Utetheisa 
chella alone occurring in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Austra- 
lia. U. (Deiopeia) liclla is a common North American 
species of a crimson color with white and black spots, 
whose larva feeds upon plants of the genera Myricu, 
Lrxpt'deza , Crntaltr ritt . and Prunus. 
Utgard (at .'giird), ii. [< led. ittgarthar, the outer 
building, the abode of the giant Utyarllui Luki ; 
< ut, out, + garthr, a yard: see garth* and iim-il. 
Cf. Midgard.] In Sea ltd. mtjtli., the abode of the 
giants; the realm of Utgard-Loki. 
Utia (u'ti-jl), >i. [Also /<; W. Ind.] A West 
Indian octodont rodent of the genus Capromys. 
Utilet (u'til), a. [< F. utile = Sp. Pg. util = It. 
iilili; < L. iitilix, serviceable, useful, < uti, use: 
see use 1 .] Useful; profitable; beneficial. 
The boke of Nurture for men, seruauntes, and chyldren, 
with Staiis puer ad raensam, newly corrected, very vtyle 
and necessary vnto all youth. 
Habeas Book (E. E. T. S.), p. Ixxxvii. 
utilisable, utilisation, etc. See utili:alle, etc. 
utilitarian (u-til-i-ta'ri-an), a. and n. [< util- 
ity + -arian. Cf. F. utilitaire.] I. a. Consist- 
ing in or pertaining to utility ; having regard 
to utility rather than beauty and the like; spe- 
cifically, making the greatest good of the great- 
est number the prime consideration. See the 
quotations. 
It was lu the winter of 1822-23 that I formed the plan 
of a little society, to he composed of young men agree- 
ing in fundamental principles acknowledging Utility as 
their standard in ethics and politics. . . . The fact would 
hardly be worth mentioning, but for the circumstance that 
the name I gave to the society I had planned was the 
Utilitarian Society. It was the first time that any one 
had taken the title of utilitarian, and the term made its 
way into the language from this humble source. I did 
not invent the word, but found it in one of Gait's novels, 
"The Annals of the Parish." J. S. Mill. 
The pursuit of such happiness is taught by the utilita- 
rian philosophy, a phrase used by Bentham himself in 
1802, and therefore not invented by Mr. J. S. Mill, as he 
supposed, in 1823. Encyc. Brit., II. 676. 
II. . One who holds the doctrine of utili- 
tarianism. 
I told my people that I thought they had more sense 
than to secede from Christianity to become Utilitarians ; 
for that it would be a confession of ignorance of the faith 
they deserted, seeing that it was the main duty inculcated 
by our religion to do all in morals and manners to which 
the newfangled doctrine of utility pretended. 
Gait, Annals of the Parish (1821), xxxv. 
utilitarianism (u-til-i-ta'ri-an-izm), n. [< utili- 
tarian + -ism.'] The doctrine that the greatest 
happiness of the greatest number should be 
the sole aim of all public action, together with 
the hedonistic theory of ethics, upon which this 
doctrine rests. Utilitarianism originated with the 
marquis Cesare Boncsana Beccaria (1735-93), but its great 
master was Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). He held that 
the sole possible rational motive is the expectation of 
pleasure, as measured by the intensity, propinquity, and 
duration of the pleasure, and the strength of the expec- 
tation. Utilitarian ethics, however, does not insist that 
such considerations need or ought to determine action in 
special cases, but only that the rules of morals should 
be founded upon them. These views greatly, and advan- 
tageously, intlueuced ethical thought and legislation in 
France, England, and the United States. 
utilitarianize (u-til-i-ta'ri-an-iz), v. t.; pret. 
and pp. utilitariaiiized, ppr. utilitarianizing. 
[< utilitarian + -ize.] To act as a utilitarian 
toward; cause to serve a utilitarian purpose. 
[Rare.] 
Matter-of-fact people, . . . who utttitarianize every- 
thing. Mrs. C. Meredith, My Home in Tasmania. 
