venue 
venue 1 * (ven'u), n. [Also venew, veney, venny, 
venie; < ME. *muic, venyw, < OF. venue, a com- 
ing, = Sp, venida, arrival, attack in fencing, = 
It. veiuitfi, arrival, < I,, venire, come: see come. 
Ct'. CMttC 2 .] 1. A coming. 
Eche of these vyve at her venyw 
Broujt zyx thousand as bar retenyw. 
Arthur (ed. 1'urnivall), 1. 307. 
2. In old fencing, a hit ; attack; bout; a match 
or bout in cudgel-play ; especially, a contest of 
regulated length, or of a fixed number of thrusts 
or blows; hence (because the bout was often 
ended when one thrust was successful), a thrust ; 
a lunge. 
Three venet/s for a dish of stewed prunes. 
Shot., M. W. of W., i. 1. 296. 
A quick venue of wit. Shak., L. L. L., v. 1. 62. 
And on his head he laies him on such load 
With two quick vennies of his knotty Goad. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du liartas's Weeks, ii., The Captaines. 
y have given it me, 
And yet I feel life for another veney. 
Chapman, Revenge of Bussy D'Ambois, v. 1. 
I've breath enough . . . 
To give your perfumed worship three venues. 
Middletrm, Hatsiuger, and Rowley, Old Law, iii. 2. 
venue 2 (ven'u), . [A particular use of venue 1 (< 
OF. venue, arrival, resort), appar. confused with 
OF. visne (cf. ML. visnetitm, vicinitus), neighbor- 
hood, venue, < L. vicinia, neighborhood, vicin- 
age, vicimts, neighboring: see vicine, vicinity.'] 
In law: (a) The place or neighborhood of a 
crime or cause of action ; in modern times, the 
county or corresponding division within which 
in consequence the jury must be gathered and 
the cause tried. (b) The statement, usually at 
the top or in the margin, of an indictment or dec- 
laration of complaint, indicating the county for 
trial, (c) A similar statement in an affidavit 
indicating the place where it was taken and the 
oath was administered Change of venue, change 
of place of trial. Local venue, a venue in a case where 
the facts show that the action must be local, as an ac- 
tion to recover real property. To lay the venue. See 
layl. Transitory venue, a venue that is changeable or 
optional because the cause of action is not local. 
venula (ven'u-la), . ; pi. vemtlse (-le). [L. : see 
venule.] A small vein; a veinlet or veinule. 
venule (ven'ul), n. [< L. venula, dim. of vena, 
a vein: see vein.'] A small vein; a veinlet; 
in entom., same as nervule. 
venulite (ven'u-Ht), n. [Irreg. < NL. Venus, a 
genus of bivalves, + -lite: see -lite.] A fossil 
shell of the genus Venus, or some similar shell. 
Properly venerite. 
venulose (ven'u-los), a. [< venule + -ose.] In 
bot., having veinlets, as a leaf. 
venulous (ven'u-lus), . [< venule + -ous.] 
Full of veinlets; minutely venous. 
Venus (ve'nus), n. [= F. Venus = Sp. Venus = 
Pg. Venus = lt. Venere, <L. Venus (-eris), Venus, 
orig. the goddess of beauty and love, esp. of 
sensual love, also applied to sexual intercourse, 
venery; orig. a personification of venus, love, 
desire (but appar. used in Latin literature only 
as an application of the proper name) ; akin to 
venerari, worship, revere, venerate (see vener- 
ate), from a root seen in Skt. van, win. = Goth. 
winnan, suffer, = Icel. vinna = OHG. AS. winnan, 
strive for: see win.] 1. In Bom. myth., the god- 
dess of beauty and love, more especially sensual 
love. Venus was of little importance as a Roman god- 
dess until, at a comparatively late period, she was iden- 
tified with th e Greek Aphrodite. She is represented as the 
highest ideal of female beauty, and was naturally a favorite 
subject with poets and artists, some of her statues being 
among the noblest remains of classical sculpture. The 
following are some of the more important of the innu- 
merable surviving antique statues of this goddess. The 
Venus of Aries, a fine Greek statue found in 1651 in the 
ancient theater at Aries, and now in the Louvre Museum. 
