vascular 
up in part of vascular tissue or vessels. They compose 
the Kpermiiphiita, or ordinary flowering plants, and the 
Pttridnphyta, or vascular cryptogams (see above) : some- 
times technically called Vascidares (which see). Vascu- 
lar Stimulant, a remedy which accelerates the flow of 
Wood through the vessels. Vascular system. See def . 
1 and system. Vascular tissue, (a) Any tissue perme- 
ated with blood-vessels, or other vessels large enough to 
convey blood-disks or lymph-corpuscles. (6) .See vasalium. 
(c) In hot., tissue composed of vessels or ducts ; the flbrovas- 
cular system. Vascular tonic, a remedy which causes 
contraction of the finer blood-vessels. Vascular tumor. 
In) An aneurism. (6) A tumor composed chiefly of an ag- 
glomeration of dilated terminal blood-vessels, (c) A tumor 
which contains an abnormally large number of blood-ves- 
sels, bleeding profusely on the slightest injury, (dt) Bleed- 
ing internal hemorrhoids. Water-vascular system. 
See water-vascular. 
Vasculares (vas-ku-la'rez), n. pi. [NL., pi. of 
Li. vascularis, vascular: see vascular."] In De 
Candolle's system of classification (1818), a 
name given to that division of the vegetable 
kingdom more usually called Phanerogamia or 
Phsenogamia, including also the Pteridophyta, 
or ferns and their allies, and so named from the 
presence of vascular tissue, which is wanting in 
all lower cryptogams. Compare Cellulares. 
vascularity (vas-ku-lar'i-ti), n. [< vascular + 
-ity.~\ The character or condition of being vas- 
cular. 
vascularization (vas'ku-lar-i-za'shon), . [< 
vascularize + -ation.] The process of becom- 
ing vascular, as by the formation of new blood- 
vessels. 
vascularize (vas'ku-lar-Iz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
vascularized, ppr. v'asiiularizing. [< vascular + 
-ize.~\ To render vascular. Micros. Science, 
XXXI. 168. 
vascular ly ( vas'ku-lar-li), adv. . So as to be vas- 
cular; by means of vessels ; as regards the vas- 
cular system. 
The conclusion is drawn that "multiple buds, one 
springing from another and being vascularly connected 
therewith, ought to be considered as normal ramifica- 
tions." Nature, XLII. 216. 
vasculiform (vas'ku-li-form), a. [< L. vas- 
culum, a small vessel, + forma, form.] In 
bot., having the form of a vessel like a flower- 
pot. 
vasculomotor (vas'ku-lo-mo'tor), a. [< L. vas- 
culum, a small vessel, +' motor," mover.] Same 
as vasomotor. 
vasculose (vas'ku-los), a. and n. [= F. vascu- 
leux = Sp. vasculoso = It. vascoloso, < NL. *vas- 
culosus, < L. vasculum, a small vessel : see vascu- 
lum.] I. a. Same as vascular. 
II. n. In chem., the substance constituting 
the principal part of the vessels of plants. 
vasculum (vas'ku-lum), n.; pi. vascula (-la). 
[NL., < L. vasculum, a small vessel, the seed- 
capsule of certain plants, LL. also a small bee- 
hive, dim. of L.vas, a vessel: see vase, vessel.] 1. 
A botanist's case or box for carrying specimens 
as he collects them. It is usually made of tin, and is 
about 18 inches long, oval-cylindrical in cross-section, be- 
ing 6 inches wide and 4 inches deep, with a simple cover 
opening for nearly the whole length. 
2. In bot., same as asuidiwm, 2. 3. In anat. : 
(a) A small vessel; a vas. (6) The penis. 
vase (vas or vaz), n. [Formerly also vause, ear- 
lier as L., in the pi. v asa, used with added E. pi., 
vasa's; = D. vaas = Gr. rase = Dan. vase = Sw. 
vas, < F. vase, OF. vase, vaze = Sp. Pg. vaso = 
It. vase, vaso, < L. vas, also vasum (rarely vasus), 
pi. vasa, neut., a vessel, also an implement or 
utensil, pi. equipments, baggage; cf. Skt. vasa- 
na, a receptacle, box, basket, jar, vasas, a gar- 
ment, < y 7 vas , put on, clothe (cover) : see vest 
and toeari. Hence ult. vessel, extravasate. Ac- 
cording to the F. pron. (vaz), and to the time 
when the word vase appears to have been taken 
into E. (between 1660 and 1700), the reg. E. 
pron. would be vaz, with a tendency to make it 
conform to the apparent analogy of base, case, 
etc. that is, to pronounce it vas. At the same 
time, the recency of the word, andits association 
with art, have tended to encourage the attempts 
to pronounce it as F., namely vaz, in the 18th 
century absurdly rendered also as vaz, the word 
being found accordingly in the spelling vause. 
