vituperation 
perate.] The act of vituperating; censure with 
abusive terms ; abuse ; railing. 
When a man becomes untractable anil inaccessible by 
fierceness and pride, tlien vituperation comes upon him, 
and privation of honour follows him. 
Donne, Hist. Septuagint (1633), p. 15f>. 
= Syn. Ob] luxation, scolding, reviling, upbraiding. 
vituperative (vi-tu'pe-ra-tiv), a. [= It. vitupc- 
rativo; as vituperate + -ive.] Serving to vitu- 
perate ; containing or expressing abusive cen- 
sure; abusive. 
As these Cleopatra barges floated along with their soft 
burden, torrents of vituperative epithet were poured upon 
them by the rough children of Neptune. 
W. Ware, Zenobia, I. 3. 
= Syn. Opprobrious, scurrilous. 
vituperatively (vl-tu'pe-ra-tiv-li), adv. In a 
vituperative manner ; w'itli vituperation ; abu- 
sively. 
Vituperator (vi-tu'pe-ra-tor), n. 1= Sp. Pg. 
vituperador = It. vituperatore, < L. vituperator, 
a blamer, a censurer, < vituperare, blame: see 
vituperate.] One who vituperates; one who 
censures abusively ; a reprehender ; a re viler. 
The election of Luttrell, one of the fiercest vttuperators 
of the City democrats. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xiii. 
Vituperioust (vi-tu-pe'ri-us), a. [Irreg. < vitii- 
per(ate) + -i-ous.] Constituting or conveying 
vituperation; disgraceful. [Bare.] 
A vituperious and vile name. 
Shelton, tr. of Don Quixote, iv. 0. (Lattiam.) 
viure (ve'ur), n. [OF. viure.] In her., a very 
slender band or ribbon which may cross the field 
in any direction, and as to the width and char- 
acter of which much liberty is allowed. Thus, a 
viure nebuly in bend may be a ribbon curved like the line 
nebuly, and having a general direction bendwise. Also 
wiure and viurie. 
viuva (vyo'va), n. A scorpsenoid fish, Sebasto- 
des (Sebastosomus) ovalis, one of the rockfishes 
of the coast of California, where it is found in 
deep water, and is not common. The body is deep, 
with almost oval profile ; the color is olivaceous tinged with 
light red, especially on the under parts, and variously spot- 
ted with black both on the body and on the fins ; the length 
attained is a foot or more. 
Viva (ve'va), interj. [It. (= F. rive), (long) 
live, 3d prs. sing, iinpv. of vivere, < L. vivere, 
live.] An Italian exclamation corresponding to 
the French vive, 'long live.' Often used sub- 
stantively: as, the vivas of the crowd. 
Whereat the popular exultation drunk 
With indrawn vivas the whole sunny air, 
While through the murmuring windows rose and sunk 
Mrs. Browning, Casa Guidi Windows, i. 
vivace (ve-va'che), a. [It., = B. vivacious.] 
In music, lively : noting passages to be rendered 
with rapidity of pace and brilliancy of style. 
The term is used either absolutely or to qual- 
ify indications of pace, as allegro vivace. 
vivacious (vl- or vi-va'shus), a. [== F. vivace 
= Sp. Pg. vivaz-= It. vivace, < L. vivax (vlvac-), 
lively, quick, eager, also tenacious of life, long- 
lived, < vivere, live: see vivid.] 1. Having 
vigorous powers of life ; long-lived ; tenacious 
of life. 
Though we should allow them their perpetual calm and 
equability of heat, they will never be able to prove that 
therefore men would be so vivacious as they would have 
us believe. Bentley. 
'Tis in the Seventh *neid what, the Eighth? 
Bight thanks, Abate though the Christian 'a dumb, 
The Latinist 's vivacious in you yet ! 
Browning, Ring and Book, II. 290. 
2. Lively; active; sprightly in temper or con- 
duct; proceeding from or characterized by 
sprightliuess. 
