viceroy 
black markings. Its larva feeds on willow, poplar, and 
plum, and hibernates in leaf-rolls. It mimics in the adult 
state (supposably for protection) the large cosmopolitan 
A nosia plcxtppus. See cut under disippus. S. H. Scitdder. 
viceroyal (vis-roi'al), . [< viceroy + -al, after 
royiil.] Pertaining to a viceroy or to viceroy- 
alty. 
A viceroyal government was expressly created for it 
I Buenos Ayres, in 1777]. 
Mrs. Horace Mann, Life in the Argentine Repub., p. 1^2. 
viceroyalty (vis-roi'al-ti), , [=F.viceroyi<i<ti : ; 
as viccnii/a/ + -ty.] The dignity, office, or ju- 
risdiction of a viceroy. Acuuson. 
Upon the question of the Viceroyalty there might be a 
difference of opinion. Nineteenth Century, XTX. 38. 
viceroyship ^yis'roi-ship), H. [< viceroy + 
eMp.J The dignity, office, or jurisdiction of a 
viceroy; viceroyalty. Fuller. 
vice-Sheriff (vls-sher'if), H. A deputy sheriff. 
Sir William Martyn, who had been elected . . . knight 
of the shire for Devon, petitioned the council against the 
undue return made by the vice-sheriff, who had substituted 
another name. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 423. 
Vice-treasurer (vis-trezh'ur-er), . A deputy 
or assistant treasurer. 
vice-treasurership (vis-trezh'ur-er-ship), . 
[< vice-treasurer + -/(//>.] The office or duties 
of a vice-treasurer. 
So many things are vacant and no acceptors : Treasury, 
Navy vacant; Vice-Treasurership of Ireland, with several 
other things that is amazing, goes begging. 
Quoted in The Academy, March 7, 1891, p. 225. 
vicetyt (vi'se-ti), . [< vice 1 + -ty (after nicely, 
etc.).] Fault; defect; imperfection. 
Old Sherewood's vicety. 
B. Jonson, Love's Welcome at Welbeck. 
Vice versa (vl'se ver'sa). [L. : vice, abl. of 
*mjc. change, alternation, alternate order (see 
vice*) ; versa, abl. fern, of versus, pp. of vertere, 
turn, turn about : see verse 1 .] The order being 
changed. The phrase has the complete force of a prop- 
osition, being as much as to say that upon a transposition 
of antecedents the consequents are also transposed. 
This very important paper is an investigation of the 
simple illusion which makes a light weight lifted after a 
heavy one seem disproportionately light, and vice verm. 
Amer. Jour. Psyckol., II. 650. 
vice-warden (vls-war'dn), . A deputy war- 
den. 
Scawen, a Cornish writer and Vice-Warden of the Stan- 
naries. Nineteenth Century, XXII. 690. 
Vicia (vis'i-a), n. [NL. (Rivinus, 1691), < L. 
vicia, a vetch: see vetch.] A genus of legumi- 
nous plants, the vetches, of the suborder Papili- 
onaceee, type of the tribe Ficicse. it is character- 
ized by a stamen-tube oblique at the apex, an ovary with 
many (rarely with two) ovules, and a style which is mostly 
filiform and more or less beaked, usually with a terminal 
dorsal tuft. About 200 species have been described, of 
which probably not over 100 are well denned. They are 
widely distributed through north temperate regions and 
South America; one species, V. saliva, long cultivated, 
is now naturalized within the southern hemisphere in 
the Old World. They are chiefly tendril-climbers, rarely 
spreading herbs, or somewhat erect. The flowers are 
usually blue, violet, or yellowish. The fruit is a com- 
pressed two-valved pod with globose seeds. The species 
are known in general as vetch. V. sativa is cultivated in 
the Old World as a fodder-crop, also under the names of 
fitches, tares, and lints; 16 or more other species are also 
useful for forage. (See (area.) Several species are valued 
for their seeds, especially V. Faba (Faba vulgarii). the 
horse-bean ol Old World cultivation (for which see Faba, 
beani, Mazagan). V. gigantea (V. Sitchetuns), a tall, ro- 
bust purple-flowered climber growing from San Fran- 
cisco to Sitka, produces seeds which when young resem- 
ble green peas in size and taste. Nine species are na- 
tives of England, 72 of Europe, about 10 in the United 
States, besides a few in Mexico ; 3 species (mentioned un- 
der tare) are locally naturalized in the United States ; s 
only are native to the Central States, of which V. Ameri- 
cana (see pea-vine) extends west, V. Cracca north, and V. 
