vivers 
Vivers (viVviT/), )i. j>l. [< V. riw., 
< i-n-i'i-, live. < L. rii-i-n; live. ( '!'. riitnil. | Food; 
eataliles; victuals. (Scotch.] 
I coiiM never uway with r:tw oatim-al, Hlockencd with 
water, in nil my life. Call it ilraim ..... -k m- cmudie, ..r 
JiiHt what ye list, my civem must thulr tin- ami Hatn. 
, I'lriitc, %. 
Vives (vivx.)i " /'' (Also eoi-niptly. fti'i'S ; short- 
filed from nrinv, < < >!'. nrii-i-x. also vivcit, a dis- 
c;isi- of horses. < Sp. itrinix, mlirnx = I'g. inlilii 
(cf. II. rii'nlc, Ml,, rinilir), a d is. a se of animals, 
< Av. mlilliilni, < /, tin-, + illiilin, slic-wnlf.] A 
disease of tiniiiiiils, particularly of horses, anil 
more especially of young horses at grass, lo- 
cated in the glands under the ear, win-re a tu- 
mor is formed which sometimes ends in Sup- 
puration. 
yivt-a, " (YrtaiiH 1 kirnels growing under the horssct* 
cure." Toptell, 1607, p. 30. (UaUiiueU.) 
Viviani's problem. See in-oWein. 
Viylanite (viv'i-an-it), n. [Named after J. H. 
I'ii-itiii, an English metallurgist.] In mineral., 
a hydrous phosphate of iron protoxid, occurring 
crystallized, also cleavable, massive, fibrous, 
and earthy, nearly colorless when altered, but 
on exposure becoming Ijlue or green. The earthy 
variety, called blur iron earth or native Prussian blue, is 
MMHBMI used as a pigment. 
vivid (viv'id), . [< L. vividux, animated, spir- 
ited, < virere, live, akin to vita, life, Gr. plot, 
life, Skt. \/ jir, live: see vital and quick.] 1. 
Exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness; 
animated; bright; clear; lively; fresh; strong; 
intense : as, the vivid colors of the rainbow ; the 
vivid green of flourishing vegetables. 
The fullest and must vivid eolours. 
Newton, Optlcks, I. II. 111. 
Vivid was the light 
Which flashed at this from out the other's eye. 
Wordsirorth. 
All yielding is attended with a less fit id consciousness 
than resistance. ISennjc Eliot, Mill on the Floss, vl. IS. 
A good style is the vivid expression of clear thinking. 
Huxley, Pop. Sol. Mo., XXJX. 481. 
2. Producing a distinct and strong impression 
on the mind; presented to the mind with ex- 
ceptional clearness and force ; of a mental fac- 
ulty, having a clear and vigorous action. 
Where the genius is bright, and the imagination vivid, 
the power of memory may lie too much neglected and lose 
Its improvement. Watts, Improvement of the Mind, i. 17. 
Pope, whose I'iriif genius almost persuaded wit to re- 
nounce its proper nature and become poetic. 
Lowell, New Princeton Rev., I. 169. 
Somewhere in the list of our 'imaginations of absent 
feelings there must be found the vividest of all. These 
optical reproductions of real form are the vividest of all. 
W. James, Prill, of 1'sychol., II. 200. 
= Syn. 1. Lucid, striking, lustrous, luminous, vigorous. 
vividity (vi-vid'i-ti), n. [< vivid + -ity.] 1. 
The character or state of being vivid; vivid- 
ness. [Rare.] 
Strength of attention, clearness of discernment, ampli- 
tude of comprehension, i-iriilitif ami rapidity of imagina- 
tion. i:, i, i/ni in. Introd. to Morals and Legislation, vi. 14. 
2f. Vitality. 
The withdrawing of competent meat and drink from 
the body . . . makes way for dryness, whence the kindly 
heat (which, like other fire, might he a good servant. 
must needs be an ill master), getting more than due and 
wonted strength, . . . turns on that substantial viridity, 
exsiccating and consuming it. 
Kev. T. Adams, Works, I. 430. 
vividly (viv'id-li), dr. In a vivid manner; so 
as to be vivid, in any sense. 
vividness (\ iv'id-nes), n. The property of be- 
ing vivid, in any sense ; vividity. 