The figure is undraped to below the waist. The hands and 
forearms are modern restorations. The statue probably 
belonged to the Victrix type (for this and other types, 
see the phrases). The Venus of Capua, a very note- 
worthy antique in the Museum of Naples, discovered in 
the amphitheater at Capua. The figure is undraped to 
the hips, and is of the Victrix type. It bears a strong re- 
semblance to the Venus of Melos, but is distinctly inferior 
to that masterpiece. The head is encircled by astephane. 
The Venus of Medici, one of the best-known works of an- 
cient sculpture, treasured in the Uffizi Gallery at Flor- 
ence. The figure is of Parian marble, wholly undraped 
the face turned to one side, one of the arms extended 
with the hand held before the body, and the other arm bent 
before the breast. It is shown by the dolphin on the base 
to belong to the type of the Venus Anadyomene. While 
the pose is not identical with that of the Venus of Cnidus 
it is generally held to be a free rendering of that con- 
ception. The figure is somewhat under natural size, being 
about 4 feet 8 inches in height, but is commonly taken as 
the exemplar of perfect proportions in a woman. It was 
found in the Villa of Hadrian, at Tivoli, about 1680. The 
Venus of Melos (by corruption from the native Greek pro- 
nunciation, Venus of Mtto), one of the most splendid sur- 
viving works of ancient art, discovered by a farmer in the 
6724 
island of Melos in 1820, and now the chief treasure of the 
Louvre Museum. The statue dates from about the middle 
of the fourth century B. c. It is undraped to the hips; 
i. The Venus of Medici, in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. 
2. The Venus of Melos, in the Louvre Museum. 
the arms are broken off ; the figure and face are at once 
graceful and beautiful, and highly imposing. The typeis 
that of the Victrix. The Venus of the Capitol, in the Cap!- 
toline Museum at Rome, undraped, and in attitude and 
motive very similar to the Venus of Medici, though the 
Capitoline statue displays a more personal element, and 
comes closer to the living model. Of the modern statues 
representing Venus, there may be mentioned the Venus 
Borghese', a celebrated statue by Canova, in the Villa 
Borghese at Rome. The statue represents the Princess 
Pauline (Bonaparte) Borghese in the character of Venus 
Genetrix. The figure is shown reclining, extending the 
apple in one hand, the head being a close portrait. See 
Aphrodite. 
2. The most brilliant of the planets, being fre- 
quently visible to the naked eye by daylight. 
It is the second from the sun and next within the earth's 
orbit, performing its sidereal revolution in 224.7008 days ; 
its distance from the sun is 0.723332 that of the earth. 
The synodical revolution is made in 584 days. Its orbit 
is the most nearly circular of those of the major planets, 
the greatest equation of the center being only 47' X". The 
inclination of the orbit to the ecliptic is 3 23'.5 ; and the 
earth passes through the ascending node on December 7th. 
The mass of Venus (which is not very closely ascertained) 
is about TILSIT that of. the sun, or \ J that of the earth. Its 
diameter is a little smaller than that of our planet, which 
subtetids an angle of 2 x 8".827 at the sun's center, while 
Venus at the same distance has a semidiameter of 8".68 
by the mean of the best night measures, or 8".40 accord- 
ing to the observations at its transit over the sun. Tak- 
ing the mean of these (which are affected in opposite ways 
by irradiation), or 8' / .54, we find the diameter of Venus 
about $ that of the earth. Its volume is about ^,, its den- 
sity about I, and gravity at its surface about the same 
quantities for the earth. It receives 1.9 as much light and 
heat from the sun as we, and the tidal action of the lat- 
ter is about 5.3 times as great as upon the earth. The 
period of rotation of Venus is set down in many books as 
23 hours and 50 minutes ; but recent observations have 
led some astronomers to the confident conclusion that 
the true period falls short but a little of 225 days, so that 
day and night last for many years. The old figure was 
deduced chiefly from the observation that a spot ap- 
peared nearly in the same place night after night, so that 
it seemed as if Venus had made one complete revolu- 
tion ; whereas it now appears that there is in one day no 
sensible motion. The vast tidal action may account for 
the near approach of the periods of rotation and revolu- 
tion. Venus has an atmosphere nearly twice as dense as 
our own, and we may safely infer that all its water is in 
the form of dry steam ; for the dense atmosphere must 
cause a greater proportion of the heat to be retained. 
