tis useless to excel. 
Lord Lyttelton. 
An idler is a watch that wants both hands, 
As useless it it goes as when it stands. 
Camper, Retirement, 1. 682. 
= Syn. Useless, Fruitless, Ineffectual, Unavailing, boot- 
less, profitless, unprofitable, valueless, worthless, futile, 
abortive. Useless often Implies that the cause of failure 
lies in the situation : as, it is useless to try to mend that 
clock. Useless is the only one of these words that may 
thus be applied by anticipation to what might he at- 
tempted. That which Isfruitlexs, ineffectual, or utMrailin'j 
actually fails, and from hindrances external to iUelf. Un- 
availing Is more likely to be used than fruitless or ineffec- 
tual where the failure is through some one's unwilling- 
ness : as, umiwtiling prayers or petitions, ineffectual ef- 
forts, fruitless labors. Fruitless is stronger andmore final 
than rnefsctual or unavailing. 
uselessly (us'les-li), adv. In a useless manner ; 
without profit or advantage, 
uselessness (us'les-nes), n. The state or char- 
acter of being useless ; unserviceableness; 1111- 
fitness for any valuable purpose or for the pur- 
pose intended. 
user 1 (u'zer), n. [< ME. user ; < use 1 + -er 1 .] 
One who or that which uses. 
Yf ther be eny wyudowes, dorres, or holes of newe made 
In to the yeld walle, wherthorough eny persone may se, 
here, or have knowlech what ys done in the seid halle, that 
it be so stopped by the doers or csers therof, uppon peyne 
of xili. s. Ill], d. English Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 387. 
Beauty's waste hath in the world an end, 
And, kept unused, the user so destroys it. 
Shak., Sonnets, Ix. 
user 2 (u'x.er), n. [< OP. user, inf. as noun : see 
me, v.] In fair, the using or exercise, as of a 
right; continued use or enjoyment; the acting 
in a manner which implies a claim of right so 
to do. See non-user Adverse user, such a use of 
property as the owner himself would exercise, disregard- 
ing the claims of others entirely, asking permission from 
no one, and using the property under a claim of right. 
Mitchell,!., 120Jud. Rep., p. 598. Right Of user. (o)The 
right to use, as distinguished from ownership. (b) The pre- 
sumptive right arising from continued user. 
USh (ush), r. t. [A back-formation. < linker.] To 
usher. [Obsolete or colloq.] 
If he winna fee to me 
Three valets or four. 
To heir my tail up frae the dirt 
And ush me throw the town. 
The Vain Qudcmje, t. 3. 
usher (ush'er). n. [< ME. usher, livelier, usshere, 
iixeli<-r<; < OF. ussher, usxer, ussier, uixsier, F. 
6675 
Innxxier = OSp. urier, 8p. ujier = Sp. Pg. It. 
oxlinriit = It. .-</, iil-o oslinrio, < I,, nsli- 
iii nix. n iliiiirkci-pcr. < oxtin/n ( > ( )F. nix, luiixi. :i 
dour, ' nl raiici-, < < i ;'ivi, a mouth: M-C n-iiniiii. 
ox-,] 1. An otlicrr or M-rvnni who haH the care 
of the door of a court, hull, chiimlii-r. or the 
like; a doorkeeper: hence, one who meets peo- 
ple at the door of a public hall, church, or thea- 
ter, and escorts them to Beats; also, an officer 
whose business it is to introduce strangers or 
to walk before a person of rank. In the royal 
household of (Ireat Britain there are four gentlemen ush- 
ers of the privy chamber, together with gentlemen ushers 
daily waiters, gentlemen ushers quarterly waiters, etc. 
That dore can noon wither shette. 
Ooirrr, Conf. Amant.. I. 
The sable Night dis-lodged; and now began 
Aurora's Vsher with his windy Fan 
(lently to shake the Woods on every side. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, il., The Fathers. 
P. jun. Art thou her grace's steward? 
Bra. No, her unher, sir. 
/'. jun. What, of the hall ? thou hut a sweeping face ; 
Thy beard is like a broom. 
B. Joiuan, Staple of News, ii. 
2. An under-teacher, or assistant to a school- 
master or principal teacher. 
