volatilizable 
volatilizable (voi'H-H D-Eg-bl), a, [<volatttia 
+ -///'.) I 'apaltle of lieini; volat ili/.ed. Also 
spelled nililtilmillilr. 
Volatilization (vol-a-til-i-zii'shon), n. [< F. 
volatilisation = Sp. volatMmtion = ly. MI/- 
li/ixiirt~tn It. inlnlili: .n:.i,i,,, : M OofatU 
-iitiini.] The net or process i >f volatili/ing, etlie- 
reali/.iii";. ordifl'nsiii";; the art or process ot ren- 
dering volatile, limjlr. Also spelled i-n/iitili- 
.111 1 inn. 
Modern Sociology Juts out Into the sea of Time two op- 
ponite promontories: the promontory of I'.' 
the dispersion of the individual Into the ci immunity, and 
the promontory of Solidification, or the concentration of 
the community into the individual. 
/."-m/moii, Creative Week, p. 112. 
The residue thus left by volattlizatinn of the alcohol was 
neutralized with milk of lime. Scicnw, XIII. 881. 
volatilize (vol'a-til-I/.), r. ; pret. and pp. rola- 
tili~i'<l, ppr. volatilizing. |< !'. mlntiliser = Sp. 
ri>liilili,:nr = I'g. rolatilisar = It. volatili::itrf ; 
as mliitilf + -i:c.] I. I/V/H.S-. To cause to exhale 
or evaporate; cause to pass off or be diffused in 
vapor or invisible effluvia. 
In temperature as well as brightness, the voltaic arc 
exceeds all other artificial sources of heat; by its means 
the most refractory substances are fused and mlatiliad. 
G. B. frttcott, Elect. Invent., p. 401. 
IJIUTSHM, on his part, lias volatilized the essence of New 
F.ngland thought into wreaths of spiritual beauty. 
Stedman, Poets of America, p. 98. 
II. intranx. To become volatile; pass off or 
lie diffused in the form of vapor. 
It Imercury] also mlatiluei entirely by heat. 
G. Gore, Electro-Metal., p. 368. 
As the temperature increases we find . . . metals which 
mliitiliu at a low temperature. 
J. y. Lockyer, Pop. Scl. Mo., XXXVIII. 77. 
Also spelled volatilise. 
volation (vo-la'shqn), n. [< L. volare, pp. vo- 
latus, fly: see votiint.] Flight, as of a bird; 
the faculty or power of flight ; volitation : as, 
"the muscles of volation," Coues. 
volational (vo-la'shon-al), n. [< rotation + 
-al.] Of or pertaining to volation, or the fac- 
ulty of flight. 
volator (vo-la'tpr), . [< NL. volator, < L. no- 
Ian: fly: s'ee volant.] That which flies; spe- 
cifically, a flying-fish. 
vol-au-vent (vol'o-von'), n. [F., lit. 'flight in 
the wind': vol, flight (see vof); au, in the, to 
the ; vent, wind (see venfi).] A sort of raised 
pie consisting of a delicate preparation of meat, 
fowl, or fish inclosed in a case of rich light puff- 
paste. 
volborthite (vol'b&r-thit), . [So called after 
Alexander von Folborth, a Russian physician 
and scientist, by whom the species was de- 
scribed in 1838.] A mineral occurring in small 
tabular crystals of a green or yellow color and 
pearly luster. It is a hydrous copper vana- 
date. 
volcanian (vol-ka'ni-an), a. [(.volcano + -fan.] 
Of or pertaining to a volcano; characteristic 
of or resembling a volcano ; volcanic. [Bare.] 
A deep volcanian yellow took the place 
Of all her milder-mooned body's grace. 
Keatt, Lamia, i. 
volcanic (vol-kan'ik), a. [= F. volvanique = 
Sp. volcdnico =s Pg. volcanieo = It. vulcanico; 
as volcano + -ic.] Pertaining to or produced 
by volcanoes or volcanic action: AS, volcanic 
heat, volcanic rock, volcanic phenomena, etc. 
