It 
! 
- ! 
valr 
Anil nytln-ni- ti.lii-iM In- i-s hro!:hti>als It w.in- :i pry-nee, 
ami llappcll witll l\l III- I..b* Upp..lll- llJMH' yllrwr .]- 
furrfili- with nn/iv ami tin- i,'r\M. 
.l/.s' l.i,ir;ln \. i. 17, f. IMs. (IliiUiin-ll.) 
Tint I was strong ;uit w is, 
Alit Wei i ili / 
Jtel. Antiij.tnt Wright uinl llalliuill, 1M1), I. |-.'l 
fill ami i-iiir no nii'l-i- I Hear, 
Nor tllull tin- rrirnsi.n hlir. ri 
.s-c'rfJ. I.. i>f the I,., Iv. 1 
2. In ACT., one of the fii i-s. SIT Inn-Inn-, '2. 
is repr-i-seritt-il as in tin- Hlirstrat i"ii, 
i-\i-i-pl that tin* MlllilliiT "f l-i'WS is ni't 
pn-llivcly llxi-il. (' pan- ,,,<. 
Vair6(va-ni'). " I Heraldic !'., 
< niir, vail". SIT niii: ] In Ace., 
composed of divisions likr t hose 
of vair, but of other tim-tni-es 
than of a/ni-c uinl urgent: as, 
ruin'- or and gules. According to Vair. 
some writers, there must ho more than 
two tinctures for Instance, four. The tinctures must he 
iiiuiitliiin-il in tin- blazon: as, vairt table, anjeiil, yaln, and 
ur. Also vairy, ve.rrf, verry, vcrrey. 
vaire (var), a. Same as ruin'. 
vairy (var'i), <t. Same as ruin'-. 
vaisellet, An old spelling of ressel. 
Vaishnava (vish'na-v-a), H. [Skt. 
Vislinu, Vislinu: see PfMMM.] Literally, a wor- 
shiper of Vislinu. The Valshnavas form one of the 
great divisions Into which the adherents of Brahmanisin 
are divided, characterized by belief in the supremacy of 
Vishnu over other gods. Thin division is again broken up 
into many subordinate sects. 
Vaisya (vis'yii). n. [< Skt. vaiei/a, < vif, settler, 
clansman.] A member of the third caste among 
the Hindus that is to say, of the main body of 
the Aryan people, as distinguished on the one 
hand from the priestly and noble classes, the 
Brahmans and Kshatriyas, and on the other 
hand from the subjugated aborigines, the Su- 
dras and others, and from degraded outcasts. 
In modern times they are divided into many 
sub-castes. 
vaivode, vaivodeship, . See voivode, etc. 
vakass, . [Armenian.] In the Armenian 
Church, a oucharistic vestment, semicircular in 
shape and usually of metal, having a breast- 
plate attached to it, on which are the names, 
heads, or figures of the twelve apostles. It is 
put on after the miter, stlcharlon, stole (urar), girdle, and 
epimanikia, and before the chasuble (churchar). It is put 
on over the head, afterward let down on the neck and 
shoulders, and fastened with a gold chain. It is also 
known as the cphod, and Is supposed to be an inheritance 
from the Jewish ephod. Some authorities identify it 
with the Western amice. Also vayat. 
vake (vak), v. i. ; pret. and pp. vaked, ppr. rak- 
ing. [Also raik, vaich; < OF. vaquer = Sp. Pg. 
rdcar = It. vucare, < L. vacare, be empty or va- 
cant: see vacant, vacate.'] To be vacant or un- 
occupied; become vacant. [Scotch.] 
vakeel, vakil (va-keT), . [< Hind, vakil, < 
Ar. rakil, an advocate.] In the East Indies, an 
ambassador or special commissioner residing 
at a court; a native attorney or deputy. 
Viziers, vakeel*, sirdars, zemindars, generals, captains, 
potentates, and powers followed in succession, each with 
his nuzzur and his salaam, whilst the master of the cere- 
monies recited their titles in a loud, even-toned voice. 