All great steps in science require a peculiar distinctness 
and vividness of thought in the discoverer. Whewell. 
viyiflc ( vi-vif 'ik), a. [= P. riv(fique = Sp. riri- 
Jico = Pg. It. vivifico, < LL. virificus, making 
alive, quickening: see vivify.] Giving life; re- 
viving; enlivening; vivifying. [Rare.] 
Without whose [the sun's) salutary and vivilic beams all 
motion . . . would speedily cease, and nothing be left 
here below but darkness and death. 
Ray, Works of Creation, I. 
viviflcal (vi-vif'i-kal), a. [< vivific + -al.] 
Same as vivific. 
viviflcant (vi-vif 'i-kant), a. [= OF. vivijiant = 
Sp. Pg. vivificautc, ( LL. vivifican(t-)s, ppr. of 
rii-iiintrc, make alive : see vivify.] Vivific ; vivi- 
fying. Ifolliiiiil, tr. of Plutarch, p. 685. 
viyiflcate (vi-vif'i-kat), t>. t. ; pret. and pp. vi- 
rijii-iitril, ppr. rinjirnthiii. [< LL. riritii-ii'.iis, 
pp. of vivifieare, make alive: see vivify.] 1. 
To give life to ; animate; vivify. [Rare.] 
With his understanding free to think of other things, 
even as flod viviricatt* and actuates the wluile world, being 
yet wholly frci- In contemplate himself. 
Dr. 11. .Hun; rliilomiphic Cabbala, I- 
0777 
2. In "lit rlii-iii.. lo re-ior,' or reduce to the nat- 
ural state or to the metallic state, as a snl> 
stance from a solution or a metal from an 
oxid; revive. 
Viviflcation ( vi v i-li-ka'slion ). n. [< P. viriji'-n- 
lion = Sp. fin linn-inn I'-;. <'"''./i<viy<JVi = It. 
Jii-/i:inin. < |J,. ririjiratin(n-), a making alive, 
a qniekenin^, < ririfn-ni-r, pp. virifiratux, make 
alive: see >"<///.] 1. The act of vivifying, or 
the state of being vivified; the act of giving 
life: revival. [Rare.] 
The nature of vMficativn is best Inquired In creatures 
bred of putn ! Baton, Nat Hint., ( DBS. 
Sub. And when come* vitijlcatianf 
Fact. After mortification. 
/;. Jmtton, Alchemist, ii. 1. 
It | the heart] is the member that hath first life In man, 
and it Is the last that dies In man, mid to all the ..tli. i 
members gives viviftaitivn. Hrv. T. Adams, Works, I. i'*. 
2. In jiliyniol., the transformation of proteid 
matter into living tissue, occurring as the final 
stage of assimilation. 
viviflcative (viv'i-fl-ka-tiv), a. [<vivifieate + 
-tee.] Capable of vivifying. [Rare.] 
That lower mmfcatirx principle of his soul did grow 
. . . strong, and did . . . vigorously, and with ... ex- 
ultant sympathy and joy. actuate his vehicle. 
Dr. H. More, Philosophic Cabbala, II. 
vivifier (viv'i-fi-er), . One who vivifies; a 
quickener. 
He [man) has need of a Vim/ter, because he Is ded. 
>v. Augustine, On Nature and Once (tram.), xxv. 
vivify (viv'i-fi), p.; pret. and pp. vivified, ppr. 
vivifying. [< P. vivifier = Sp. Pg. vivificar = 
It. v ivificare,< LL. vivifieare, make alive, restore 
to life, quicken (cf. vivificus, making alive), < 
vivus, alive, + facere, make, <lo.] I. trans. To 
make to be living; endue with life; animate; 
enliven ; inspire as if with life. Harvey. 
. . rather Irritated and mvifietl the 
IX yuiucey, PhUos. of Rom. Hist. 
vivisepultnre 
liisinlnuU excepting luonoli. m. -, t... l.n.N, maii> rrj.til. -. 
I it ij.:i!'.ln 1 n\ . 1 1. I'l.i't - an !n..tl> 
ovipnriiiiH, in stiiiie caiu-s ov\ ivipurous, in a l> .v . 
roils. 
