ventilation 
To his ... Secretary, Dr. Mason, whom he [Bucking- 
ham] laid in Pallet near him, for natural Ventilation of his 
thoughts, he would . . . break out into hitter and pas- 
sionate Eruptions. Sir H. Wotton, Reliquifc, p. 227. 
Plenum method of ventilation. See plenum. 
ventilative (ven'ti-la-tiv), o. [< ventilate + 
-ire.'] Of or pertaining to ventilation; adapted 
to secure ventilation ; ventilating: as, veiitila- 
tive appliances. 
ventilator (ven'ti-la-tor), n. [< F. ventilateur 
= Sp. Pg. ventilador = It. ventilatore, < L. ven- 
tilator, a winnower, < uciitilttrc, winnow, venti- 
late: see ventilate.] One who or that which 
ventilates, (o) Any device for replacing foul by pure 
air. (&) One who or that which brings some matter to 
public notice, as a speaker or a newspaper. 
ventilator-deflector (ven'ti-la-tor-de-flek"tor), 
. A plate so placed in a railroad-car as to de- 
flect the air into or out of the car, under the im- 
pulse of the motion of the train. 
ventilator-hood (ven'ti-la-tpr-hud), . A shield 
above a ventilator on the outside of a railroad- 
car, to protect it from sparks, cinders, or rain : 
sometimes serving also as a deflector. 
venting-holet (ven'ting-hol), . A vent-hole. 
Certaine out-casts, tunnels, or venting-hnles. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxi. 3. 
ventless (vent'les), a. [< vent 1 + -less."] Hav- 
ing no vent or outlet. 
Like to a restlesse, ventlesse flame of fire, 
That faine would flnde the way streight to aspire. 
Davies, Microcosmos, p. 61. 
ventose 1 * (ven'tos), . [= F. venteujc = Sp. Pg. 
It. ventoso, < L. ventosus, full of wind, windy, < 
ventus, wind: see vent'*.] Windy; flatulent. 
Bailey, 1731. 
ventose 1 t (ven'tos), n. [< OF. ventose, ventouse, 
< ML. ventosa, a cupping-glass, fern, of L. ven- 
tosus, full of wind : see ventose 1 , a.] A cupping- 
glass. 
Hollow concavities, . . . like to ventones or cupping 
glasses. Holland, tr. of Pliny, ix. 29. 
Ventose 2 (von-toz'), n. [F., < L. ventosus: see 
ventose 1 , a.] The sixth month of the year, ac- 
cording to the French revolutionary calendar, 
beginning (in 1794) February 19th, and ending 
March 20th. 
ventosityt (ven-tos'i-ti), ii. [< F. ventosite = 
Pr. ventositat = Spi ventosidad = Pg. ventosi- 
dade = It. veiitosita, < LL. vcntositft(t-)s, windi- 
ness, < L. ventosus, windy: see vent 1 .] 1. Win- 
diness; flatulence. 
If there be any danger of ventosity, . . . then you shall 
use decoctions. 
Clalmead, tr. of Ferrand's Love and Melancholy. 
2. Empty pride; vainglory; inflated vanity. 
The quality of knowledge . . . hath in it some nature 
of venom or malignity, and some effects of that venom, 
which is ventoiiity or swelling. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 
ventouset, v. [ME. ventouseii, ventuscn, < OF. 
ventouscr, cup, < ventouse, ventose, a cupping- 
glass: see ventose 1 , n.] To cup. 
Nother veyne-blood, ne ventusinye, 
Ne drinke of herbes may ben his hclpinge. 
Cfumcer, Knight's Tale, 1. 1889. 
ventoyt, n. [< OF. ventau, a fan, < vent, wind, 
air: see vent'*.] A fan. 
One of you open the casements, t'other take a ventoy 
and gently cool my face. 
Middleton, Blurt, Master-Constable, ii. 2. 
vent-peg (vent'peg), n. 1. A plug, as of wood, 
for stopping the vent of a barrel. 
Pulling out the vent-peg of the table-beer, and trying to 
peep down into the barrel through the hole. 
Dickens, Chimes, iv. 