W. H. fttuwll, Diary in India, II. 247. 
Valaisan (va-la'sau), a. [< Palais (see def.) + 
-.] Of or pertaining to Valais, a canton in 
the southern part of Switzerland. 
valance, valence 1 (varans, -ens), . [Early 
mod. E. also vallancc, valcns ; < ME. valance, val- 
ence, prob. < Faience, in France, still famous for 
silks (cf. Valenciennes lace, so called from Valen- 
ciennes, in France), < L. Valentia, lit. ' strength', 
< valen( t-)s, ppr. of i'a/ere,be strong: see valiant, 
rn leu tia.] 1. A kind of damask used for furni- 
ture-coverings, made of silk, or silk and wool. 
Also Valentin, ralenciii. 
One covering for a fleldc bedde of green and patent. 
Unton Inventories (ed. Nichols), p. 4. 
2. A short curtain used upon a bedstead, or 
in some similar way, either around the frame 
upon which the mattress rests (a base-raliince), 
or around the head of the canopy (a tester-val- 
ance). 
A douhble valance aboiite the herce, both aboue and by- 
neith, with his worde and his devise written therine. 
Booke of Precedence (E. E. T. S., extra ser.X i. 30. 
Now is Allmnos marriage-bed new hung 
With fresh rich i-urtaines 1 Now are my valence up, 
Imbost with orierrt pearle. 
Manton, What you Will, III. 1. 
(The sense in the following passage Is uncertain. 
< > li-nhis ryding in his chevauche, 
Fro Venus valance mighte his paleys se. 
Chaucer, Complaint of Mars, I. 145.] 
valance, valence 1 (vnl'ans, -ens), -. t. [< '/- 
Knee, a.] To furnish or decorate with a valance: 
6687 
figuratively used in the quotation for 'to dceo- 
r.-ili- with 11 beard.' 
Thy face IB mluiic'd since I saw thee last 
Shak., Hamlet, li. >. 442. 
Valanchet (vii-lain-h').". [Also m/// </i; :i dial, 
ajihi-l H- f"nn o I ' ur, il, nii-lii .\ An avalanche. 
111. "//</"/. \\ hi. 1 1 ..vi-rwhelins a whole village was at 
lir-l Inn a little -ii,, ball. 
If. Tunlnr, suni-y ..f cJi-nnan I'oetry, II. 466. (Varna.) 
The Kr'i-at . i :...-.. -i ..f travelling here when the sun Is up 
pi, ..-.-.-. I in. in what they call the mlanchet. 
Smollett, France and Italy, xxxvlil. 
Valdenses, Valdensian. Same as H"iW/ *, 
\\ Illtll'IIXtlllt . 
vale 1 (vsil), H. |< MK. ml,; nil, < UK. (and I-'.) 
ral = I'r. nil. nilli = Cat. vail = Sp. Pg. It. 
nille, < L. i-iillis, a vale; connections uncertain. 
Hence lilt. vatl<</, unile, antlnm-li,-, i-inl'-*.] 1. 
A tract of low ground between hills; a valley: 
little used except in poetry. See valley. 
An.l wbt-n thaire fasc war thus for-done, 
To the mle of ebron come thai tone. 
Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.\ p. 73. 
Along the cool sequestered vale of life 
Tlrry ki pi the noiseless tenor of their way. 
Uray, Elegy. 
I pity people who weren't born in a mle. I don't mean 
a flat country, but a vale ; that Is, a flat country bounded 
by hills. T. Hwjha, Tom Brown at Rughy, I. 1. 
2. A little trough or canal : as, a pump-rote to 
carry off the water from a ship's pump. =Syn. 1. 
Dale. etc. See valley. 
vale'-'t, . See vail 3 . 
vale :i (va'le), interj. [< L. vale, impv. of valere, 
be strong, be well: see valid, vuliatit.~} Fare- 
well; adieu. Also used substantively. 
I remember that once heretofore I wrote unto you a vale 
or a farewell upon conjecture. 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 185. 
valediction (val-e-dik'shon), H. [< ML. "ro/e- 
</i<-tin(ii-), < L. valedicere, pp. t-aledictux, say 
farewell, < rale, farewell (impv. of ralerc, be 
well, be strong: see vale 3 ), + dicere, say: see 
diction. Cf. benediction, maledictiun.] A fare- 
well ; a bidding farewell. 