Further jrt was ogred that, yf Rye' Marlow which ) 
now Scholemaater will not tary here as hutther and teaclie 
wrytlnge and hclpe to teache the petytes, then the sayd 
Ocland to have the hole wages, and to fynd his huuher 
him selfe and to teache gramer, wrytinge, and petytes ac- 
conling to the erection of our sayd Schole. 
Christopher Ocland, In Ellis's Lit Letters, p. 65. 
I have been an unher at a boarding-school myaeU ; and 
may I die by an anodyne necklace, but 1 had rather be an 
under-tumkey In Newgate ! Qoldanith, Vicar, xx. 
3. One of certain British geometrid moths. 
Hybernia leucophearia is the spring usher. 
Gentleman usher of the black rod. See black-rod. 
Gentleman ushers of the privy chamber. See 
privy. Usher of the green rod, an officer of the order 
of the ThUtle, who attends on the sovereign and knights 
assembled in chapter. There are also ushers doing simi- 
lar duties in the order of St. Patrick, the order of the 
Bath, etc. 
usher (ush'er), r. t. [< usher, n.] To act as an 
usher to ; attend on in the manner of an usher; 
introduce as forerunner or harbinger; forerun; 
precede ; announce : generally followed by >n, 
forth, etc. 
No sun shall ever usher forth mine honours. 
Shot., Hen. VIII., iii. 2. 410. 
And ushers in his talk with cunning sighs. 
J. Beaumont, Psyche, II. 38. 
When he comes home, poor snail, hell not dare to peep 
forth of doors lest his horns unher him. 
Webster and Dekker, Northward Ho, v. 1. 
He ... carefully ushered resistance with a preamble of 
infringed right. Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 7S. 
usherancef (ush'er-ans), n. [< usher + -anee.~] 
The act of usheringj or the state of being ush- 
ered in; introduction. Shaftesb iiry, Character- 
istics, iii. 
usherdom (ush'er-dum), H. [< usher + -rfom.] 
The functions or power of ushers ; ushership; 
also, ushers collectively. Quarterly Km. [Rare.] 
usherian (u-she'ri-an), a. [< uxlicr + -/.] 
Pertaining to, or performed or directed by, an 
usher. [Rare.] 
Certain powers were . . . delegated to ... beings called 
I'shers. The usherian rule had . . . always been compar- 
atively light Ditraeli, Vivian Grey, I. Iv. 
usherless (ush'er-les), a. [< tisher + -less.'] 
Destitute of an usher or ushers. 
Where usherless, both day and night, the North, 
South, East, and West windes enter and goe forth. 
Si/leester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii, The Handy-Crafts. 
ushership (ush'er-ship), . [< usher + -ship.] 
The office of an usher. 
usitate (u' zi-tat), a. [< L. tisitatiis, used, usual, 
pp. of Mxitari, use often, freq. of uti, pp. tisus, 
use : see use 1 .] Used ; usual ; customary. 
He [Hooper] borrowed from Laskl, or from Zurich, the 
new or revived title of superintendent, and with this he 
decorated certain of his clergy, whom he set above the 
rest despising, It would seem, the usitatc dignities of ru- 
ral deans and archdeacons. 
R. W. Diaon, Hist Church of Eng., xx. 
usitative (u'zi-ta-tiv), a. [< usitate + -ive.] 
Noting customary action: as, "the usitatirc 
aorist?' Alford. 
U. S. M. An abbreviation (a) of I'nittd States 
iiHtil. and (ft) of United States marine. 
U. S. N. AJI abbreviation of United States nart/. 
Usnea (us'ne-a), n. [NL. (G. F. Hoffmann, 
1794).] A small genus of gymnocarpous parme- 
liaceous lichens, typical of the family I'sneei. 
They are fruticulose or more commonly pendulous lichens, 
having the thallus terete, usually straw-colored or grayish, 
with subterminal peltate apothecla. They are found in 
temperate or cool climates, growing on rocks, or more 
commonly on trunks or limbs of trees, whence they are 
called tree-mosses, resembling in their drooping growth 
the southern tree-moss (Tillandsia). U. barbata is the 
ustorious 
Beard-moot (t'titta barbala). 
heard-mosi, necklace-mou, or hanging-moss. Bee also 
cut under apvthecium. 
Usnegi (us-ne'e-i), n. pi. [NL., < Usnea + -ei.] 