2. Same as vent-faucet. 
vent-piece (vent'pes), . 1. In ordnance, same 
as vent-bushing. 2. In a breech-loading gun, 
the block which closes the rear of the base. 
vent-pin (vent'pin), . Same as vent-peg, 1. 
vent-pipe (vent'pip), . An escape-pipe, as 
for air or steam. 
vent-plug (vent'plug), n. 1. Same as vent-peg, 
1. 2. Anything used to stop the vent of a gun 
while it is being sponged, the object being to 
insure the complete extinction of any sparks 
that remain from the last cartridge fired. The 
vent-plug is pressed into place by the thumb of one of 
the artillerists, while another pushes home the sponge. 
vent-punch (vent'punch), n. An instrument 
for removing obstructions from the vent of a 
gun. 
ventrad (ven'trad), adv. [< L. venter, the belly, 
+ -ad 3 .] In zool. and anat., to or toward the 
belly or ventral surface or aspect of the body : 
noting direction or relative situation : opposed 
to dorsad or neurad, and equivalent to hcmad or 
sternad : as, the heart is situated ventrad of the 
6722 
spinal column; the coeliac axis branches ven- 
trad of the aorta. 
ventral (ven'tral), a. and . [< F. ventral = 
Sp. Pg. ventral = It. ventrale, < L. ventralis, of 
or pertaining to the belly or stomach, < venter, 
belly, stomach: see ven to' 2 .] I. a. 1. In anat. 
and zoijl. : (a) Of or pertaining to the venter, 
in any sense; forming a venter; contained in 
a venter; having a venter; hollowed out like a 
venter; bellying; abdominal; uterine: as, ven- 
tral walls or cavities; ventral viscera; the ven- 
tral surface of the ilium or scapula ; ventral fins. 
(6) Placed ventrad in the body ; situated on the 
side or aspect of the body opposite the dorsal 
or back aspect ; anterior or inferior; hemal. 
2. In hot., belonging to the anterior surface of 
anything: as, a ventral suture, which is the line 
running down the front of a carpel on the side 
next the axis: the opposite of dorsal Ventral 
Chord, in entmn., the ventral nervous chord with its gan- 
glia. Ventral fin, in ichth., a ventral. See II., 1. Ven- 
tral folds, in Tunicata, upstanding margins of the sides 
of the ventral groove. Ventral groove, in Tunicata, the 
hypobranchial groove, lying in the ventral median line 
of the branchial chamber; the endostyle. Ventral her- 
nia, a hernia traversing the abdominal wall at any point 
other than the groin or umbilicus. Ventral laminae, 
in embryol. See lamina. Ventral medulla, the ven- 
tral ganglionic chain of the sympathetic system. Oegen- 
baur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 150. Ventral oars. See 
oari. Ventral ossifications, bones developed in the 
walls of the belly of some mammals (as marsupials) and 
many reptiles. See cuts under Ichthyoxanria and Plesioxau- 
mts. Ventral segment, in acoustics, same as loopi, 3. 
II. n. 1. In ichth., a ventral fin; one of the 
posterior or pelvic pair of fins, corresponding 
to the hind limbs of higher vertebrates, and dis- 
tinguished from the pectorals : so called irre- 
spective of their actual position: as, ventrals 
thoracic or jugular. Abbreviated V. or t>. 2. 
In entom., one of the segments of the abdomen 
as seen from beneath, especially in Coleoptera. 
They are distinguished as first, second, etc., 
counting backward. See write, uromere. 
ventralis (ven-tra'lis), .; pi. ventrales (-lez). 
[NL. : see ventral.] In ichth., & ventral fin. 
ventrally (ven'tral-i), adv. In a ventral situa- 
tion or direction ; on or toward the belly; with 
respect to the venter. 
ventralmost (ven'tral-most), a. Nearest to 
the ventral aspect of the body. 
ventralward, ventralwards (ven'tral-ward, 
-wardz), adv. [< ventral + -ward, -ivards.] 
Same as ventrad. 
The first fold . . . sends off in the course of the third 
day a branch or bud-like process from its anterior edge. 
This branch, starting from near the dorsal beginning of 
the fold, runs eentrahcardt and forwards. 