When he went forth of his colledge ... he alwayes 
took this solemn mledMiau of the fellowes. 
Fuller, Worthies, Shropshire, III. 60. 
Their last valediction, thrice uttered by the attendants, 
was also very solemn. Sir T. Browne, t'rn-burial, Iv. 
valedictorian (val'e-dik-to'ri-an), ii. [< vale- 
dictory + -an.'] In American colleges and 
some academies and high schools, the student 
who pronounces the valedictory oration at the 
annual commencement or graduating exercises 
of his class : usually chosen as the scholar bear- 
ing the highest rank in the graduating class, as 
the best representative, for various reasons, of 
the whole class, or as otherwise worthy of spe- 
cial distinction. 
valedictory (val-e-dik'to-ri), a. and . [< NL. 
as if 'raledictorius, < L. valedictns, pp. of valc- 
dicere, say farewell: see valediction.} I. a. 
Bidding farewell; pertaining or relating to a 
leave-taking or bidding adieu; farewell: as, a 
valedictory speech. 
II. . ; pi- ralcdictoric/i(-riz). A farewell ora- 
tion or address (sometimes in Latin), spoken 
at graduation in American colleges and other 
institutions by one of the graduating class, 
usually by the one who has the highest rank. 
Compare valedictorian. 
The valedictory, of course, came last, and I felt rather 
awkward In rising to declaim my stilted Latin phrases 
before an audicrrce which had been stirred by such vigor- 
ous English. Jotiah Quincy, Figures of the 1'ast, p. 60. 
valence 1 , and r. See valance. 
valence 2 (va'lens), H. [< LL. valentia, strength, 
< ralcn(t-)g, strong, ppr. ot valere, be strong: 
see valiant, valid.] 1. In chem., the relative 
saturating or combining capacity of an atom 
compared with the standard hydrogen atom; 
the quality or force which determines the num- 
ber of atoms with which any single atom will 
chemically unite. The original statementof the law 
of valence was that each atom could combine with a certain 
definite number of hydrogen atoms, or with an equivalent 
number of atoms of any other element, and that this num- 
ber was fixed and unalterable. This number expressed 
the valence, which was a constant, an invariable property 
of the element. For example, one atom of phosphorus 
combines with three atoms of chlorin, forming phosphorus 
trlchlorld. As the chlorin atom is univalent, phosphorus 
appears to be trivalent. Hut in phosphorus pentachlorid 
one atom of phosphorus combines with five of chlorin. and 
therefore phosphorus in this case appears quinquivalent. 
In view of facts like these it is held by some author itir-< 
that the valence of an element is a varying quality de- 
pnnling on the nature of the other combining atoms, 
temperature, etc. By others ralence is assumed to be in* 
variable, but the total valence is not always exhibited or 
Valentinian 
in force. Also called vat' "', and, ICM prop- 
erly, - 
2. In liinl.: I'M Form vain.-: morphological 
vnliii- in- i-<|iiivali-ncy. See mm/iliii-. </,) In 
C'li'il., laMiiiniiiii- Viilui- or ei|iiiv:ilein-v ; cl.-issili- 
i-atorv ifi-nde or rank of a xoiilngii-al ^roiip. 
Valencia (va-len'slii-a). . [See i-nliniei. J 1. 
S:iin, ii-. i;i/<nice, 1. 2. A linen cloth n-i-ni- 
bling piijiii'-, nscil for waistcoats, i-tc. 
valencianite i vn-l-iiVhi-an-it i, . | f 
IIIKI (see del'. ) +' -He-.] In uinii nil., a varn-t> 
of orllioehisi- 1'i-lil-par. very similar to the adu- 
loria of the Alp-, found at the silver-mine of 
Vali-nciana, M'-\ico. 
Valencia raisins. Knisins prepared by dipping 
the ripe bunches of grapes into a hot lye made 
of wood-aHbes, oil, and salt, and then .lr\ m- 
them in the sun. Itaisiim of the best i|iiality, 
known as Malaga or Muscatel, an- drieil ],\ the 
sun on the vine. Also called briefly 1'nlrnriun. 
See raisin, 2. 
