Venus' s-slipper 
Venus's-slipper (viVmis-ez-slip"6r), H. l. SIM- 
t'cHHn'i<-li<-ll (it) (under (Vim*) iiinl iMf 
2. Any i)liuit of the genus <'ii/ i/mlui/ii. 
67-j:. 
crystallizes in short white transparent prisms, win 
i in wal.'i and alcnhiil, and lurni" cr> utallizable naltB 
with the alkalis, whi.-li an- i all.-d err 
verbally 
not. trated; pile, piled. Strong, weak verb. 
l.tjr. r 
-.-, MI.- 
, . 
1 1 i'<l ctvadie, cetailillir, or tabadiltic aeid. 
in. ..v.^..,,. 
It liu Mime- verbal (ver'bal), </. mid ". [< r . n-rliiil =: Sp. 
. ..... ___________________________ 
VenUStt (ve-iiiisf), n. |< 1.. i-i'itn.-'tiiK, eliimn- ver atrine (ve-ru'trin), H. [< \\ ni tr(u in) 
ing, agreeable. < l'fini.i. the goddess of l< 
ami beauty: M6 l/'iius.] Beautiful: amiable. 
As thii infancy of Rome was tenuit, so was Its inanhn.nl 
nobly HtriMiuoiiB. 
iriiiri-/i.iK', Cum. "ii I'ortescue, p. 187. (Latham.) 
vert, l< Ml-;. '", nri; vere, < OF. rer, < L. 
ver, spring, <ir- >"i>. <,!' spring. ('!'. IVI'IKI/. ] The 
spring. 
Avcrll, whan clothed IB tin- im-di- 
Will w gri-iii-. of lusty Veer the prime. 
Chaucer, Trollus, I. 157. 
VeraciOUS (vi'-ni'shus), <i. [< I... n r.i ( << rue-), . . 
speaking tnily. truthful, < vents, true, real: veratroii 
seeivn/ | 1. "Truthful j habitually disposed to + -aid + *ie s .] An alkaloid, supposed t 
speak truth; observant of truth. iil.-ntieal \v ith rubijervine, obtained from r era- 
toe Spirit Is most perfectly and absolutely veracioui. JfUm rindi 
Harrow, Sermons, II. xxxlv. (Latham.) Veratrum (ve-rii'trum), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 
1700; earlier by I A>bel, Iii76j,< I, .rrralnim, helle- 
bore.] A genus of liliaceous plants, type ")' tin- 
tribe 1'i-riilrrn: It is characterized by stems clad with 
IIIIIII.T. MI.-! broad plicate leaves contracted Into a ah. iitliini: 
liasi'. There are 9 species, four of which are natives of 
Europe and Siberia, the othen of North America. They 
An alkaloid, or a mixture 
derived from several species of I <///. mi ami 
fi-inn i-i'vailill:i. It Is an exceedingly poisonous sub- 
ii -i -il rhi.-ily iii mi ilii'ini', in the form of ointment, 
as an a|>plii-af iun fur tin- relief of neuralgia. - Oleate Of 
veratrine. See oleate. 
veratrize (ve-ra'tii/), /. t.: pret. and pp. ten- 
in <il. ppr. i-ii-iitri:ni</. [< veratr(ine) + -i '.\ 
To give veratrine to in sufficient dose to pro- 
duce its physiological (-fleets; puison with ve- 
ratrine: u procedure employed sometimes in 
' sioli'gieal experiments upon animals. 
itroidineivei- a n-ni'din), . [< I""'/ 
2. Oharai-trri/.ed bytruth; true; not false: as, 
a veracious account or narrative. 
The M.M n" ardent soul that enters on this world with 
heroic purpose, with veracious Insight, . . . will llnd [It) a 
very mad one. Carlyle, Sterling, T. 
voraciously (ve-ra'shus-li), ado. In a veracious 
manner ; truthfully. 
veracity (ve-ras'i-ti), w. (X OF. veracitie, F. 
veracitc = Sp. ver'acidad = Pg. vrraridnde = It. 
veracita, < ML. ver<tfit(t-)s, truthfulness, < L. 
verax (rerae-), truthful: see veracious.'] 1. The 
fact or character of being veracious or true. 