Foster and Balfowr, Embryol., p. 164. 
ventric (ven'trik), a. [< L. venter, belly, + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to the stomach. [Rare.] 
" Magister artis . . . venter," says Persius, theartof ac- 
curate timekeeping is ventric. 
Mortimer Collins, Thoughts in my Garden, I. 41. 
ventricle (ven'tri-kl), n. [< F. vcntricule = Sp. 
ventriculo = Pg. ventriculo = It. ventricolo, < L. 
ventriculus, belly, stomach, ventricle (sc. cordis, 
of the heart), dim. of venter, stomach: see ven- 
ter.] If. The belly ; the stomach. 
My ventricle digests what is in it. Sir M. Hale. 
2. The womb ; the productive organ, literally 
or figuratively. 
Begot in the vent-rifle of memory. 
Shak., L. L. L., iv. 2. 70. 
3. In anat. and goal., some small cavity of the 
body; a hollow part or organ; a ventriculus: 
variously applied Chyliflc ventricle. See chylific. 
Cornua of the ventricles of the brain. See cornu. 
Hypoarian ventricle. See hypoarian. Olfactory 
ventricle, a cavity in the olfactory lobe of the brain, con- 
tinuous with the lateral ventricle. It exists normally in 
the fetus, but is only occasionally found in the adult. 
Pineal ventricle. See pineal. Sylvian ventricle. See 
Sylvian'2. Ventricle of Arantius, that partof the fourth 
ventricle of the brain which extends down into the spinal 
cord and forms the upper part of the central canal. Ven- 
tricle of the cerebellum, the fourth ventricle of the 
brain ; the metepicoelia. Ventricle of the corpus cal- 
losum, a furrow between the upper surface of the great 
transverse commissure of the brain and the gyrus forni- 
catus, or lip of each hemisphere, which rests upon the 
corpus callosum. Ventricle of the larynx, a fossa on 
either side, between the false and true vocal cords of that 
side, which leads up by a narrow opening into the laryn- 
geal pouch, or sacculus laryngis. Ventricles of the 
brain, a series of connecting cavities, containing fluid, 
within the brain, continuous with the central cavity of 
the spinal cord. They are the remains of the original 
neural canal, formed by a folding over of the epiblast. 
The lateral ventricles are found one in each hemisphere ; 
they communicate with each other and with the third ven- 
tricle through the foramen of Monro. The third ventri- 
cle lies between the optic thalami. It communicates 
with the fourth ventricle through the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
The fourth ventricle lies between the cerebellum and 
the pons and medulla. The so-called fifth ventricle, or 
ventriculus 
pseudocode, has no connection with the other cerebral 
ventricles, being of a different nature and simply a small 
interval between the right and left layers of the septum 
lucidum. The cerebral ventricles or creliai have lately 
been systematically named in a morphological vocabulary 
which is irrespective of the peculiarities of the human 
brain, and based on the encephalomeres of vertebrates. 
See aula, 2, coelia, diacatlia. encephaloccele, epiccelia, tnego- 
coslia, metacoelia, metepicoelia, procoslia, rMnocozlia, and 
cuts under encephalun, Kana, and Petromyzontidffi. Ven- 
tricles Of the heart, the two chambers in the heart 
which receive the blood from the auricles and propel it 
into the arteries. The right ventricle forces the venous 
blood coming from the right auricle into the pulmonary 
artery, and thence through the lungs. The left ventricle 
receives the arterial blood from the left auricle and pro- 
pels it through the aorta and the rest of the systemic ar- 
terial system. See cuts under heart, luny, Polypfacophora, 
and Lamellibranchiata. 
ventricornu (ven-tri-kor'nu), .; pi. ventricor- 
nua (-nu-a). [NL., < L. venter, belly, + cornu, 
horn.] The ventral or anterior horn or curved 
extension of gray matter in the substance of 
the spinal cord. See second cut under spinal. 
ventricornual (ven-tri-kor'nu-al), a. [< ventri- 
cornu + -al.] Of or pertaining to the ventri- 
cornu. Suck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, VIII. 