In the latter part of the 18th century the word 
was pronounced vas by Sheridan, Scott, Ken- 
rick, Perry, Buchanan, vaz by Walker (who 
says he has "uniformly heard it pronounced" 
so), Smith, Johnston, and vaz by Elphinston, 
the last pronunciation, vaz, being used, accord- 
ing to Walker, "sometimes by people of refine- 
ment ; but this, being too refined for the general 
ear, is now but seldom heard" (though Ellis 
says (in 1874) that it is the most familiar to him) . 
The pron. vaz, now affected by many, is a more 
successful attempt to imitate the present F. 
6704 
pronunciation. In the 18th century the sound 
a in foreign words, except before >, was almost 
always rendered a by English speakers (cf. *IHI, 
often written spate, pron. spa, G. ja, written 
yaw (ya), etc.).] 1. Ahollow vessel, generally 
high in proportion to its horizontal diameter, 
and decorative in character and purpose. The 
term is sometimes restricted to such vessels when made 
without covers and without handles, or with two equal 
and symmetrical 
handles; but in 
the widest sense, 
as in speaking of 
Greek and other 
ancient vases, ves- 
sels of any form 
whatever are in- 
cluded. As a 
branch of art de- 
velopment, by far 
the most impor- 
tant production 
of vases was that 
of the ancient 
Greeks during 
p~ 
.^SESBSiSi^KSES: 
the creative period of 
their art history, for 
many centuries pre- 
vious to 200 B. c. The 
greater part of the 
Greek vases are in fine 
pottery, unglazed, and 
decorated with mono- 
chrome and outline de- 
signs in simple pig- 
ments. They are nota- 
ble not only for the 
great beauty and ap- 
propriateness of much 
of the decoration, 
but for the supreme 
oloronnp nnnttjiInpH Vase. Greek Apodal Dmos, with 
elegance, uimttameu j(s 5land of |ate black . fiKure(1 style . 
among Other peoples, of Found at Orvieto. Total height, in 
a large proportion of stand, 22% inches, in Museum of 
the forms. These Greek Fine Arts, Boston, 
vases were in actual use 
in antiquity, not only as ornaments, but as utensils for 
the various purposes in every-day life. See Greek art 
(under Greek) and vase-painting, and the cuts under the 
names of the different forms of vases, as amphora, crater, 
hydria, oxybaphon, prochoos, stamnos. 
Here were large Iron Vasa's upon Pedestals, the first I 
had seen of the Kind, painted over of a Copper colour. 
Lister, Journey to Paris, p. 188. 
His [Host's] widow also sold [in 1712] . . . "the fine 
Marble Figures and Bustos, curious inlaid Marble Tables, 
Brass and Leaden Figures, and very rich Vauses." 
J. Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, II. 49. 
And, as he flll'd the reeking vase, 
Let fly a rouser in her face. 
Sicift, Strephon and Chloe, p. 10. 
There heroes' wits are kept in pond'rous vases, 
And beaux' in snuff-boxes and tweezer-cases. 
Pope, R. of the L., v. 254. 
A pure, transparent, pale, yet radiant face, 
Like to a lighted alabaster vase. 
Byron, Don Juan, viii. 96. 
Hence 2. An object designed usually for 
ornament, but sometimes for other specific 
purposes, having somewhat the form and ap- 
pearance of the vessel in the primary sense. 
Such vases are often made of marble, or of metal, in an 
antique or pseudo-antique form, and are used to hold 
flowers, to decorate gate-posts, monuments, and the like, 
or are placed on a socle or pedestal, or in a range on an 
architectural parapet, facade, or frontispiece. Compare 
cut under affix. 
Timhs says the Lincoln's Inn Fields house has a hand- 
some stone front, and had formerly vases upon the open 
balustrade. N. and Q., 7th ser., V. 343. 
3. The body of the Corinthian and Composite 
capital: sometimes called tambour or drum. 
The Portland Vase. ! rum photograph of the replica by Wedgwood. 
vase-painting 
Acoustic vase. See acoustic. Alhambra vase, a large 
vase at the Alhambra near Granada, which is a uniqtir 
specimen of pottery, and the finest specimen known of 
the ware of Malaga. Bacchic vase. See Bacchic. 
Barberlnl vase. Same as Portland vase.. Borghese 
vase, a large Greco-Roman vase of white marble with 
bas-reliefs representing the thiasus of Bacchus, preserved 
in the Louvre Museum. CanoplC vases. See Canopie. 
Dionysiac vase. Same as Bacchic vase. Encaustic 
vase. See encaustic. Etruscan vases, a former mis- 
taken name for Greek decorated pottery, due to the dis- 
covery in Etrurian tombs, in the seventeenth century and 
later, of the first examples of these vases to attract at- 
tention in modern times. Mandarin vases. See man- 
darin. Peg-top vase. See peg-top. Pilgrim's vase. 