Specifically (o) Habitual regard to or observance of 
truth ; truthfulness ; truth : as, a man of veracity. 
Let veracity he thy virtue, in words, manners, and ac- 
tions. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., ill. 20. 
Another form of virtue which usually increases with 
civilisation is veracity, a term which must be regarded 
as including something more than the simple avoidance 
of direct falsehood. Leclnj, Europ. Morals, I. 143. 
(b) Consistency with truth; agreement with actual fact: 
as, the veracity of the senses. 
In narratives, where historical veracity has no place, I 
cannot discover why there should not be exhibited the 
most perfect idea of virtue. Johnson, Rambler, No. 4. 
That enthusiasm for truth, that fanaticism of veracity, 
which is a greater possession than much learning ; a no- 
bler gift than the power of increasing knowledge. 
Huxley, Universities. 
2. That which is true; that in which truth in- 
heres; also, abstract truth Principle of veraci- 
ty, (a) The proposition that man has a natural inclination 
or propensity toward speaking the truth. (6) The propo- 
sition that God's veracity requires us to accept without 
doubt a given wide- spread belief. This was urged by the 
English Platonists and others, (c) The proposition that 
innate beliefs must be accepted on account of the veracity 
of consciousness. Veracity of consciousness, the con- 
formity of natural beliefs to the truth. 
veranda ( ve-ran'dii), M. [Also verandah, former- 
ly also varanda, vorandii, feranda, feerandah ; 
cf. F. veranda = Sw. Dan. veranda (< E.); < 
Hind, varanda, Beng. Mrdnda, Malay baranda, 
late Skt. varanda, a veranda, portico; supposed 
, 
arr tail, erect, robust perennials, growing from a thic 
rootstockwlth somewhat fleshy fascicled root-fibers. The 
flowers are purplish, green, or white, very abundant, in a 
terminal punirlr, ami fl 
lowed liy erect or reflcxed 
capsules separated into three 
i-:ir|ji-ls. The species are 
known in general as white 
heUebnre, especially V. album 
and V. nitjrum of Europe, 
and y. virideot North Amer- 
ica, species respectively with 
whitish, blackish, and green 
Bowers ; their rootstocks are 
powerfully emetic and ca- 
thartic, and are collected In 
quantities for medicinal use 
V. album In Germany, and 
K. viride In North Carolina. 
Both are very acrid, occasion- 
ing excessive irritation of 
the digestive tract. V. album 
has also been known as liny- 
wart, and, from Its effect as 
an errhlne, as siuezewort; it 
is chiefly subalpfne, and oc- 
curs from Europe t.i Japan ; 
its roots furnish the alka- 
loids veratrlne, Jervine, rubi- 
jervlne, and others, also ce- 
vadlc acid. A poisonous 
gray powder prepared from 
it is used to destroy cater- 
pillars ; the fresh leaves are, 
however, freely eaten by 
slugs and snails. K. viride, 
the principal American spe- 
cies, known also as Indian 
voice, and locally as itchirecd, 
muiba lie, and earth-gall, wide- 
ly distributed In and near mountain regions from Georgia 
into Canada and from Oregon to Sitka, is a coarse herb 
from 3 to 7 feet high, with numerous conspicuously riblwd 
and plaited ample leaves, which are ovate, pointed, and 
clasping. The whole plant is a nearly uniform deep green. 
including the conspicuous Bowers, which form a pyramidal 
Flowering PUnt of American 
White Hellebore, or Indian Poke 
Wtratrum virije). 
a, male dower; 6, perfect flower; 
f, capsule. 
by some to be derived from Pers. bardmadali, a inflorescence sometimes over a foot long. Its thick, fleshy 
rootstock is sharp and hitter In taste, was used as an emetic 
by the Indians, and is also now in local use as a cardiac, 
and in fevers as a sedative. 
picuous and peculiar flow 
olium of North Carolina, 
(the Indiana pokeweed), green and white in V. Californi- 
dark-brown with the outside hoary in V. interme- 
porch, terrace, balcony (< barainadan, ascend, 
< bar, up, + dmadan, come, arrive), but perhaps 
from the similar OPg. and OSp. terms (which gp | cuou8 and peculiar flowers : iney are green in v. pam- ^ tradition, a literal translation. Ver, 
are found too early to be derived from the Hind, folium of North Carolina, greenish-purple in t'. It oodi. c (, m j, nicety or criticism about words. 