2. In lint.. gcriniiiiitiiiL' or stnoutinj,' fp 
s. id or Inn! wliieh is still on tin- parent plant. 
ThAtorra U also sometimes equivalent t..^./.,/ 
plied U> grasses, rashes, sedge*, it. . .... -i. 
From an examination of the structure of riripariDi* 
grasses. 
Viviparous blenny. Zmireet vivinarv*{t"i<i:< -ilj Itlennt- 
us mviparwt), a fish of the family Igttdlam. See Xi-orta. 
Viviparous flSb, a li-h wlin h l.m,-- I. .itli alive, espe- 
cially a viviparous perch. Num. i...r- .>H.. i ij-!,.-, i 
INK iiidiilrient l.iimli. - ue <.( tin, i linracter, HI m-ail) if 
not all of the /,i/ri*/ii/.r, in. In. ling the so-called viviparous 
lilenny, certain scorpsenolils, cyprlnodonts, blind-fishes, 
and most iliarks and rays. Viviparous knotweed, th.- 
serpent-grass, I'ulyyonum *Mpttrvm.- Vlrlpixous lli- 
ard, the Iirltlih Xootaca nripart. **, Zoatocm. Vlrlp- 
arous perch. SeejwreAl, /ur/.jUA, and Ktmbiotoeid*. 
Vlylparous shell, any member of the Vitiparia*. 
Viviparously (vi-vip'a-rus-li), mlr. In a vivip- 
arous manner; by viviparity. 
Viviparousness (vi-vip'a-rus-nes), H. Same as 
Winds of hostility 
sense of security. 
Her childish features were vivified and enlightened by 
an expression of innocent Intelligence charming to be- 
hold. The Century, XXXVIII. 213. 
II. intrans. To impart life or animation. 
The second Adam, sleeping in a vivifying death, onely 
for the saluation of Mankind.-, should sanctiBe his Spouse 
the Church by those Sacraments which were deriueu out 
of his side. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 874. 
Viviparat (vi-vip'a-rfi)i n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
of LL. vivii>arus, viviparous: see viviparous.] 
Those vertebrates which are viviparous: an old 
division, contrasted with Ovipara, and contain- 
ing the mammals. De lilainvillf. The division is 
worthless, as some mammals are oviparous, and many of 
the lower vertebrates are viviparous, as arc also some in- 
vertebratea. The name is a survival of the millttest from 
the time of Aristotle, the later Vivipara or ZoMoka being 
the ^woroKouKTa .'r avToic (mam ma! M of that author. 
Viviparidae (viv-i-par'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < tt- 
vipurs (the typical genus) + -<te.] A fami- 
ly of tienioglossate gastropods, 
tvpified by the genus Vieipariut. 
They have a flat loot, moderate ros- 
trum, elongate tentacles, with one of 
which the male organ is adnate, eyes 
on prominences at the outer bases of 
the tentacles, radular teeth S, 1, :;, the 
median broad, the lateral obliquely ob- 
long, and the marginal with narrow 
bases or unguifonn ; the shell spiral, 
with a continuous peritreme, and a 
more or leas concentric operculum. It 
is a cosmopolitan group of fresh-water 
shells. Representatives of four genera 
occur in the t'nlted States, but of one only in Europe. 
They have often been called Paludinida. 
viviparity (viv-i-par'i-ti), . [< vivipar(ous) + 
-ity.] The state, character, or condition of be- 
ing viviparous; the act, process, or result of 
bringing forth alive. 
viviparoid (vi-vip'a-roid), a. and n. I. o. Of or 
relating to the liciparidee. 