Volcanic bombs, masses of lava, varying greatly in shape 
and size, but usually roughly rounded and occasionally 
hollow. Blocks of this kind, of immense size, have been 
thrown out by some South American volcanoes. Vol- 
canic focus, the supposed seat or center of activity In a 
volcanic region or beneath a volcano. Volcanic glass, 
vitreous lava : obsidian. Volcanic mud, the mixture 
of ashes and water either discharged from the crater of 
a volcano or formed on its flanks by the downward rush 
of water : called lava d'acqua in Italy, and moya in Smith 
America. It was by mud-lava that Herculaneum was over- 
whelmed, and mud has been poured out on an Immense 
scale by the volcanoes of Java and South America, Vol- 
canlc rock, rock which has been formed by volcanic 
agency ; lava. 
volcanically (vol-kan'i-kal-i), adv. In the man- 
ner of a volcano; eruptively; figuratively, in 
a fiery or explosive manner. 
The accumulation of offences Is ... too literally ex- 
ploded, blasted asunder volcanically. Carlyle, Heroes, iv. 
volcanicity (vol-ka-nis'i-ti), H. [< volcanic + 
-it>/.~\ Same as rnlcmii.tm : rarely used. It is an 
imitation of the French tonn roicnnicitf former- 
ly in use, but later French writers prefer volca- 
nismc. 
The term volcanic action (volcanism or volcanicity) em- 
braces all the phenomena connected with the expulsion 
of heated materials from the interior of the earth to the 
surface. (Jeiltu', Text-Book of Geol. (2d ed.X p. 178. 
6783 
VOlcanism (vol'ka ni/in). //. [ < <;,lri,,i<> -r -I.MW. | 
Tin- )ilieiMiiiicna connected with vulcanites anil 
volciinic iictivitv. An uscil by Iliu ...... I.It ;. 
-, it includes also carlh<|iiakt-'A, lint -|.i int'^, an i 
form of Keoloitlcal dynamic-, .lin-. ih eonm etc. I 
Mi m "I i In laUrior of oar plane! against Its cru-t and 
KIM facr" ill'iiiiMlt). Alto nuc<: 
I'M UIIMW -.mi. light on tin- n 
tin 1 'In. I . auHi-H nhirh have liccn OOI .irjiinf 
"n that ci.inptjciit.-ii scries of geoloutc:ii dynamic* whlon 
we Include under tin- i ...... prclicnivc tcrni nf "' 
and of which the c.iilli-,iiak> and volcano :u tui nf the 
most striking maiilfi>tiinii-. 
J. U. H'Hilnrif, KarthiiunkeK, Voli'Hin.cn. and Muiintaln- 
p. ee. 
Volitantia 
Lidli >, I'll venture for the vnU. 
i ..f l>r. s!fi 
"A vole I a tote!" tin- i-rinl, " H fail I \ 
Miie is rnded, and my work i dmi'-. ' 
Vole 1 (vol), i'. >.; | tret, and pp. rulril, ppr. nil inn. 
[< (/'. H. J In ciinl-jiltiyiiiij, to win all the tricks 
played in one dial 
VOle- (vol , . [ Short for rn li-iimn-i:] Afllort- 
tniled tield-inouse or iin-iiilow-moiise ; a eauipa- 
irnol or arvicoline ; any member of the gi 
'/In in a broad sense. All the Arneolinjtm 
voles, though some of them, as the lemming and niuskret, 
Volcanist (vorka-nist), H. [< rnlrann + -ixl.] 
< >ne who is versed in or occupied with Hie sci- 
entific study of the history and phenomena of 
volcaii'M-s. 
volcanity i vol-kan'i-ti). n. [< rulcan(ic) + -ity.] 
Tin' >tiite (it IteinK volcanic or of volcanic ori- 
gin. [Kare.] 