CaroKnmna east ; the last, the Carolina vetch, is a delicate 
plant with graceful secund racemes of small lavender flow- 
ers ; V. Cracca, the tufted vetch, or cow-vetch, is also native 
in the Old World, and is much admired for its densely 
flowered racemes, which are first blue, and turn purple. 
See cuts under Faba, mucronulate, plmmde, pod, and vetch. 
Viciatet, >' t. An obsolete spelling of vitiate. 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 636. 
Vicieae (vi-si'e-e), n. pL [NL. (Bronn, 1822), < 
Vicia + -<;.] A tribe of leguminous plants, of 
the suborder Papilionacese ; the vetch tribe, it 
is characterized by a herbaceous stem, leaves abruptly 
pinnate, continued into a simple or branching tendril or 
bristle, and with their leaflets commonly minutely toothed 
at the apex. Their stipules are usually foliaceous, obi inue 
or half-sagittate; their flowers axillary and few, solitary 
or racemed ; their seeds with a funiculus expanded above 
the cotyledons thick and fleshy and not appearing above 
the ground in germination. The 6 genera include most 
of the plants known as pea and vetch the genera Cicer, 
Lens, and Pismn belonging exclusively to the Old World 
Vicia (the type), Lathyrus, and Alma also to the New. 
vicinage (vis'i-naj), . [Formerly also voisinage 
(the form vicinage being made to agree with 
vicinity, etc.); < OF. voisinage, veiuiiiaye, F. 
voisinayt. neighborhood. < reitsin, F. roixin. near. 
0748 
neighboring, < L. victims, near, neighboring: see 
riciiie, and cf. vicinity.] 1. The place or places 
adjoining or near; neighborhood; vicinity. 
That soul that makes itself an object to sin, and invites 
an enemy to view its possessions, and live in the vicinage, 
loves the sin itself. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1S35), 1. 109. 
The Protestant gentry of the vicinage. 
Macaulay, llist. Eng., xii. 
I live in a mcinaye beloved by nightingales, and where 
they often keep me awake at night. 
Mortimer Collins, Thoughts in my Garden, II. 104. 
2. The condition of being a neighbor or of be- 
ing neighborly. 
Civil war had broken up all the usual ties of vicinage and 
good neighbourhood. Scott. 
Common because of vicinage. See common, 4. 
vicinal (vis'i-nal), . [< F. vicinal = It. vicinale. 
< L. vicinalis, neighboring, < vicinity, neighbor- 
ing: see vicinv.'} Near; neighboring. [Rare.] 
Vicinal planes, in mineral., planes whose position varies 
very little from certain prominent fundamental planes: 
for example, the planes of the cube in fluor-spar are some- 
times replaced by the vicinal planes of atetrahexahedron, 
which are very nearly coincident with thoseof the cube, and 
hence are called vicinal. Vicinal surface. See surface. 
vicinet (vis'in), a. [= OF. veisin, F. voisin = 
Sp. vecino = Pg. vizinho = It. vicino, < L. viei- 
nus, near, neighboring (as a noun vieinus, m., 
vicina, t., a neighbor), lit. ' of the (same) village, 
quarter, or street, ' < vicus, a village, quarter of 
a city, street : see wick.] Same as vicinal. 
For duetie and conscience sake towards God, vnder 
whose mercifull hand nauigantsaboue all other creatures 
naturally bee most nigh and vicine. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 229. 
Pride and envy are too uncivil for a peaceable city ; the 
one cannot endure a vicine prosperity, nor the other a su- 
perior eminency. Rev. T. Adams, Works, II. 321. 
Vicinity (vi-sin'i-ti), n. [< OF. vicinM = It. 
vicinitfi,<. L. vicinita(t-)s, < vieinus, near, neigh- 
boring: see vicine.'] 1. The quality of being 
near; nearness in place; propinquity; prox- 
imity. 