Probably nearly all the carbon is in the form of carbonic 
anhydrid or carbonates, leaving little or no free oxygen. 
Geological erosion can hardly be great. The mountains 
of Venus are shown to be high by the form of the termi- 
nator. Still, Venus reflects a great amount of light (its 
albedo being 0.9 that of Jupiter, which is perhaps self- 
lumiimus), and much of this appears to come from gen- 
eral specular reflection, as from polished level surfaces, 
possibly melted metals. The night side of Venus, which 
must be intensely cold, shows a faint coppery-red light, 
which is somewhat fitful in its appearances, and is prob- 
ably of the nature of an intense aurora. No satellite of 
Venus has ever been seen. Numerous observations of one 
were reported in the eighteenth century ; but all these 
have been fairly shown to be fixed stars, except one, which 
was probably an asteroid. The symbol for Venus is ? , 
supposed to represent the goddess's mirror. 
3f. Sexual intercourse ; venery. Bacon. 4f. 
In old cliem., copper. 5. In her., green: the 
name given to that color when blazoning is 
done by means of the planets. See blazon, n., 
2. 6. In conch.: (a) The typical genus of bi- 
valve shells of the family Veneridse : so called 
by Linneeus with allusion to the shape of the 
Venus's-shoe 
lunule of the closed valves. See cuts under 
Veneridse. qualiog, and (limyarian. (b) [I. c.] A 
shell of the genus Venus; any venerid. 
The Vcnuscs and Cockles. 
A. Adams, Man. Nat. Hist., p. 147. 
Celestial Venus. See Venus Urania. Corona Vene- 
ris, or crown of Venus, a syphilitic eruption of reddish 
papules, occurring chiefly on the forehead and temples. 
Crystals of Venus. See crystal. Fresh-water ve- 
nuses, the CarUculidse. Mark of Venus, in palmistry. 
Seemarti. Mount Of Venus, in palmistry. gee?nounti, 
5 (jr). Ring of Venus.in palmistry. See ringi. Venus 
accroupie (crouching), in art, a type in which the god- 
dess is represented as undraped, and crouching close down 
to the ground, as if in the bath. The most admired ex- 
ample is in the Museo Pio Clementine in the Vatican. 
Venus Anadyomene (marine Venus, or Venus of the 
Sea), Venus represented as born or rising from the foam 
of the sea. In art the type has marine attributes, as the 
dolphin, and is represented nndraped. The Venus of 
Medici is an example.- Venus Callipyge or Kallipygos, 
a type wrongly attributed to Venus, the subject represent- 
ed being essentially mortal. One of the best-known stat- 
ues of this type is in the Museum at Naples. Venus 
Genetrix, in art, etc., Venus as the goddess of fecundity. 
The type presents the goddess undraped, partially draped, 
or clad in a diaphanous Ionic tunic, with one hand raising 
the drapery toward her face from the shoulder according to 
the conventional Greek gesture of marriage, and with the 
other extending an apple. Venus of Cnidus, the un- 
draped type of Venus created by Praxiteles, and dedicated 
in the temple in Cnidus, paralleled with the draped type of 
the same master, that of Cos, According to tradition, the 
beautiful Phryne was the model for this statue. The most 
instructive copies accessible are one in the Vatican (as 
exhibited, partly masked by painted drapery of tin), and 
one in the Glyptothek at Munich. The Venus of Medici 
is generally held to be a free copy of this type. See cut 
under Aphrodite. Venus of the rock, in cone*., a bor- 
ing bivalve mollusk of the genus Venerupis. See cut un- 
der Venerupis. Venus omnibus, the Greek Aphrodite 
Pandemos, Venus as the patroness of unlawful love. 
Venus's basin or bath, a name given to common teazel, 
the leaves of which collect water. Venus's basket, Ve- 
nus's flower-basket. Venus's ear. See earl, and cuts 
under abalone and sea-ear. Venus's fan, a kind of fan- 
coral or sea-fan ; a large, flat, flabellate alcyonarian polyp 
of the family Gorgoniidx, as lihipidoyorgia jtabellum. 
