vegetaline 
fine powder, then mixed with resin soap, and 
treated with aluminium sulphate to remove the 
soda of the soap, again dried, and pressed into 
cakes. The substance may be made transparent by the 
addition of castor-oil or glycerin before pressing, and can 
be colored as desired. It is used as a substitute for ivory, 
coral, caoutchouc, etc. E. H. Knight. 
vegetality (vej-e-tal'i-ti), 9i.. [< vegetal + -tty.] 
1. Vegetable character or quality; yegetabil- 
ity. 2. The aggregate of physiological func- 
tions, nutritive, developmental, and reproduc- 
tive, which are common to both animals and 
vegetables, but which constitute the sole vital 
processes of the latter. See vegetal, a., 2. 
vegetarian (vej-e-ta'ri-an), a. and n. [< vege- 
t(ablc) + -arian.] I. a" 1. Of, pertaining to, 
or characteristic of those who on principle ab- 
stain from animal food. 2. Consisting entire- 
ly of vegetables. 
The polyprotodont type [of dentition] prevails in the 
American genera ; the diprotodont obtains in the majority 
of the Australasian marsupials, and is associated usually 
with vegetarian or promiscuous diet. 
Owen, Anat. Vert., 220, B. 
II. M. 1. One who maintains that vegeta- 
bles and farinaceous substances constitute the 
only proper food for man. 2. One who ab- 
stains from animal food, and lives exclusively 
on vegetables, together with, usually, eggs, 
milk, etc. Strict vegetarians eat vegetable and 
farinaceous food only, and will not eat butter, 
eggs, or even milk. 
vegetarianism (vej-e-ta'ri-an-izm), 9i. [< vege- 
tarian + -ism.] The theory and practice of 
living solely on vegetables. Thedoctrines and prac- 
tice ofvegetarianism are as old as the time of Pythagoras, 
and have for ages been strictly observed by many of the 
Hindus, as well as by Buddhists and others. 
vegetate (vej'e-tat), v. ; pret. and pp. vegetated, 
ppr. vegetating. [< LL. vegetatus, pp. of vege- 
tare ( > It. vegetare = Sp. Pg. vegetar = F. vegeter, 
grow), enliven, < vegetus, lively, < vegere, move, 
excite, quicken, intr. be active or lively; akin 
to vigere, flourish. The E. sense is imported 
from the related vegetable.] I. intrans. 1. To 
grow in the manner of plants ; fulfil vegetable 
functions. 
A weed that has to twenty summers ran 
Shoots up in stalk, and vegetates to man. 
Farquhar, Beaux' Stratagem, Prol. 
See dying vegetables life sustain, 
See life dissolving vegetate again. 
Pope, Essay on Man, iii. 16. 
Hence 2. To live an idle, unthinking, use- 
less life ; have a mere inactive physical exis- 
tence ; live on without material or intellectual 
achievement. 
The vast empire of China, though teeming with popula- 
tion and imbibing and concentrating the wealth of na- 
tions, has vegetated through a succession of drowsy ages. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 423. 
II. trans. To cause to vegetate or grow. 
[Bare.] 
Drtiina is tax'd abroad of a solecisme in her govern- 
ment, that she should suffer to run into one Grove that 
sap which should go to vegetate the whole Forrest. 
llmcell, Vocall Forrest (ed. 1045), p. 29. 
vegetation (vej-e-ta'shon), n. [< OF. vegeta- 
tion, F. vegetation = Sp. vegetation = Pg. vegcta- 
fSo = It. vegctazione,<, LL. vegetatio(n-), a quick- 
ening, < vegetare, quicken: see vegetate.] 1. 
The act or process of vegetating; the process 
of growing exhibited by plauts. 2. Plants 
collectively: as, luxuriant vegetation. 
Deep to the root 
Of vegetation parch'd, the cleaving fields 
And slippery lawn an arid hue disclose. 
Thomson, Summer, 1. 440. 
3. In pathol, an excrescence or growth on any 
surface of the body.-Vegetation of salts, or sa- 
line vegetation, a crystalline concretion formed by salts, 
after solution in water, when set in the air for evapora- 
tion. These concretions appear round the surface of the 
liquor, affixed to the sides of the vessel, and often assume 
branching forms so as to resemble plants. 
vegetative (vej'e-ta-tiv), . and n. [Early mod. 
E. vegetatife; < OF! vegetatif, F. vegetatif = Sp. 
Pg. It. vegetativo, vegetative, < LL. vegetatus, 
?p. of vegetare, quicken: see vegetate.] I. a. 
. Growing, or having the power of physical 
growth, as plants; of or pertaining to physical 
growth or nutrition, especially in plants. 
The powar or efficacie of growinge ... is called veqe- 
tatife. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, iii. 24. 
We must look at the curious and complex laws govern- 
ing the faculty with which trees can be grafted on each 
other as incidental on unknown differences in their vege- 
tative systems. Darwin, Origin of Species, p. 245. 