People of a more vivacious temper . . . [than] mere Hol- 
landers. Howett, Forreine Travell (ed. Arber), p. 62. 
Here, if the poet had not been vivacious. 
Steele, Spectator, No. 43. 
= Syn. 2. Animated, brisk, gay, merry, jocund, light- 
hearted, sportive, frolicsome. See animation. 
Vivaciously (vi- or vi-va'shus-li), adv. In a vi- 
vacious manner; with vivacity, life, or spirit, 
vivaciousness (vi- or vi-va'shus-nes), n. If. The 
state of being long-lived ; longevity. 
Such their . . . vivaciousness they outlive most men 
Fuller, Worthies, Devonshire, I. 399. 
2. The state or character of being vivacious; 
vivacity; liveliness. Bailey, 1727. 
vivacissimo (ve-va-chis'i-mo), a. [It., superl. 
of vivace : see vivace.] In music, very lively : 
noting passages to be rendered with great ra- 
pidity and brilliancy. 
Vivacity (vi- or vi-vas'i-ti), n. [< F. vivacite = 
Sp. vivacidad = Pg. vivacidade = It. vivacitd, < 
L. vivacita(t-)s, vital force, tenacity or vigor of 
life, < vivax (vivac-), lively, tenacious of life: 
see vivacious.] If. Vital force; vigor. 
6776 
Aire, . . . of all the Elements the most noble, and full- 
est of meacitie and liuelyhood. 
Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 156. 
2f. Tenacity of life ; hence, length of life ; lon- 
gevity. 
James Sands of Horborn ... in this county is most 
remarkable for his vivacitti ; for he lived . . . 140 years. 
Fuller, Worthies, Staffordshire, III. 140. 
3. Liveliness of manner or character; spright- 
liness of temper or behavior; animation; life; 
briskness; cheerfulness; spirit. 
Heat and vivacity in age is an excellent composition for 
business. Bacon, Youth and Age. 
It is remarkable that those who want any one sense 
possess the others with greater force and vivacity. 
Steele, Spectator, No. 4. 
Memory even in early childhood never functions alone ; 
... it is or appears to be essentially connected with the 
vivacity of the perceptions and the exactitude of the judg- 
ments. B. Perez, quoted in Mind, XII. 284. 
4. That which is vivacious; a vivacious act or 
saying. [Bare.] 
"Jacques Damour," ... in spite of a few vivacities at 
speech, is a play with which the censure, to escape which 
is a principal object of the Theatre Libre, would not dream 
of meddling. Atheneeum, No. 3198, p. 189. 
= Syil. 3. Life, Liveliness, etc. See animation. 
vivandiere (ve-von-di-ar'), . [F., fern, of vi- 
vandier = Sp. vivandero = Pg. vivandeiro, < It. 
vivandiere, a sutler, < vivanda, food: see viand.] 
A woman attached to French and other con- 
tinental regiments, who sells provisions and 
liquor. Vivandieres Btill exist in the French army, but 
the uniform, which was generally a modified form of that 
of the regiment, has been abandoned by order. 
vivarium (vl-va'ri-um), n.; pi. vivariums, viva- 
ria (-umz, -a). [< L. vivarium, an inclosure in 
which game, fish, etc., are kept alive, < vivus, 
living, alive, < vivere, live: see vivid.] A place 
where animals of any kind are kept alive in 
their natural state as far as possible ; a vivary ; 
a zoological park. A vivarium may be adapted to all 
kinds of animals ; one for special purposes may be called 
by a particular name. A place for fish, etc., is an aqua- 
rium (of which the generic opposite is terrarium) ; for 
birds, an aviary; for frogs, a ranarium ; for mollusks, a 
snaUery, etc. A vivarium in popular language takes its 
name from the animals kept in it, as piggery, hennery, etc. 
There is also adjoining to it a vivarium for estriges, pea- 
cocks, swanns, cranes, etc. Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 17, 1844. 
vivary (vi'va-ri), n. ; pi. vivaries (-riz). [< L. 
vivarium: see vivarium.] A vivarium. [Bare.] 