II. . One of the Viviparidx. 
viviparous (vi-vip'a-rus), a. [= P. riviparc = 
Sp. riripuro = Pg. It. viviparo, < LL. viviparun, 
that brings forth young alive, < L. vivug, alive, 
+ parere, bring forth, produce.] 1. Bringing 
forth alive; having young which maintain vas- 
cular vital connection with the body of the pa- 
rent until they are born in a comparatively 
advanced stage of development; reproducing 
by birth, not oy hatching from an egg which 
is laid and afterward incubated: correlated 
with oviparous and ovoviviparous. See these 
words, and (</</ '. In strictness, all metazoic animals 
and some protozoans are oviparous, since they produce 
ova ; but the distinction subsists in the duration of the 
period in which the product of conception remains in 
the body of the parent. If the egg is (juickly extruded, 
the animal is oviparous ; if it is separated from the mother, 
tint hatches inside the Ixnly, owtvivipartnu ; If it comes 
to term in n womb, viviparous. Among vertebrates, all 
Vmparns (vi-vip'a-rus). . |NL. (Montfort, 
1810), < LI., i-in/Hiri!*: see / 1; I/KI/..IO. | The 
typical genus of VMjmridie, 
to which very different limits 
have been ascribed, but al- 
ways including such species 
as V.vulgaris and V. contn-ins 
of Europe. Several closely related 
species Inhabit the United State*, M 
V. ataryuHHU and V. conteetaida. 
viviperception (viv'i-ptr- 
sep shon), H. [< L. rifiw, liv- 
s ctmtef- 
tns, one of the Krt'r 
farut*. 
percep- 
lion.) The' observation of 
physiological functions or vi- 
tal processes in their natural 
action without dissection of 
the living body : distinguished 
from observation by means ,-,;. H,i i^^i':ii 
of vivisection. J. J. 0. tl'Min- S'3Hi *** *"* 
"mi. [Rare.] 
vivisect (viv-i-sekt';, r. [< L. vivux, living, + 
sectus, pp. of secure, cut.] I. trans. To dissect 
the living body of; practise vivisection upon ; 
anatomize, as a living animal, .ttheinruui. No. 
3200, p. 252. [Recent.] 
II. iittranx. To practise vivisection; dissect 
a living animal. [Recent.] 
vivisection (viv-i-sek'shon), w. [< P. vivisection 
=: Sp. vivisection, < L. vivus, living, + sectio(ti-), 
a cutting: see section.] Dissection of a living 
body; the practice of anatomizing alive, or of 
experimenting upon living animals, for the 
purpose of investigating some physiological 
function or pathological process which cannot 
well be otherwise determined, vivisection strict- 
ly includes only cutting operations; but the term Is ex- 
tended to any physiological experimentation upon living 
animals, as compression of parts by ligatures, subjection 
of the creature to special conditions of atmospheric pres- 
sure, temperature, and food, exhibition of poisons or other 
drugs, Inoculation of disease, etc. Vivisection in compe- 
tent and humane hands, under proper slid reasonable re- 
strictions, is fruitful of good results to the sciences of 
physiology and pathology. 
The Vivisection Act of 1876 . . . is Intended for the pro- 
tection of vertebrate animals liable to be employed alive 
in physiological experiments. Kiu-in: Brit., XV. 7. 
Painless vivisection, calllsectlon. 
vivisectional (viv-i-sek'shon-al), a. [< riri- 
sectioit + -til.] Of or pertaining to vivisection. 
The best way to enter the subject will he to take a 
lower creature, like a frog, and study by the riri-etuuuil 
method the functions of his different nerve-centres. 
W. Jatnet, Prill, of Psychol., I. 111. 
vivisectionist (viv-i-sek'shon-ist), . [< riri- 
section + -ist.] A vivisector; also, one who fa- 
vors or defends the practice of vivisection. 
Physiology, it is said, can scarcely be called a science as 
yet, and the contributions of rivitectionist* to the under- 
standing and Amelioration of human suffering have been 
almost nothing. Q. S. Hull, Oerman Culture, p. -.11. 
vivisector (viv-i-sek'tor), w. [< L. ririm. living. 
+ sector, a cutter: see sector.] One who prac- 
tises vivisection. 
A judge or jury might have opinions as to the compara- 
tive value of the results obtained which would differ wide- 
ly from those of the vivurrtor himself. 
Bucfi Handbook o/ Med. Science*, VII. G 
vivisectorium (viv'i-sek-to'ri-um), .; pi. riri- 
sectoria (-). [NL. : see vivisect.] A place 
where vivisections are made. 
students have turned away sickened not onl> from tin 
titifectarium but from the study of medicine. 
I!. S. Halt, German Culture, p. ID. 
vivisepulture (viv-i-sep'ul-tur), n. [< L. i-ii-ii.i, 
living, + Mepnltuni, burial : see sepulture.] The 
burial of a person alive. [Rare.] 