Volcano (vol-ka'n6), II.; pi. ri>lrniini.. m/<v/,/..- 
(-noz). [Formerly also vulcano; = V. rulriin ( > 
Sp. volcan = Pg. rolcSo, vulcSo), < It. nolmim, 
also ;-M/(vi(i, a buniing mountain, prop, first ap 
plied to Mt. Etna, which was especially feigned 
to be the seat of Hephaestus (Vulcan), < L. Vol- 
caini.i, later 1'iilciiiinn, Vulcan, the god of fire, 
also fig. fire: see Falcon.'] 1. A mountain or 
other elevation having at or near its apex an 
opening in the earth's crust from which heated 
material.- are expelled either continuously or at 
regular or irregular intervals. These materials are 
molten rock (lava), ashes, cinders, large fragments of solid 
rock, mud, water, steam, and various gases. Such openings 
are ordinarily surrounded hy more or less conical accumu- 
lations of the erupted materials, and it is to such cones 
that the term volcano It usually applied. The opening 
through which the lava rises is called the t*i*l or chim- 
ney, and the cup-shaped enlargement of it, In Its upper 
parts, the crater; there may be one such opening at the 
summit or on the flanks of the cone, or there may be 
a considerable number of them. In many volcanoes a 
central cone has upon Its flanks a considerable number 
of minor cones (parasitic cones, as they are sometimes 
called). Etna has more than two hundred quite conspic- 
uous cones within a radius of ten miles from the center 
of the main crater. The size and elevation of volcanoes 
vary greatly. The very high ones, like Cotopaxl and Popo- 
catepetl and many others, are built up on high plaU-aus; 
others, like the extinct or dormant volcanoes of the Merra 
Nevada of California, are chiefly made up of other than 
volcanic material, masked hy the flow of eruptive matter 
down the slopes of a preexisting older mass. Volcanoes 
and volcanic regions vary greatly In the degree of their ac- 
tivity and in the length and frequency of their periods of 
repose ; those volcanoes which during the historic period 
have shown no signs of activity are said to lie extinct, 
or dormant if a long interval has elapsed since the last 
eruption. Nothing definite was known of the volcanic 
forces pent up within the area covered by Vesuvius prior 
to A. D. 79, when the great catastrophe took place by 
which Pompeii was overwhelmed, and which was briefly 
described by Pliny the Younger in his narrative of the 
death of his uncle, Pliny the Elder. Volcanoes and vol- 
canic areas are very irregularly distributed over the earth, 
but are chiefly In the neighborhood of the ocean. The 
Asiatic and the American shores of the Pacific not con- 
tinuously, but in many places are dotted with volcanoes, 
from Japan to the islands of the Indian Ocean, and from 
Patagonia to Alaska. The most active volcanic center in 
the world is the Island of Java and its vicinity. This Isl- 
and, having about the area of England, contains forty- 
nine great volcanic cones, some of which are 12,000 feet 
in height. The eruption of Krakatoa, an island in the 
Snnda Strait, which took place in the closing days of Au- 
gust, 1883, was the most violent and destructive event of 
the kind of which history has any record. Nearly forty 
thousand persons were drowned along the coast adjacent 
to the Strait of Sunda by waves set In motion hy the In- 
rush of water to nil the cavity caused by the expulsion of 
material from the crater. 
2. A kind of firework. Keejugigl, 2 __ Subma- 
rine volcano. See mtmarine. Volcano-ship, a ves- 
sel loaded with combustibles and missiles for explosion 
against another ship or against a stationary structure. 
The burning volcano-thip at the siege of Antwerp. 
Mottey, Hist. Netherlands, II. 157. 
volcanoism (vol-ka'no-izm), . [< volcano + 
-in in.] Violent and destructive emptiveness. 
[Rare.] 
Not blaze out, ... as wasteful vofcanotnn, to scorch 
and consume ! Carlyle, Past and Present, II. 10. 
VOlcanological (vol-ka-no-loj'i-kal), n. [< rul- 
canoloi/-!! + -ictil."] Relating to or in the man- 
ner of yolcanology; in a scientific manner, from 
the point of view of the investigator of volcanic 
phenomena. Also nili'inniloi/iml. 
volcanology (vol-ka-nol'o-ji), n. [< volcano + 
Gr. -?-o; in, \ J FIV, speak : see -ology.] The sci- 
entific study of volcanic phenomena. Also vul- 
canology. 
His annual account of the progress in mlcanology and 
seismology for 1885. Mh, ii.nnn, No. 3068, p. 210. 