The garden has every variety, hills, dales, rocks, grooves, 
aviaries, vivaries, fountaines. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 22, 1644. 
That cage and vivary 
Of fowls and beasts. 
Donne, Progress of the Soul, iii. 
vivat (vi'vat), n. [= F. vivat (as L.), also vive 
= It. Sp. Pg. viva ; < L. vivat, 3d pers. sing. pres. 
subj. of vivere, live : see vivid. Cf. viva, vive 2 .] 
An exclamation of applause or joy ; a viva. 
Twenty-seven millions travelling on such courses, with 
gold jingling in every pocket, with vivats heaven high, 
are incessantly advancing ... to the firm land's end. 
Carlyle. 
viva VOce (vi'va vo'se). [L., by or with the 
living voice: viva, abl. sing. fern, of vivus, liv- 
ing; voce, abl. sing, of vox, voice: see voice.] 
By word of mouth; orally. It is sometimes 
used attributively : as, a viva voce vote. 
The king's attorney, on the contrary, 
Urg'd on the examinations, proofs, confessions 
Of divers witnesses ; which the duke desired 
To have brought viva voce to his face. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., ii. 1. 18. 
Nothing can equal a viva-voee examination for trying a 
candidate's knowledge in the contents of a long history or 
philosophical treatise. The Nation, XLVIII. 306. 
vivda, . See vifda. 
viverrme 
viyeret, . [ME., < OF. vivier, < L. vivarium, a 
vivarium: see vivarium.] A vivarium. 
And before the Mynstre of this Ydole is a Vyvere, in 
maner of a gret Lake fulle of Watre : and there in Pil- 
grymcs casten Gold and Sylver, Perles and preeyous 
Stones, with outen nombre, in stede of Offrynges. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 174. 
Viverra (vi-ver'a), n. [NL., < L. viverra, a fer- 
ret.] A Linneaij genus of carnivorous quadru- 
peds which contained C species (now placed in 
different modern families), and which has by 
successive restrictions been confined to the true 
civets as the type of the family Viverridse. See 
cuts under ciret-cat and tangalung. 
Viverridae (vi-ver'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < Viverra 
+ -idee,.] A family of carnivorous mammals, 
of the asluroid or feline series of the fissiped 
Ferte, typified by the genus Viverra. The family 
has been made to cover a miscellaneous assortment of 
animals, such as the coatis and bassarids of the New 
World, some of the Mmtelidee, the kinkajou (Cerculeptes), 
the Cryptoproctidee, etc. Excluding all these, the Viver- 
ridse constitute a natural and very extensive and diversi- 
fied family of small cat-like or weasel-like carnivorous 
quadrupeds, digitigrade, or almost plantigrade, generally 
with long, low body, short legs, long and sometimes pre- 
hensile or curly tail, and long, sharp snout, and for the 
most part provided with peculiar anal glands secreting 
the substance called civet or a similar product. All the 
Viverridse belong to the Old World, in the wanner parts of 
which their genera, species, and individuals abound. Their 
nearest relatives are the hyenas. In the seluroid series 
(see jKluroidea) the Viverridae are distinguished by the 
number of their teeth, which are thirty-four to forty, there 
being on each side of the upper jaw two molars (excep- 
tionally one), four premolars (exceptionally three), one ca- 
nine, and three incisors ; and on each side of the under jaw 
two molars, four premolars (exceptionally three), one ca- 
nine, and three incisors; the upper inolars and the back 
lower molar are tuberculate. The Viverridse fall naturally 
into two main divisions, based primarily upon certain cra- 
nial characters, and distinguished outwardly by the arched 
toes and sharp r.etractile claws of "the one section, as con- 
trasted with the straight toes and blunt claws of the other : 
these are respectively styled seluropod or cat-footed, and 
cynopod or dog-footed. The former is the viverrine sec- 
tion in strictness, the latter the herpestine section ; each 
has several subfamilies, (a) To the viverrine section belong 
the typical civets and genets, forming the subfamily Viver- 
rinffi ; the prionodons, Prionodontinx ; the galidians, Ga- 
lidiinse; the palm-cats or paradoxures, with curly tails, 
Paradoxurinse ; the binturongs, Arctictidinse ; the hemi- 
gales, Hemigalinte ; and the cynogales, Cynogalime. (See 
cuts under civet-cat, Cynogale, Galidictis, genet, musang, 
nandine, and tangalung.) (b) To the herpestine section 
belong the numerous ichneumons, mongooses, etc., form- 
ing the restricted Herpestime, of which upward of 12 gen- 
era and many species are known ; the cynictis, Cynicti- 
dinse; the Rhinogalinse ; and the suricates, Crossar'chinse. 