See pilgrim. Portland vase, a remarkable example of 
Greco-Roman cameo-glass with reliefs in opaque white 
glass upon a ground of dark blue, of somewhat doubtful 
subject, but interpreted as having reference to the myth 
of Peleus and Thetis. This vase, which is 9} inches 
high, is preserved in the British Museum. Also called 
Barberini vase. See cut in preceding column. Pro- 
fumiera vase, a vase for perfumes, arranged with open- 
ings in the cover through which the fragrance can issue. 
Temple vase. See temptei. Triple vase, a group 
of three vases, united by bands of the same material, 
or by being in contact at the lips or otherwise. Such 
vases are often sharply pointed, so that one could not 
stand alone. Tripod vase. See tripod. Unguen- 
tary vase. See unowntory. VaM a jacinthe, an or- 
namental vase to which are attached upon its sides or 
cover receptacles for bulbs of a flowering plant, as the 
hyacinth, the spikes of the flowers seeming to form part 
of the design of the vase. Vase of a theater, in anc. 
arch., same as acoustic vase. Vase of Mitnridates, of 
Ptolemy, or of St. Denis, a vase of agate with carved 
ornament of Bacchic character, preserved in the trea- 
sury of the Abbey of St. Denis, to which it was presented 
by Carloman. It was brought from Italy by Charle- 
magne, and according to tradition belonged to Ptolemy 
XI., the father of Cleopatra, and to Mithridates, king of 
Pontus. 
vase-clock (vas'klok), n. A timepiece having 
the general form of a vase. In the eighteenth cen- 
tury some clocks were made which told the time by means 
of two rings, set one upon another and revolving at dif- 
ferent rates of speed, the one for the hours, the other for 
the minutes. .Such rings were combined with the body of 
a vase, so as to form part of its decoration. 
vaseful (vas'ful), n. [< rase + -ful.~\ The quan- 
tity that a vase will contain. 
This [prostration] was followed by a cup of holy water 
and a present to the Sakkas, or carriers, who for the con- 
sideration distributed a large earthen vaseful in my name 
to poor pilgrims. R. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 391. 
vaseline (vas'e-lin), n. [So named by the pro- 
prietor of the article ; irreg. < G. was(ser), wa- 
ter, + Or. lA(atov), oil, + -iwe 2 .] Same as petro- 
latum. It is a semi-fluid, viscid, nearly colorless, bland, 
and neutral material, and is used in medicine and surgery 
as a vehicle. 
vase-painting (vas'pan"ting), n. The decora- 
tion of vases with pigments of any kind, espe- 
cially the decoration of the pottery of the an- 
cient Greeks, which, unless exceptionally, was 
executed in monochrome tints and outlines in 
unvitrifiable pigments. It is the most important of 
the minor arts of ancient Greece. From the variety and 
domesticity of the subjects treated, Greek vase-painting is 
of the greatest importance for the light shed by it upon 
every phase of ancient life ; and from the art side it is 
equally valuable, not only from the fine decorative and 
creative quality which it frequently shows, but from the 
information which it supplies regarding the great art of 
Greek painting, which has perished. The work bears some- 
thing the relation to the great art that is borne by the comic 
and other illustrated prints to the painting of the present 
day. Historically, after the very ancient kindred styles of 
Asia Minor, the -Egean Islands, and the mainland of Greece 
(as at Mycenfe and Sparta), in which the rude ornament is 
geometric, or based on plants and animals, usually marine, 
with occasional admission of human figures, Greek vase- 
painting may he subdivided into four styles. (1) The 
Dipylon or early Attic style, so called because the first ex- 
amples recognized were found near the Dipylon gate in 
Athens. The ornament is largely geometric, with bands 
of slim and grotesque men and animals, the design be- 
coming freer with the advance of time. (2) The Corin- 
thian style, in which the characteristic feature is the super- 
position of bands of animals and monsters, with rosettes 
and elaborate flowered and fringed borders, the whole fol- 
lowing very closely the Assyrian and Phrygian embroider- 
ies, which were abundantly imported into Greece at this 
early time. (See cut under Corinthian.) The earliest dis- 
tinctively Cypriote vases blend the characteristics of the 
Dipylon and Corinthian styles. (3) The Mai'k-jigurcd style, 
which, though archaic and often rude, has become thor- 
oughly Hellenic. 
The ornament is in 
general black on a 
ground of the nat- 
ural color of the 
pottery, which is 
mostoften dull red, 
sometimes yellow 
or gray. Some de- 
tails of dress, etc., 
are put in purplish 
red ; the flesh of fe- 
male figures is com- 
monly painted in 
white ; occasionally 
bright red, dull 
green, and yellow 
are introduced. (4) 
The rcd-fiyured or 
final style, which 
was developed 
Example of Black-figured Style of Greek- 
Vase-pamling. Hercules seizing the tripod 
of Apollo; from an archaic hydria. 