Vole 1 (vol). . [< F. roll', < nilrr. fly. < L. ro- 
ll/ft: fly: see rolant.] In card-playing, a win- 
niiiK of all the tricks played in one deal. 
are usually called by other names. They are moitly ter- 
restrial, tending to be iquatlc, abound In the sphagnouii 
swamps and low moist ground of nearly all parts nf '!> 
northern hemisphere, and are on the whole among the most 
mischievous of mammals. The common vole, meadow- 
mouse, or short-tailed fleld-mnuK of Europe la A.agralU. 
Cointnon European Meadow-vole 1 
The water-vole or water-rat Is a larger specie*, A. amphibi- 
ii*, almost as aquatic us a muskrat. Home voles are widely 
distributed, among them one common to the northerly 
parts of both hemisphere*, the red-backed vole, Krotomyi 
rutilui. The commonest representatives In the United 
States are Anicola riparivt, A . atalena, and A . pinetorm*. 
A very large species of Brltlxh America is A . xanthomatha. 
The name vole is purely British, being seldom heard In the 
lulled States, or used In l>ooks treating of the American 
species, which art- called Aeltl-mice and meadow-mice. See 
also cuts under Anuxla.Etotomyi.Synaptutnyt, and voter- 
rat. 
volentlyt (vo'leut-li), adv. Willingly. [Rare.] 
Into the pit they run against their will that ran so to- 
lentlu, so violently, to the brink of It 
Kev. T. Adam*, Works, I. 237. 
voleryt (vol'e-ri), .; pi. rolericn (-riz). [AN.. 
votary, vollary; < OF. voliere, a cage, coop, dove- 
cote, F. voliere, an aviary, also OR roller, a large 
cage or aviary; cf. roleric, "a place over the 
stage which we called the heaven " (Cotgrave), 
i.e. 'place of flying'; <roter, fly, < L. volare, fly : 
see volant.'] 1. A large bird-cage or inclosure 
in which the birds have room to fly. 
I thought thee then our Orpheus, that wouldst try. 
Like him, to make the air one votary. 
B. Jonton, Underwoods, xvi. 
Sitting moping like three or four melancholy Birds in 
a spacious \'nllnr>i. Etherrye, Man of Mode, v. 
Having seene the roomes, we went to y rotary, ' has 
a cupola in the middle of it, greate trees and bushes, ft 
being full of birds, who drank at two fouutaines. 
Bvelyn, Diary, March 1, 1644. 
2. The birds confined in such an inclosure ; a 
flight or flock of birds. 
An old boy, at his first appearance, ... is sure to 
draw on him the eyes and chirping of the whole town 
vnlery, amongst which there will not be wanting some 
birds of prey. Locke, Education, I 94. 
volet (vol'a), w. [OF. volet, a cloth spread on 
the ground to hold grain, a shutter, etc., < voter, 
fly, \ L. volare, fly : see volant.] 1. A veil, espe- 
cially one worn DV women, and forming a part 
of the outdoor dress in the middle ages. 2. In 
painting, one of the wings or shutters of a pic- 
ture formed as a triptych, as in Rubens's "De- 
scent from the Cross" in Antwerp Cathedral, 
the volets of which are painted on both sides. 
Small triptych.* with folding-doors or volett In box- 
wood. 5. K. Cat. Sfec. Exh. 1 *,-', No. 104?. 
3. A door, or one leaf of a door, in ornamental 
furniture and similar decorative objects. 
volget, . [< L. rolffii". rnli/ii.i, the common peo- 
ple: see vulgar.] The vulgar; the rabble. 
One had as good be dumb as not speak with the volgt. 
Fuller, ch. Hist, XI. viil. 32. (Darin.) 
VOlitablet (vol'i-ta-bl), a. Q< L. rolittire, fly to 
and fro: see volihtnt.] Capable of being vola- 
tilized; volatilizable. 
volitant (vol'i-tant), a. [< L. volitan(t-)t, ppr. 
of rulittirc, fly to and fro, freq. of volare, tly: 
-ee rolant.] Flying; having the power of flight : 
volant: as, the bat is a volitant quadruped. 
Volitantiat ( vol-i-tan'shi-8), n. pi. [NL.. neut. 
pi. of volitaii(t-)y, flying: see rolitant.] In Illi- 
ger's classification " of mammals (1811), the 
eleventh order, containing flying quadrupeds 
in two families, Dermofitera and Cliirofittra, or 