Valenciennes (va-Ion-si-enz'), . [< rn '. - 
i-iiiiex.'in France.] 1. A rich variety of lace made 
at Valenciennes, France. See lart. 2. A pyro- 
technic composition, usually employed as in- 
cendiary False Valenciennes lace. See lore. 
valency (va'len-si), H.: pi. niliin-iiK -(-si/). [As 
ra/cwce'- 8 (seeVy).] 1. Same us rnlruci't, 1. 
2. A single unit of combining capacity. TlniK. 
carbon is said to have four riilniri,.*. 
Valenginian (val-en-jin'i-an), . [< I'lilniiiin 
(see def.) + -ian.] In fleot., in the nomencla- 
ture of the French and Belgian geologists, the 
name of the lower division of the Neocomian : 
so called from Valengin, near Neuchatel. 
valentia 1 (va-len'shi-a), n. Same as Valencia, 
valance, 1. 
Valentia 2 (va-len'shi-tt), n. [NL. (SUM, 1865).] 
A genus of hemipterous insects. 
valentine (val'en-tin), H. [< ME. 'valentine, 
volontyn, < OF. valantin, in., ralantine, f., a 
young man or woman betrothed, according to 
a rural custom, on the first Sunday in Lent, the 
promise being annulled if the young man failed 
to give the young woman a present or an en- 
tertain meut'bef ore Mid-Lent (Roquefort) ; per- 
haps < "volant, a var. of galant, gallant (see 
gallant), but popularly identified with the name 
of St. Valentine (< ME. Falentt/ne,<OF. Valentin 
= Sp. Valentin = Pg. Valentim = It. Valentino 
= G. Sw. Dan. Valentin = D. Velten, Valrntijn, 
< L. ValentiHtm, a man's name, < vaU-n(t-)s, ppr. 
of valere, be strong: see valiant, valid), on whose 
day the choice of valentines came to be made 
(see def.).] 1. A sweetheart or choice made 
on St. Valentine's day. This name is derived from 
St. Valentine, to whom February 14th is sacred. It was a 
very old notion, alluded to by Shakspere, that on this day 
birds bi-gtn to mate: "For this was on seynt Valentines 
day, Whan every brid cometh ther to chese his make." 
Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 310. 
Thow it be ale other wyn 
(Jodys blescyng have he and myn 
My none [mine own] gentyl Volontyn 
Oood T'omas the frere. 
MS. Harl. 1735, f. 48. (HaUimU.) 
To-morrow is St. Valentine's day. 
All in the morning betime, 
And I a maid at your window, 
To be your Valentine. 
Shot., Hamlet, IT. 5. 51. 
Tell me 
What man would satisfy thy present fancy 
Had thy ambition leave to choose a Valentine. 
B. Jonmn, Tale of a Tub, I. 4. 
I am also this year my wife's Valentine, and it will cont 
me A/.; but that I must have laid out if we had not been 
Valentinr>. Pepu>, Diary, Feb. 14, 1686. 
2. A letter or missive sent by one person to 
another of the opposite sex on St. Valentine's 
day ; a written or printed or painted missive of 
an amatory or a satirical kind, generally sent 
anonymously. The sentimental class are often highly 
ornamental and expensive productions, usually bearing 
pretty pictures on the subject of courtship or matrimony: 
the comic class are generally coarse and vulgar produc- 
tions, usually with caricatures of the human fonn depicted 
on them, and are often meant to reflect on the personal ap- 
pearance, habits, character, etc., of the recipient. 
Valentinian (val-en-tin'i-an), a. and . [< LL. 
fiilcntiniaiiiix. < L. Valentinux (see def., and cf. 
ralentinr) + -i-<in.] I. a. Of or pertaining to 
Valentinus or the Valentinians. 
II. n. A follower of Valentinus, of the sec- 
ond century, the founder of the most influential 
and best-known of the Gnostic systems. Valen- 
tiniis was said to have received his doctrines Irom a pupil 
of the apostle Paul, and also by direct revelation. He as- 
serted that from the First Great Cause successively ema- 
nait il thirty eons, male and female, from the last of which. 
Wisdom, proceeded a being who waa the creator of the 
world. I'hrlst and the Holy Spirit were two eons later 
created, and Jesus emanated from all the eons ; and the 