Utility (u-til'i-ti), n. ; pi. utilities (-tiz). [< ME. 
utilitee, tttyliie, < OF. utilite, F. utilite = Sp. 
utilidad = Pg. utilidade =r It. utilitd, < L. 
utilita(t-)s, usefulness, serviceableness, profit, 
< utilis, useful : see utile.} 1. The character of 
being useful; usefulness; profitableness; the 
state of being serviceable or conducive to some 
desirable or valuable end. 
Rootes smale of noon utilitee 
Cutte of for lettyng of fertilitee. 
Palladium, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 79. 
By utility is meant that property in any object whereby 
it tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or 
happiness. Jevons, Pol. Econ., p. 42. 
An undertaking of enormous labour, and yet of only 
very partial utility. 
Fitzedward Hall, Modern English, p. 36. 
2. Use; profit. 
That money growyng of suche talagis be in the kepyng 
of iiii. sad men and trewe, and that to be chosen, and out 
of their kepyng for necessites and vtylites of the same 
cite, and not odur wyse to be spent. 
Arnold's Chron. (1502), p. C. 
3. A useful thing. 
What we produce, or desire to produce, is always as II 
Say rightly terms it, an utility. Labour is not creative of 
objects, but of utilities. J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., I. iii. 1. 
Particular utility!. See particular. Responsible 
Utility. See responsible. =Syn. 1. Advantage, Benefit, etc. 
See advantage and benefit. 
0678 
Utility-man (u-til'i-ti-man), n. In tlicat. linnj., 
an actor of the smallest parts in a play. A 
supernumerary is called a iitilitii-ntan, or is said 
to have gone into the "utility," when he has a 
part with words given him. 
Utilizable (u'ti-li-za-bl), a. [< utilize + -able.] 
Capable of being utilized. Also spelled /</is- 
n/,1,: 
utilization (u"ti-li-za'shon), n. [< utilize + 
-atifi.~\ The act of utilizing or turning to ac- 
count, or the state of being utilized. Also 
spelled utilisation. 
A man of genius, but of genius that evaded utilization. 
Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 63. 
utilize (u'ti-liz), t'. t.; pret. and pp. utilized, ppr. 
iitilizini/. [= F. utiliscr = Sp. Pg. utilizar = It. 
utilizzare; as utile + -ize.] To turn to profitable 
account or use ; make useful ; make use of : as, 
to utilize a stream for driving machinery. Also 
spelled utilise. 
A variety of new compounds and combinations of words 
[are contained in Barlow's "Columbiad"] ... as, toutil- 
ise; to vagrate, &c. Edinburyh Rev., XV. 28. 
In the Edinburgh Eeview for 1809 . . . exception is 
taken to ... utilize. . . . Utilize, a word both useful 
and readily intelligible, was very slow in becoming nat- 
uralized. Fitzedward Hall, Modern English, p. 128. 
Utilizer (u'ti-li-zer), n. [< utilize + -cr 1 .] One 
who or that which utilizes. Also spelled util- 
iser. 
ut infra (ut in'fra). [L. : ut, as; infra, below: 
see infra-.] As below. 
uti possidetis (u'ti pos-i-de'tis). [L. : uti = 
ut, as; possidetis, 2d p,ers. sing. pres. ind. of 
possidere, possess : see possess.'] 1. An inter- 
dict of the civil law by which a person who was 
in possession of an immovable was protected 
against any disturbance of his possession. It 
could also be used where there was a suit pending about 
the title, in order to determine with whom the possession 
should remain during the suit. Only the possessor animo 
domini was protected, except in a few cases where the 
protection of the interdict was extended to certain per- 
sons who had the mere physical possession. The ques- 
tion of good faith was as a rule unimportant, except 
that if the possession had been acquired by force, or by 
stealth, or as a mere precarium from the defendant, the in- 
terdict could not be used against him, but the defendant 
could not object that the possession had been acquired 
in this way from a third person. This interdict and the 
corresponding one for movables were called retinendee 
possession (for retaining possession), as they were granted 
(except in some cases, about which the commentators dif- 
fer) only to pel-sons who had not lost their possession, but 
had merely been disturbed in it. 