A family of gymnocarpous parmeliaceous li- 
chens, typified liy the genus I'snra. 
usquebaugh (us'kwe-ba), n. [8c. also uxque- 
iiur, UM00M; formerly muiurlMth, < Gael. Ir. 
uisge-hiiillin, whisky, lit. 'water of life,' < uisge, 
water. + In-iiilm. life, allied to L. rite, Gr. /3iof, 
life: see ritnl. .//</ 1. Cf. F. ean de vie, NL. 
iiqua ritie, brandy, lit- ' water of life.' Cf. whis- 
ky 1 , another form of the same word without the 
second element.] Distilled spirit made by the 
Celtic people of the British Islands, originally 
from barley. In this sense the term is still used 
in Scotland for malt whisky. 
The Irishman for usquebath. 
Harstim and Webster, The Malcontent T. I. 
ID case of sickness, such l>ottles of wupifbauyh, black- 
cherry brandy, . . . and strong-beer as made the old 
coach crack again. Vanbi-ugh, Journey to London, L 1. 
Insph in' hauld John Barleycorn, 
What dangers thou canst make us scorn ! 
Wl' tippeny we fear nae eril ; 
Wi' utqueliae, we'll face the devil. 
Burnt, Tain o' Shanter. 
U. S. S. An abbreviation (a) of United States 
Senate, and (6) of United States ship. 
usselvent, prnn. pi. [ME. usselfe, uxxelren; < 
HX + self, selce, pi. of self.] Ourselves. Wy- 
clif, Cor. xi. 
We fllle accorded by us sclvcn two. 
Chaucer, ProL to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 812. 
USSUk, B. [Also oozook, urxuk; Eskimo.] The 
bearded seal, Krignathus barbatus. See cut 
under Krignathus. 
Ustilagineae ( us'ti-la-iin'e-e), w. pi. [XL., < 
Uxtilago (-gin-) + -ete.] An extensive order. of 
zygomycetous fungi, the smuts, parasitic in 
the tissues of living plants, especially flower- 
ing plants, causing much damage, particularly 
to the grasses. The mycelium Is widely spread ing, but 
soon vanishes. The teleutospores are produced In the 
interior of mycelfal branches, which often become gela- 
tinized. The life-history begins with the production from 
the resting-spore of a promycellnm which liears sporid- 
like gametes. These gametes conjugate in pairs, and di- 
rectly, or by means of sporids, produce a new mycelium, 
which in turn bears the reating-spores In another host 
Ustilaya, Urocystit, and TUIttia are the most important 
genera. See Coniomycctes, smut, 3, Fungi. 
ustilagineous (us'ti-la-jin'e-us), a. In hot., of 
or pertaining to the I stUaginete. 
ustilaginous (us-ti-laj'i-nus), a. [< Ustilago 
(-gin-) + -tilts.] 1. Affected with ustilago; 
smutty. 2. Belonging to the Uotilaginete. 
Ustilago (us-ti-lii'go), . [NL., < LL. ustilago 
(-gin-), a plant of the thistle kind; prob., like 
urtiea, < urere, (^ us), burn : see ustiou. The 
name is applied to smut as looking 'burnt' or 
blackened by fire.] 1. A genus of parasitic 
fungi, the type of the order Ustilaginete, cans- 
ing, under the name of smut, some of the most 
destructive of the fungus-diseases of plants. 
The tclentospores are simple, produced In the Interior 
of much-gelatinized swollen hypluc, and when mature 
forming pulverulent frequently til smelling masses. See 
>mu(, 3, maia-imut, chimney-imep, 3, bunt*, colly-brand, 
collatings, coal-brand. 
2. [I.e.] Smut. See iwt, 3. 
Ustion (us'chon), n. [= F. ustion = Sp. u^tfoM 
= Pg. ustfto == It. ustione, < L. uxtio(n-). a burn- 
ing, < urere (j/ us), burn, sear. Cf . adusft, com- 
bust, etc.] The act of burning, or the state of 
being burned. Johnson. 
Ustorious (us-to'ri-us), o. [< L. ustor, a burner 
(of dead bodies), < urere, burn.] Having the 
property of burning. 
The power of a burning-glass Is by an usiorious quality 
In the mirror or glass, arising from certain unknown sub- 
stantial form. Watt*. 