The abundance and vicinity of country seats. Swijt. 
2. Neighborhood ; surrounding or adjoining 
space, district, or country. 
Gravity alone must have carried them downwards to the 
vicinity of the sun. 
Bentley, Sermon vii., A Confutation of Atheism. 
Coinmunipaw . . . is one of the numerous little villages 
in the vicinity of this most beautiful of cities [New York]. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 100. 
3. Nearness in intercourse ; close relationship. 
Their [the bishops'] vicinity and relation to our blessed 
Lord. Jer. Taylor, Episcopacy Asserted, 40. 
= Syn. Proximity, etc. See neiyUwr hood. 
viciosity (vish-i-os'i-ti), H. [Early mod. E. vici- 
ositee; < ii.vitiosita(t-)s, (. vitiosus, vicious: see 
vicious.] Depravity; viciousness; vice; lack of 
purity, as of language or style. Also spelled 
viiioeity. 
In which respect it may come to passe that what the 
Grammarian setteth downe for a viclositee in speach may 
become a vertue and no vice. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 129. 
vicious (vish'us), . [Formerly also ritious; < 
ME. vicious, < OF. vicious, vitious, vicieus, F. 
ricieux = Pr. vicios = Sp. Pg. vicioso = It. vizi- 
oso, < L. vitiosus, faulty, vicious, < ritiuni, fault, 
vice: see vice 1 .] 1. Characterized by vice or 
imperfection; faulty; defective. 
Some vicious mole of nature. Shak., Hamlet, i. 4. 24. 
Their [the logicians'] form of induction ... is utterly 
vicioits and incompetent. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
If a creature be self- neglectful, and insensible of danger, 
or if he want such a degree of passion in any kind as is 
useful to preserve, sustain, or defend himself, this must 
certainly be esteem'd vitious, in regard of the design and 
end of Nature. Shaftesbury, Inquiry, II. i. 3. 
Mannerism is pardonable, and is sometimes even agree- 
able, when the manner, though vicious, is natural. 
Macaulay, Boswell's Johnson. 
2. Addicted to vice ; habitually transgressing 
moral law ; depraved; profligate ; wicked. 
Happy the Roman state, where it was lawful, 
If our own sons were vicious, to choose one 
Out of a virtuous stock, though of poor parents, 
And make him noble. Fletcher, .Spanish Curate, i. 3. 
Wycherley . . . appears to have led, during a long 
course of years, that most wretched life, the life of a 
vicious old boy about town. 
Macaulay, Comic Dramatists of the Restoration. 
"I know his haunts, but I don't know his friends, Pen- 
dennis," the elder man said. "I don't think they are 
vicious so much as low." Thackeray, Philip, v. 
3. Contrary to moral principles or to rectitude ; 
perverse; pernicious; evil; bad. 
For which cause Richard lohnson caused the English, 
by his vicious lining, to bee worse accounted of then the 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 391. 
Every ncimu action must be self-injurious and ill. 
Shafttsbunj. Inquiry, II. ii., Conclusion. 
Vicksburg group 
When vicious passions and impulses are very strong, it 
is idle to tell the sufferer that he would be more happy if 
his nature were radically different from what it is. 
Lccky, Europ. Morals, I. 63. 
4. Impure ; foul ; vitiated : as, vicious humors. 
5. Faulty; incorrect; not pure; corrupt: as. 
a ricious style. 
Whatsoeuer transgressed those lymits, they counted it 
for vitious; and thereupon did set downe a manner of 
regiment in all speech generally to be obserued, consist- 
ing in sixe pointes. 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 130. 
It is a vicious use of speech to take out a substantive 
kernel from its content and call that its object. 
W. James, Prin. of Psychology, I. 276. 
6. Not well broken or trained; given to ob- 
jectionable tricks: said of an animal. 
He was, in fact, noted for preferring vicioux animals, 
given to all kinds of tricks, which kept the rider in con- 
stant risk of his neck. Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 439. 
7. Characterized by severity; virulent; malig- 
nant; spiteful: as, a vicioux attack. [Colloq.] 
Vicious circle. See circle. Vicious intromission. 
See intromission, 3. Vicious syllogism, a fallacy or 
sophism. ViCiOUS union, the knitting of the two frag- 
ments of a broken bone in such a way as to cause deform- 
ity of the limb or marked interference with its function. 