2. In international law, the basis or principle 
of a treaty which leaves belligerent parties in 
possession of what they have acquired by their 
arms during the war. 
utist, >' See utas. 
utlagaret, [< ML. utlagaria, outlawry: see 
outlawry.] Outlawry. 
And anon as the seide utlagare was certyfyed, my Lord 
Tresorer graunted the seid vij. c. marc to my Lord of Norf- 
folk, for the arrerag of hys sowde qeyl he was in Scotland. 
Paston Letters, I. 41. 
utlandt, i>. and a. Same as outland. 
utlaryt, utlauryt, [< ML. "utlaria, utlagaria, 
outlawry: see outlawry.] Outlawry. Camden, 
Remains, Surnames. 
utlegationt(ut-le-ga'shon), n. [FoT*utlagation, 
< ML. utla(]atio(n-), < utlagare, outlaw: see out- 
law, v.~\ The act of outlawing; outlawry. S. 
Sutler, Hudibras, III. i. 205. 
utmost (ut'most), a. and n. [< ME. utmest, ute- 
mest, utemseste, outemeste, < AS. utemest, ytmest, 
ytemest, < ut, out, -f double superl. suffix -m-est: 
see out and -most. Cf. outmost, a doublet of ut- 
most; cf. also uttermost.] I. a. superl. 1. Being 
at the furthest point or extremity or bound; 
furthest; extreme; last. 
Take you off his utmost weed, and beholde the comeli- 
nesse, beautie, and riches which lie hid within his inward 
sense and sentence. HoMuyfs Voyaget, To the Reader. 
Many wise men have miscarried in praising great de- 
signes before the utmost event. 
Milton, Apology for Smectymnuus. 
A white gull flew 
Straight toward the utmost boundary of the East 
S. W. Gilder, New Day, Prelude. 
2. Of the greatest or highest degree, number, 
quantity, or the like : as, the utmost assiduity ; 
the utmost harmony; the utmost misery or hap- 
piness. 
I'll . . . undertake to bring him 
Where he shall answer, by a lawful form, 
In peace, to his utmost peril. 
Shalt., Cor., iii. 1.326. 
Many haue done their utmost best, sincerely and truly, 
according to their conceit, opinion, and vnderstanding. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's True Travels, II. 10!*. 
He showed the utmost aversion to business. 
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., Ii. 2. 
utricle 
II. n. The extreme limit or extent. 
This night I'll know the utmost of my fate. 
Webster, White Devil, v. 4. 
Hints and glimpses, germs and crude essays at a system, 
is the utmost they pretend to. 
Lamb, Imperfect Sympathies. 
To do one's utmost, to do all one can. 
Bigoted and intolerant Protestant legislators did their 
little utmost to oppress their Roman Catholic fellow-sub- 
jects, even in Ireland. 
Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, II. 132. 
Utopia (u-to'pi-a), . [= F. Utopie ,; < NL. Uto- 
pia (see def . ). lit. ' Nowhere,' < Gr. oi, no, not, + 
roVof, place, spot.] 1. An imaginary island, de- 
scribed by Sir Thomas More in a work entitled 
"Utopia,"' published in 1516, as enjoying the 
utmost perfection in law, politics, etc. Hence 
2. [I. c.] A place or state of ideal perfection. 
Unionists charged Socialism with incoherent raving 
about impossible Utopias, whilst doing nothing practical 
to protect any single trade. 
Nineteenth Cmtury, XXVI. 725. 