528. 
ventricose (ven'tri-kos), a. [< L. venter (ventr-), 
belly, + -ic + -ose.] 1. Having a large abdo- 
men; corpulent. 2. In bot., swelling out in 
the middle ; swelling unequally, or inflated on 
one side; distended; inflated; bellied: as, a 
ventricose corolla or perianth. 3. In conch., 
ventricous. See ventricous, 1 (6). 
ventrlcous (ven'tri-kus), a. [< L. venter 
(ventr-), belly, + -ic + -ous.~] 1. In zool. and 
anat.: (a) Bellying; resembling a belly; swelled 
up or out; distended; ventricose. (fc) In conch., 
having the whorls or the valves of the shell 
swollen or strongly convex. See cuts under 
Dolimn, Turbo, bivalve, and Pectinidse. 2. In 
bot., same as ventricose. 
ventricular (ven-trik'u-lar), o. [= F. ventri- 
culaire = Sp. ventricular = It. ventricolare, < 
NL. "ventricularis, < L. ventriculus, ventricle: 
see ventricle.] 1. Of or pertaining to a ventri- 
cle, in any sense; ventriculous: as, a ventricu- 
lar cavity of the brain or heart; ventricular 
walls, lining, orifice ; ventricular systole or dias- 
tole. 2. Bellied or bellying; distended; ven- 
tricous. [Rare.] -Ventricular aqueduct. Same as 
aquseductm Si/lrii (which see, under aqiueductui). Ven- 
tricular bands of the larynx, the false vocal cords. 
Ventricular septum, (a) Same as septum lucidum 
(which see, under septum), (b) The muscular wall sepa- 
rating the two ventricles of the heart. Ventricular 
space, the system of central communicating cavities, con- 
taining fluid, in the cerebrospinal axis. It comprises the 
lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain and the 
channels connecting them, and the primitive central canal 
of the spinal cord the neurocode usually obliterated 
in the spinal cord, where, however, a part of it may per- 
sist as the rhomboccelia. 
ventriculi, n. Plural of ventriculus. 
ventriculite (ven-trik'u-lit), n. [< NL. ven- 
triculites, < L. ventriculus, ventricle : see ven- 
tricle.] A fossil sponge of the family rentricu- 
litidee; a so-called "petrified mushroom." They 
are of various shapes fungiform, cup-like, 
tubular, or funnel-shaped and abound in the 
Cretaceous. 
Ventriculites (ven-trik-u-li'tez), n. [NL. 
(Mantell): see ventriculite.] A genus of fos- 
sil silicious sponges, typical of the family Ven- 
triculitidie. 
ventriculitic (ven-trik-u-lit'ik), a. [< ventric- 
ulite + -ic.] Pertaining to or containing ven- 
triculites. 
Ventriculitidae (ven-trik-u-lit'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Ventriculites + -idse.] A family of 
fossil hexactinellidan sponges, typified by the 
genus Ventriculites. 
ventriculobulbous (ven-trik"u-16-bul'bus), a. 
[< L. ventriculus, ventricle, + bulbus, bulb.] In 
ichth., pertaining to the cardiac ventricle and 
the aortic bulb, as the orifice between them, 
ventriculose (ven-trik'u-los), a. [< LL. ren- 
triculosus, of the belly, < L. ventriculus, belly.] 
In bot., minutely ventricose. 
ventriculous (ven-trik'u-lus), a. Same as ven- 
tricular. 
ventriculus (ven-trik'u-lus), n. ', pi. ventriculi 
(-11). [L. : see ventricle.] In anat. and :ool., 
a ventricle, in any sense ; a loculus. Specifically 
(o) The true stomach or proper digestive cavity of some 
animals, as birds and insects. See prmentriculus. (b) In 
sponges, the general interior space or body-cavity, as in 
Ascetta. See cut under spoiuje. Ventriculus DUlbO- 
sus, the muscular gizzard of a bird ; the gigerium. Ven- 
triculus callosus, the gizzard. Ventriculus com- 
munis, the common cavity of the brain ; the aula. 
Ventriculus coiiarii. Same as recessux infrapinealift. 
Ventriculus dexter, the right ventricle of the heart 
Ventriculus Galeni, the ventricle of the larynx. Ven- 
triculus glandUlOSUS. Same a&proventriculus, 1. Ven- 