(See cuts under Cynictis, ichneumon, and Suricata.) In all, 
there are some 30 genera of Viverridse, of 11 subfamilies 
of 2 sections. Besides furnishing the civet of commerce, 
the Viverridse take the place of ordinary cats and weasels 
in destroying smaller vermin, and some of them are of 
the greatest service, owing to their destruction of venom- 
ous reptiles, crocodiles' eggs, etc. 
viverriform (vl-ver'i-form), a. [< L. viverra, 
ferret, + forma, form.] Viverrine in form 
and structure: noting the large series of Old 
World quadrupeds of the families Viverridse and 
Eupleridse. 
Viverrinse (viv-e-ri'ne), . pi. [NL., < Viverra 
+ -inx.] A division of Viverridse,. (a) Broadly, 
one of two subfamilies of Viverridse, the other being Her- 
pestime, distinguishing the civets, genets, etc., from the 
ichneumons, etc.; the cat-footed Viverridse, as distin- 
guished from the dog-footed series of the same, (b) Nar- 
rowly, one of 11 subfamilies of Viverridse, including only 
the civets and genets proper, of the genera Viverra, Viver- 
Vive 1 (viv), a. [< F. vif, fern, vive, lively, 
quick, < L. vivus, alive, < vivere, live : see vivid.] 
If. Lively; vivid; vivacious; forcible. Bacon, 
War with Spain. 
Not that I am able to express by words, or utter by elo- 
quence, the vive image of my own inward thankfulness. 
Wilson's James I. (flares.) 
2. "Bright; clear; distinct. [Scotch.] 
Vive 2 (vev), inter). [F. (= It. viva), 3d pers. 
sing. impv. of vivre, live: see viva, vivat.] Long 
live: as, vive le roi, long live the king; vive la 
bagatelle, success to trifles or sport. 
Viyelyt (vrv'li), adv. [< vive 1 + -fy2.] In a 
vivid or lively manner. 
Where statues and Joves acts were vively limn'd. 
Marston, Sophonisba, iv. 1. 
A thing vively presented on the stage. 
B. Jonson, Magnetick Lady, ii. 1. 
vivencyt (yi'ven-si), n. [< L. viven(t-)s, ppr. 
of vivere, live,"+ -ey.] Manner of living. 
Although not in a distinct and indisputable way of vi- 
vency. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., ii. 1. 
Rasse (Vrverricula malaccensis). 
ricula, and Genetta, having the body comparatively ro- 
bust and cat-like, and the molars 2 above and 1 below on 
each side. See also cuts under civet-cat, genet, and tanga- 
lung. 
viverrine (vi-ver'in), a. and n. [< NL. viverri- 
nus, < L. viverra, a ferret: see viverra,.] I. a. 
Of or pertaining to the Viverridse ; viverriform 
in a proper sense; more particularly, belong- 
ing to the Viverrinse, ; not herpestine Viverrine 
cat, the wagati, F elis viverrina of India, a true cat. Vi- 
verrine dasyure, a variety of Dasyurui! mangei of South 
Australia and Tasmania. 
II. ii. A member of the Viverridif, and espe- 
cially of the Viverrinse. 
Also i-ircrriii. 