= Syn. 2 and 3. Wicked, Depraved, etc. (see criminal). 
unprincipled, licentious, profligate. 6. Refractory, ugly. 
viciously (vish'us-li), adv. In a vicious man- 
ner. Specifically (a) In a manner contrary to rectitude, 
virtue, or purity : as, a viciously inclined person. (6) 
Faultily ; incorrectly : as, a picture viciously painted, 
(c) Spitefully ; malignantly : as, to attack one viciously. 
viciousness (vish'us-nes), n. The quality or 
state of being vicious, (a) The quality or state of 
being imperfect ; faultiness ; imperfection ; def ectiveness ; 
as, the viciousness of a system or method, (b) Corruptness 
of moral principles or practice ; habitual violation of the 
mi .ml law or disregard of moral duties ; depravity in prin- 
ciples or in manners. 
When we in our viciousness grow hard. 
Shak., A. and C., iii. 13. 111. 
The best and most excellent of the old law-givers and 
philosophers among the Greeks had an allay of vicious- 
ness. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 25. 
(c) Unruliness; trickiness ; bad training, as of a shying or 
bolting horse. 
A broken-down plough-horse, that had outlived almost 
everything but his viciousness. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 430. 
(d) Spitefulness ; malignancy. 
vicissitude (vi-sis'i-tud), n. [= F. vicissitmli 
= Sp. vicisitud = Pg. vicissitude, < L. vicissitu- 
do, change, < vicissim, by turns, < *vix (vie-), 
change: see vice*.] 1 . Regular change or suc- 
cession of one thing to another; alternation. 
God created them equal!, but by this it came to passe 
that the vicissitude or intercourse of day and night was 
vncertaine. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 260. 
Grateful vicissitude, like day and night. 
Milton, P. L., vi. 8. 
2. A passing from one state or condition to 
another ; irregular change ; revolution ; muta- 
tion : as, the vicissitudes of fortune. 
But it is not good to look too long upon these turning 
wheels of vicissitude, lest we become giddy. 
Bacon, Vicissitudes of Things (ed. 1887). 
His whole life rings the changes hot and cold, in and 
out, off and on, to and fro : he is peremptory in nothing 
but in vicissitudes. Kev. T. Adams, Works, I. 505. 
As long as there are Men, there must be malignant Hu- 
mours, there must be Vices, and vicissitudes of Things. 
llovxll, Letters, I. vi. 45. 
.Sometimes 'tis grateful to the rich to try 
A short vicissitude, and fit of poverty. 
Dryden, tr. of Horace's Odes, I. xiir. 23. 
But vicissitudes so extraordinary as those which marked 
the reign of Charles the Second can only be explained by 
supposing an utter want of principle in the political world. 
Macaulay. Hallam's Const. Hist. 
The whirlpool of political vicissitude, which makes the 
tenure of office generally so fragile. 
Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, Int., p. 12. 
vicissitudinary (vi-sis-i-tu'di-na-ri), a. [< L. 
rieissitudo (-din-), vicissitude, + -ary,~] Sub- 
ject to vicissitudes ; exhibiting or characterized 
by a succession of changes ; vieissitudinous. 
We say . . . the days of man [are] vicwsititdinary, as 
though he had as many good days as ill. 
Donne, Devotions, p. 318. 
Vieissitudinous (vi-sis-i-tu'di-nus), . [< L. 
cieisffitudo (-din-), vicissitude, + -ous.~\ Char- 
acterized by or subject to a succession of 
changes ; vicissitudinary. 
ViClSSy duck. [< t'ieixsy, a local name (cf. Sp. 
riei-cilin, a humming-bird), + E. rfcA' 2 .] The 
widow-duck. Siiiimoitdx. 
Vicksburg group. In yeol., a division of the 
Tertiary, of importance in the Gulf States from 
Florida west to Mississippi. The name Vicksbuiy 
was given by Conrad, who referred this group to the 
Oligocene, a reference which has been confirmed by Heil- 
prin, who, however, prefers the name Orbtioidal, given 
with reference to the great abundance of Orbituiilen Man- 
telli. the most distinctive fossil of these beds. 