3. Any imaginary region. 
Some say it [the Phoenix] liveth in Aethiopia, others in 
Arabia, some in Aegypt, others in India, and some I thinke 
in Utopia, for such must that be which is described by 
Lactantius that is, which neither was singed in the com- 
bustion of Phaeton, or overwhelmed by the inundation of 
Deucalion. Sir 7. Brmene, Vulg. En-., iii. 12. 
4. In entom., a geuus of coleopterous insects. 
Thomson, 1864. 
Utopian (u-to'pi-an ), a. and n. [< Utopia + -an.] 
1. a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling Uto- 
pia. 2. [I. c.] Founded upon or involving 
imaginary or ideal perfection ; chimerical. 
Utopian parity is a kind of government to lie wished for, 
rather than effected. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 64. 
3. [I. c.] Belonging to no locality: as, "titular 
and Utopian bishops," Singham, Antiquities, 
iv. 6. 
II. n. 1. An inhabitant of Utopia. 
Such subtile opinions as few but Utopians are likely to 
fall into we in this climate do not greatly fear. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity. 
2. [/. c.] One who forms or favors schemes sup- 
posed to lead to a state of perfect happiness, 
justice, virtue, etc. ; an ardent but impractical 
political or social reformer; an optimist. 
Utopianism (u-to'pi-an-izm), . [< Utopian + 
-ism.] The characteristic views or bent of mind 
of a Utopian; ideas founded on or relating to 
ideal social perfectibility ; optimism. 
Utopianism : that is another of the devil's pet words. I 
believe the quiet admission which we are all of us so ready 
to make, that because things have long been wrong, it is 
impossible they should ever be right, is one of the most 
fatal sources of misery and crime. 
Rusicin, Architecture and Painting, ii. 
utopianizer (u-to'pi-an-I-zer), . [< Utopian + 
-iz-er.] Same as Utopian, n., 2. Souihey, The 
Doctor, ccxli. Also spelled utopianiser. [Bare.] 
utopiast (u-to'pi-ast), n. [< Utopia + -ast.] A 
Utopian. [Rare.] 
But it is the weakness of Utopiasts of every class to place 
themselves outside the pale of their own system. 
Westminster Jtev., CXXVII. 130. 
utopicalt (u-top'i-kal), a. [< Utopia (see Utopia) 
+ -ic-al] ' Utopian. Bp. Ball, Works, II. 368. 
utopism (u'to-pizm), n. [< utopia 4- -ism.] 
Utopianism. [Rare.] 
It is utopism to believe that the state will have more 
unity, more harmony, more patriotism, because you have 
suppressed the family and property. Cyc. Pol. Set., III. 258. 
utopist (u'to-pist), n. [< Utopia + -ist.] A 
Utopian ; an optimist. 
Like the utoptetx of modern days, Plato has developed 
an a priori theory of what the State should be. 
G. H. Lewes, History of Philosophy (ed. 1880), I. 278. 
Utraquism (u'tra-kwizm), . [< L. utraque, 
neut. pi. of uttrque, both, one and the other, 
also each, either (< uter, each, either (see whe- 
tlierl), + -</, and), + -ism.] The doctrines of 
the Utraquists or Calixtines, whose chief tenet 
was that communicants should partake in both 
kinds (that is, of the cup as well as of the bread) 
in the Lord's Supper. See Calixtinel. 
Utraquist (u'tra-kwist), n. [< Utraqu(ism) + 
-ist.] One of the Calixtines, or conservative 
Hussites. See Calixtinel. 
Utrecht velvet. See velvet. 
utricle (u'tri-kl), n. [< F. utricule, < L. utri- 
culvs, a little leather bag or bottle, also (only 
in Pliny) a hull or husk of grain, a bud or caly- 
cle of a flower, the abdomen of bees, a little 
uterus (confused with uterus, womb), dim. of 
uter, a leather bag or bottle.] 1. A small sac, 
cyst, bag, or reservoir of the body ; an ordinary 
histological cell. 2. The common sinus of the 
inner ear; the larger of two sacs in the vesti- 