. Many other species have con- 
ers: they are green in V. parri- 
'' 
word) namelvOPe. varanda (1498), OSp. varan- 
r ( lob5t a balcony railing ( (Yule).'- P railes to jj, d^brow,, --^T^Tine ^en=o 
leane the brest on" (Percival ; so Miusheu), < plains, they are fringed and spotted. 
vara, a rod, < L. vara, a rod, stick: see txii-e 1 .] veray f A Middle English form of veri/. .............. ~ ,, - .... 
An open portico, or a light gallery attached ver b (verb) . [< F. verbe = Sp. Pg. It. verbo, Something expressed orally; a verbal remark 
sisting of 
words, < L. ri-/ii<i. a v.i, r'l. verb: see i-ri-fc. ) I. 
ii. 1. Of, pertaining to, ur consisting in words. 
rli i-ro the orator complained of Socrates and his school 
tlmt he was the first that separat. .1 |.liil..-"|ihy and rln-t- 
uric, whereupon rhi-torii- became ail empty and verbal 
art. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, II. 
It Is obvious enough that, unlcu the lower animals have 
some substitute for trrbal symbols, as yet undiscovered 
by us, they are Incapable of general ideas and of any 
mental processes involving then. 
J. Sully, Sensation and Intuition, p. 10. 
The future progress of our speech. It may be hoped, 
will bring back to us many a verbal Kip Van Winkle. 
O. P. ilanh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., ill. 
2. Relating to or concerned with words only. 
If slight and rerbal difference* In copies be a good ar- 
gument against the gennlneneaa of a writing, we hare no 
genuine writing of any ancient author at this day. 
Abp. Sharp, Work*. II. III. 
Of those scholars who have disdained to confine them- 
selves to verbal criticism few have been sucoeaaful. 
Macaulay, Athenian Orators. 
A verbal dispute. Whatelv. 
3. F'.xpressed in spoken words; spoken; not 
written ; oral : as, a verbal contract; verbal tes- 
timony. 
Made she no verbal question? Shale., Lear, IT. 3. 26. 
4. Minutely exact in words; attending to words 
only; insistent about word*. 
I am much sorry, Sir, 
You put me to forget a lady's manner*, 
By being so verbal. Shak., Cymbellne, II. 3. 111. 
He ' grown too verbal ; this learning 'a a great witch. 
Uiddletm, Chute Maid, L I. 
Neglect the rules each verbal critic lays. 
Pope, Eaaay on Criticism, 1. 261. 
5. Literal; having word answering to word; 
word for word : as, a verbal translation. 
All the neighbour caves, aa seeming troubled, 
Make verbal repetition of her moans. 
Shot., Venus and Adonis, I. 831. 
6. Of or pertaining to a verb; derived from a 
verb and sharing in its senses and construc- 
tions: as, a verbal noun. 
A person Is the special difference of a rerbal number. 
B. Jonton, English Urammar, I. 16. 
In Us attributive use, finally, the participle throws off 
its verbal power and approximates an adjective, aa In Ver- 
nante sllva caremus. Amer. Jour. Philol., X. 817. 
Verbal amnesia, the loss of all knowledge of the rela- 
tion between words and things ; complete aphasia. Ver- 
bal contract. See contract. Verbal definition, a defi- 
nition intended to state the precise meaning of a word or 
phrase according to usage, but not to state the essential 
characters of a form according to the nature of things. 
Verbal degradation. See degradation, 1 (a). Verbal 
Inspiration. See intpiration, 3. Verbal note, in diplo- 
macy, an unsigned memorandum or note when an affair 
has continued for a long time without any reply. It Is de- 
signed to show that the matter is not urgent, but that at 
the same time it has not been overlooked. Eneyc. Diet. 
Verbal noun. See II. =8yn. 1-8. Verbal, Oral, Literal. 
Verbal Is much used for oral : as, a verbal message ; and 
sometimes for literal : as, a verbal translation. It is an old 
and proper rule of rhetoric (Campbell, bk. -.', rli. II., 1 1, 
canon 1) that, when of two words or phrases one is sus- 
ceptible of two significations and the other of only one, 
the latter, for the sake of avoiding obscurity, should be 
preferred ; by this rule we should say an oral message. 
oral tradition, a literal translation. Verbal nicety or critl- 
im Is nicety or criticism about words. 