2. In animal physiol., noting those functions 
or organs of the body which, being performed 
or acting unconsciously or involuntarily, are 
C710 
likened to the processes of vegetable growth, 
as digestion, circulation, secretion, and excre- 
tion, which are particularly concerned in the 
nutrition or in the growth, waste, and repair 
of the organism: opposed to the specially ani- 
mal functions, as locomotion, cerebration, etc. 
3. Hence, characterized by such physical 
processes only ; lacking intellectual activity ; 
stagnant ; uuprogressive. 
The indolent man descends from the dignity of his na- 
ture, and makes that being which was rational merely 
vegetative. Steele, Spectator, No. 100. 
From the inertness, or what we may term the vegetative 
character, of his ordinary mood, Clifford would perhaps 
have been content to spend one day after another, inter- 
minably, ... in just the kind of life described in the 
preceding pages. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, xi. 
4. Having the power to produce or support 
growth in plants: as, the vegetative properties 
of soil Vegetative reproduction, a form of repro- 
duction in plants by means of cells which are not special- 
ly modified for the purpose, but which form a part of 
the body of the individual. Propagation by cuttings, by 
means of buds, soredia, gemmae, bulbils, etc., are familiar 
examples. See reproduction, 3 (a). 
Il.t " A vegetable. 
Shall I make myself more miserable than the vegetatives 
and brutes? Baxter, Dying Thoughts. 
vegetatively (vej'e-ta-tiv-li), adv. In a vege- 
tative manner. 
vegetativeness (vej'e-ta-tiv-nes), . The 
character of being vegetative, in any sense. 
vegete (vej'et), a. [= Pg. It. vegeto, < L. vege- 
tns, vigorous, brisk: see vegetable, vegetate.] 
Vigorous ; active. [Bare.] 
He [Lucius Cornelius) had lived a healthful and vegete 
age till his last sickness. Jer. Taylor, Holy Dying, iv. 1. 
But would my picture be complete if I forgot that am- 
ple and vegete countenance of Mr. R of W. ? 
LoweU, Study Windows, p. 380. 
vegetivet (vej'e-tiv), a. and n. [< vegete + 
-Hie.] I. a. Vegetative. 
Force vegetiue and sensatiue in Man 
There is. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 13. 
II. n. A vegetable. 
Make us better than those vegetives 
Whose souls die with them. 
Middleton, Massinger, and Rowley, Old Law, i. 1. 
vegeto-alkali (vej'e-to-al'ka-li), n. An alka- 
loid. 
vegeto-animal (vej"e-t6-an'i-mal), a. and n. I. 
a. Partaking of the nature of both vegetable 
and animal matter. Vegeto-animal matter, a 
name formerly applied to vegetable gluten and albumen. 
II. n. An organism of equivocal character 
between a plant and an animal ; a protist. 
vegetOUSt (vej'e-tus), a. [< L. vegetus, vigor- 
ous : see vegete.] Same as vegete. 
If she be fair, young, and vegetoux, no sweetmeats ever 
drew more flies. B. Jonson, Epiccene, ii. 1. 
vehemence (ve'he-mens), 91. [< OF. vehemence, 
F. vehemence = Sp. Pg. vehemcncia = It. ree- 
menza, veemen:ia, < L. vehementia, eagerness, 
strength, < vchemen(t-)s, eager: see vehement.] 
The character or state of being vehement ; the 
energy exhibited by one who or that which is 
vehement. Specifically () Violent ardor; fervor; 
impetuosity ; fire : as, the vehemence of love or affection ; 
the vehemence of anger or other passion. 
Nay, I prithee now with most petitionaiy vehemence, 
tell me who it is. Shale., As you Like it, iii. 2. 200. 
(b) Force or impetuosity accompanying energetic action 
of any kind ; impetuous force ; impetuosity ; boisterous- 
ness ; violence ; f ury : as, the vehemence of wind ; to speak 
with vehemence. 
A universal hubbub wild 
vehmgericht 
2. Acting with great force or energy; ener- 
getic; violent; furious; very forcible. 
Swell not into vehement actions which embroil and con- 
found the earth. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., i. 19. 
Gold will endure a vehement fire for a long time. 
JV. Orew. 
= Syn. Impetuous, fiery, burning, hot, fervid, forcible, 
,~***.m~*j ,. r ~-~. --), adv. In a vehe- 
ment manner; with great force or violence; 
urgently ; forcibly ; ardently ; passionately. 
cu/c = Sp. vehieulo = Pg. vehieulo = It. veicolo, 
vciculo = G. vehikcl (def. 2.), < L. vehieulum, a 
carriage, conveyance, < vehere, carry, = AS. 
wegan. move: see weigh 1 , and cf. //, wagon, 
from the same ult. root.] 1. Any carriage mov- 
ing on land, either on wheels or on runners; a 
conveyance. 2. That which is used as an in- 
strument of conveyance, transmission, or com- 
munication. 
We consider poetry ... as a delightful vehicle for con- 
veying the noblest sentiments. 
Goldsmith, Cultivation of Taste. 
Shakespeare's language is no longer the mere vehicle of 
thought, it has become part of it, its very flesh and blood. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 184. 
Specifically (a) In phar., a substance, usually fluid, pos- 
sessing little or no medicinal action, used as a medium 
for the administration of active remedies; an excipient. 