See cuts under Alcyonaria, coral, and Rhipidogorgia. 
Venus's flower-basket, a beautiful glass-sponge of the 
genus Euplcctella, as E. aspergillum or a similar species. 
See cut under Euplectella, Venus's fly-trap. See Dio- 
nfea. Venus's girdle, Cestum venerts, a tteniate cte- 
nophoran. See Cestum and Tseniata. Venus's golden 
apple, a rutaceous shrub or small tree, Atalantia mo- 
nophylla, of India. It bears a golden-yellow fruit of the 
size of a nutmeg, resembling a lime. Venus's hair, a 
delicate little fern, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris : so called 
from the blackish, shining capillary branches of the rachis. 
It has ovate-lanceolate bipinnate fronds, or the upper part 
simply pinnate, with pinnules and upper pinnse wedge- 
shaped or rhomboid, long-stalked, the upper margin round- 
ed, and more or less incised or crenate. It is cosmopolitan 
in distribution. Venus's hair-stones, Venus's pen- 
cils, fanciful names applied to rock-crystals inclosing 
slender hair-like or needle-like crystals of hornblende, 
asbestos, oxid of iron, rutile, oxid of manganese, etc. 
Venus's looking-glass, a plant of the genus Specularia, 
primarily S. Speculum. Venus's pencils. See Venus's 
hair-stones. Venus's-shell. (a) One of many different 
bivalve mollusks which suggest the vulva, of the family 
Veneridte, as Cytherea dione, and various others. Numer- 
ous genera of such lamellibranchs are named from the 
same appearance. See cuts under Cytherea, Venerupis, 
and Venus, (b) One of various Cyprseidee or cowries, (c) 
Venus's-comb ; a murex. (d)Venus's-slipper. (l)Ahetero- 
pod, the glass-nautilus. See cut under Carinaria. (2) A 
pteropod of the family Cymbuliidse. See cut under Cymbu- 
lum. Venus's sumac. See sumac, and cut under smoke- 
tree. Venus Urania, or Celestial Venus, Venus as the 
goddess of divine love, or of love in its abstract and spirit- 
ual phase. She is a goddess of noble and majestic type, 
akin to that of Venus Victrix, and approaching the concep- 
tion of Juno. Venus Victrix, Venus victorious, or in the 
character of a goddess of victory. This type appears as- 
sociated with the war-god Mars, and is illustrated notably 
on Roman imperial coins. The goddess is represented 
with arms and other attributes of war. Venus with the 
Apple. See Venus Genetrix.Wa.Tty Venus, a bivalve 
mollusk, Venus verrucosa. The valves have concentric 
ridges opening backward, and toward the sides or ends 
becoming coarser and forming knots or tubercles (whence 
the name). These are diversified by fine ribs or furrows 
radiating from the beaks. The mollusk is common along 
the European coasts, and chiefly affects rocky bottoms 
about low-water mark, but is also found on sand-banks. 
It is extensively used as food, and has been made the ob- 
ject of a special culture in France. 
Venusidse (ve-nu'si-de), n. pi. [NL., irreg. < 
Venus + -idse.] Same as Veneridse. 
Venus's-comb ( ve'nus -ez-kom), n. 1. The 
plant Scandix Pecten. Also called lady's-comb, 
shepherffs-needle, and needle chervil. 2. The 
thorny woodcock, Murex tribulus or M. tenui- 
spina, a beautiful and delicate shell with long 
slender spines, found in the Indian Ocean. See 
cut under murex. 
Venus's-navelwort (ve'nus-ez-na"vel-wert), . 
See navelu'ort. 
Venus's-needlet (ve'nus-ez-ne'dl), . Same as 
Venus's-comb, 1. 
Venus' S-pride (ve'nus-ez-prld), n. The bluet, 
Houstonia exrulea, otherwise called innocence, 
Qitaker ladies, Quaker bonnets, etc. 
Venus's-shoe (ve'nus-ez-sho), n. Same as Ve- 
nus's-slipper, 2. 