II. ii. In gram., a noun derived from a verb 
and sharing in its senses and constructions; a 
verbal noun, 
verbalism (ver'bal-izm), n. [< verbal + -ism.] 
< L. verbidH, a word, language, a verb, = E. 
That so it might appear, that the assistance of the 
Spirit, promised to the church, was not a vain thing, or a 
mere verb. South, Sermons, IX. v. 
to the exterior of a building, with a roof sup- x ^ ^ > _ ( ^^^ _ ._ 
ported on pillars, and a balustrade or railing, wor< i n v .] If. A word ; a vocable, 
and sometimes partly inclosed in front with lat- 
ticework. By a popular but erroneous usage, 
often called piazza in the United States. 
+ alb(iim) + -iiic-.] An alkaloid obtained from 
I'rnilriini iillnim. 
veratrate (ve-ra'trat), . [< veratr(ic) + 
-(/rv- 1 .] In atom., a salt of veratric acid. 
Veratreae (ve-ra'tre-e), H.pl. [NL. (Salisbury, 
1812). < I 'tratntm + -.] A tribe of liliaceous, 
or expression. 
verbalist (ver'bal-ist), n. [<verbal + -ist."] One 
who deals in words merely; one skilled in words ; 
a literal adherent to or a minute critic of words ; 
a literalist; a verbarian. 
sentence. Predication Is the essential function of a verb, 
and this function Is all that makes a verb: that distinc- 
tions of tense and mode and person should be Involved In 
sometimes bulbous, plants, characterized by a a verb-form, as is the case in the languages of our family 
tall leafy stem, or with most of the leaves radi- 
cal, and by panicled or racemed and chiefly 
polygamous flowers with confluent and finally 
orbicular-peltate anther-cells. The 83 species are 
classed in 6 genera, of which Schanoeaulon, Amianthium, 
litelanthimn, and Zi/gadenus are confined to America ; the 
others, StfiiaiUhium and Veratrum (the type), occur also 
in the north of the Old World. They bear purple, green- 
ish, or white flowers, followed by septlcidal capsules, 
veratric (ve-ra'trik), (i. [< Feratr(um) + 4e. \ 
Of or pertaining to veratrine or the genus IV- 
rnfniiH.-Veratric acid, c s) H,o0 4 . the acid with which verb Inflected after the 
veratrine exists combined in Schcenoeaulon ojflcmale. It addition of -ed or -d in 
and in some other languages. Is unessential, and those 
distinctions may be and are sometimes wanting. Infini- 
tives and participles are not verbs, but only verbal nouns 
and adjectives, sharing in the constructions that belong 
to a verb. In languages like ours, the most Important verbalize (ver'bal-lz), r. ; prfit. and pp. 
classification of verbs Is into transitive and intransitive ; j :e( f p p r _ verbalizing. [= F. cerbaliser ; 
and even that Is not definite, nor founded on any essen- 
tial distinction. Abbreviated r. Auxiliary, contract, 
deponent verb. See the adjectives. Irregular verb, 
a verb not regular: in English including not only cases 
liki xi'n'i sang, sung (usually called throng verbs), but such 
IMltad li-il; mit,put; uvrk.u-rou.jht. Liquid, personal, 
reflexive verb. See the adjectives. Regular verb, n 
act of verbalizing, or 
the state of being verbalized. Also spelled 
verbalisation. 
The verbalisation. If I may so express It, of a noun Is 
now a difficult matter, and we shrink from the employ- 
ment even of well-authorized old nominal verbs. 
Q. P. Monk, Lects. on Eng. Lang., xiv. 
rerbal- 
ppr. rerbali:ing. [= F. verbaliser ; as ver- 
bal -f -i:e.] I. rrnii. To convert into a verb. 
(1. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., viii. 
II. intrans. To use many words ; be verbose 
or diffuse. 
Also spelled rerbatixe. 
the most usual model :ln F.nlsl^i.y verbally (ver'bal-i), adv. In a verbal manner, 
preterit and past participle : as, (o) In words spoken ; by words uttered ; orally. 