(!/) In painting, any liquid, whether water, as in water-col- 
or painting, or oil, as in oil-color painting, which is used 
to render colors, varnishes, etc., manageable and fit for 
use. (c) One of two enduements, the one more spiritual 
than the other, with which the soul is clothed, according 
to the Platonists. One corresponds to vital power, the 
other to spirit. 
The vehicles of the genii and souls deceased are much- 
what of the very nature of the aire. 
Dr. H. More, Immortal, of Soul, III. iii. 12. 
Great or greater vehicle, and little or lesser vehicle 
(translations of Sanskrit mahayana and hlnaydna), names 
applied to two phases or styles of exposition of Buddhist 
doctrine a more modern and an older, a more expanded 
and pretentious and a simpler and to the treatises in 
which these are respectively recorded. 
vehicle (ve'hi-kl), v. t.; pret. and pp. vehicled, 
ppr. vehicling. [< vehicle, n.] To convey in or 
apply or impart by means of a vehicle. 
Guard us through polemic life 
From poison vehicled in praise. 
M. Green, The Grotto. 
vehicular (ve-hik'u-lar), a. [< LL. vchicularis, 
< L. vehieulum, & vehicle : see vehicle.] Of, per- 
taining to, or relating to a vehicle or vehicles; 
also, serving as a vehicle: as, vehicular traffic. 
It is on such occasions that the Insides and Outsides, to 
use the appropriate vehicular phrases, have reason to rue 
the exchange of the slow and safe motion of the ancient 
Fly-coaches, which, compared with the chariots of Mr. 
Palmer, so ill deserve the name. 
Scott, Heart of Mid-Lothian, i. 
Vehicular state, the state of a ghost or disembodied 
spirit. 
vehiculate (ve-hik'u-lat), r. t. and i. ; pret. and 
pp. vehiculateil, ppr. vehiculating. [< L. vehieu- 
lum, vehicle, + -te 2 .] To convey by means of 
a vehicle; ride or drive in a vehicle. [Bare.] 
ing in gigs or c 
With loudest vehemence. Milton, P. L., ii. 954. 
= Syn. Force, might, intensity, passion. 
vehemency (ve'he-men-si), n. [As vehemence 
(see -cy).] Same as vehemence. 
The vehemency of this passion 's such, 
Many have died by joying overmuch. 
Times' Whistle (E. E. T. .), p. 94. 
vehement (ve'he-ment), a. [< OF. vehement, 
F. vehement = Sp. Pg. vehemente = It. veemente, 
< L. vehemen(t-)s, sometimes contr. veemen(t-)s, 
vemen(t-)s, very eager, impetuous, ardent, furi- 
ous, appar. < vehere, carry (or *veha, vea, via, 
way?), + men(t-)s, mind: see vehicle and men- 
tal 1 .] 1. Proceeding from or characterized 
by strength, violence, or impetuosity of feeling 
or emotion ; very ardent ; very eager or urgent ; 
fervent; passionate. 
Note, if your lady strain his entertainment 
With any strong or vehement importunity. 
Shalt., Othello, iii. 3. 251. 
I fell into some vehement argumentations with him in 
defence of Christ. Coryat, Crudities, I. 71. 
Carlyle, Oliver Cromwell, II. 191. 
buuii (ve-hik-ii-la'shon), n. [< vehicu- 
late -t- -ion.] Movement of or in vehicles. 
[Bare.] 
The New Eoad with its lively traffic and vehicvlation 
seven or eight good yards below our level. 
Carlyle, Reminiscences (ed. 1881), II. 168. 
Vehiculatory (ve-hik'u-la-to-ri), a. [< vehicu- 
late + -or-y.] Pertaining or relating to a 
vehicle; vehicular. [Bare.] 
Logical swim-bladders, transcendental life-preservers, 
and other precautionary and vehindatory gear for setting 
out. Carlyle, Life of Sterling, i. 8. 
vehme (fa'me), n. [= F. vehme, < G. vehme, 
fehme, prop, feme, MHG. veme, punishment. In 
E. rather an abbr. of vehmgericht.] Same as 
rehmgericht. 
vehmgericht (fam'ge-richt*), n. ; pi. vehmge- 
richte (-rich"ta). [< G. vehmgericht, better fehm- 
gericht, < fehme, fchm, a criminal tribunal so 
called (see def.), + gericht. judgment, tribunal, 
law: see vehme and right.] One of the medi- 
eval tribunals which flourished in Germany, 
chiefly in Westphalia, in the fourteenth and 
fifteenth centuries. They were apparently descended 
from the cantonal courts, and at first afforded some pro- 
tection, as the regular machinery of justice had been de- 
moralized. Later they misused their power, and practi- 
cally disappeared with the increasing strength of the 
regular governments. The president of the court was 
called freiyraf, the justices freitchofen, and the place 
of meeting freistuhl. The sessions were open, at which 
civil matters were adjudicated, or secret, to which were 
summoned persons accused of murder, robbery, heresy, 
witchcraft, etc. Those convicted of serious crimes, or 
