volume 
Luther's works were published at Wittemberg in Latin 
and German, in nineteen volumes, large folio, and at Jena 
in twelve. Barney, Hist. Music, III. 39, note. 
3. Something of a roll-like, rounded, or swell- 
ing form ; a rounded mass ; a coil ; a convolu- 
tion; a wreath; a fold: as, volumes of smoke. 
Hid in the spiry Volumes of the Snake, 
I lurk'd within the Covert of a Brake. 
Dryden, State of Innocence, iv. 2. 
Thames's fruitful tides 
Slow through the vale in silver volumes play. 
Fenton, Ode to John, Lord Gower, st. X 
4. An amount or measure of tridimensional 
space; solid contents; hence, an amount or 
aggregated quantity of any kind. 
An enormous logglowing and blazing, and sending forth 
a vast volume of light and heat. 
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 246. 
The judge's volume of muscle could hardly be the same 
as the colonel's ; there was undoubtedly less beef in him. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, viii. 
Railroad men have found out . . . that so small a mat- 
ter apparently as the civility or neglect of conductors, or 
the scarcity or abundance of towels on sleeping-cat's, will 
sensibly influence the volume of travel. 
D. A. Wells, Our Merchant Marine, p. 112. 
Very probably these recent climatic changes, both ma- 
rine and terrestrial, in the North Atlantic region, have 
been due in large measure to variations in the volume of 
the Gulf Stream. Amer. Jour. Set., 3d ser., XLI. 42. 
5. In music, quantity, fullness, or roundness of 
tone or sound. Atomic volume. See atomic. Spe- 
cific steam-volume. See steam. Specific volume, 
the quotient of the molecular weightof a compound body 
by its specific gravity. In the case of a liquid the spe- 
cific gravity is taken at the boiling-point. To speak 
or tell volumes, to be full of meaning ; be very signifi- 
cant. 
The epithet, so often heard, and in such kindly tones, of 
"poor Goldsmith " speaks volumes. 
Irving, Oliver Goldsmith, xlv. 
Volume-integral See integral. = Syn. 4. Bulk, Magni- 
tude, etc. See s/zci. 
volume (vol'um), v. i.; pret. and pp. rolumeil, 
ppr. volumino. [< volume, n.] To swell; rise 
in bulk or volume. 
The mighty stream which volumes high 
From their proud nostrils burns the very air. 
Byron, Deformed Transformed, i. 1. 
volumed (vol'umd), a. [< volume + -erf 2 .] 1. 
Having a rounded form; forming volumes or 
rolling masses ; consisting of rounded masses. 
With volumed smoke that slowly grew 
To one white sky of sulphurous hue. 
Byron, Siege of Corinth, vi. 
2. Having volume or volumes (of a specified 
amount or number). 
volumenometer (vol'u-me-nom'e-ter), n. [Ir- 
reg. < L. volumen, a volume, + Gr. fifrpov, mea- 
sure.] An instrument for measuring the vol- 
ume of a solid body by the quantity of a liquid 
or of air which it displaces, and thence also for 
determining its specific gravity. 
volumenometry (vol"u-me-nom'e-tri), n. [As 
volumenometer + -i/ s .] ' The art of determining 
by displacement the volumes of solid bodies, 
or the spaces occupied by them; stereometry. 
volumeter (vol'u-me-ter), . [Irreg. < L. volu- 
(men), a volume, + Gr. tiirpov, measure.] In 
chem. and physics, broadly, any instrument for 
measuring the volumes of gases, as a graduated 
glass tube in which a gas may be collected over 
water or mercury, the gas displacing the liquid 
as it enters the vessel, and the volume displaced 
being indicated by the graduations. Lunge's volu- 
meter comprises a tube called a reduction tube, in which 
a volume of one hundred cubic centimeters of air as mea- 
sured under connected pressure of barometer and tem- 
perature is confined. By an ingenious arrangement this 
confined air is then made to bring to a similar condition 
of pressure the gas to be measured in a measuring-tube, 
which also forms part of the apparatus. Thus a connec- 
tion of pressure and temperature need be made only once 
for a series of volumetric measurements. 
volumetric (vol-u-met'rik), a. [Irreg. < L. volu- 
(men), volume, + Gr. ueTpiKoe,<. ufrpov, measure.] 
In chem. and pliysics, pertaining to or noting 
measurements by volume, as of gases or liquids : 
opposed to gravimetric. 
It is possible in this way to determine quickly by a 
volumetric process even so little as one-fourth per cent, of 
alcohol in a mixture. Ure, Diet., IV. 39. 
Mosso's volumetric measurements indicated that in hyp- 
notic catalepsy there was slightly more blood in the left 
arm. Mind, IX. 96. 
Volumetric analysis. Same as titration. 
volumetrical (vol-u-met'ri-kal), a. [< volu- 
metric + -al.~\ Same as volumetric. 
The amount of metallic iron and its condition of oxida- 
tion in the ore were determined by Margueritte's volumet- 
rical method. Campin, Mech. Engineering, p. 397. 
VOlumetrically (vol-u-met'ri-kal-i), adv. [< 
volumetrical + -fry 2 .] By volumetric analysis. 
6786 
VOluminal (vo-lu'mi-nal), a. [< L. volumen 
(-')!-), volume, + -nl,~\ Pertaining to volume 
or cubical contents : as, voluminal expansion. 
VOluminosity (vo-lu-mi-nos'i-ti), . [< volumi- 
nous + -ity.] The quality or state of being volu- 
minous ; copiousness ; prolixity. 
The later writings [of H. Muller-Stubing] have gone on 
with bewildering voluminosity. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., VIII. 117. 
voluminous (vo-lu'mi-nus), n. [< F. voluminetix 
= Sp. Pg. It. voluminoso, < LL. voluminosus, full 
of windings, bendings, or folds, < L. volumen, a 
roll, fold : see volume.'] If. Consisting of coils 
or convolutions. 
Woman to the waist, and fair, 
But ended foul in many a scaly fold 
Voluminous and vast. Milton, P. L., ii. 652. 
2. Of great volume or bulk; large; swelling: 
literally or figuratively. 
Why, though I seem of a prodigious waist, 
I am not so voluminous and vast 
But there are lines wherewith I might be embraced. 
B. Jonson, Underwoods, Ixxi. 
It was essential that a gentleman's chin should be well 
propped, that his collar should have a voluminous roll. 
George Eliot, Felix Holt, xvi. 
We call the reverberations of a thunder-storm more 
voluminous than the squeaking of a slate pencil. 
W. James, Mind, XII. 1. 
3. Having written much ; producing many or 
bulky books ; also, copious ; diffuse ; prolix : as, 
a voluminous writer. 
He did not bear contradiction without much passion, 
and was too voluminous in discourse. Clarendon. 
4. Being in many volumes; hence, copious 
enough to make numerous volumes : used of the 
published writings of an author: as, the volumi- 
nous works of Sir Walter Scott. 
voluminously (vo-lu'mi-nus-li), adv. In a vo- 
luminous manner; in large quantity; copious- 
ly; diffusely. 
The doctor voluminously rejoined. 
Swift, Battle of the Books. 
voluminoiisness (vo-lu'mi-nus-nes), . It. The 
state of being in coils or convolutions. 
Solid bones crushed by the Infinite stress 
Of the snake's adamantine voluminousness. 
Shelley, A Vision of the Sea. 
2. Copiousness; diffuseness. 
His [Aquinas's] works mount to that volutninonsnens 
they have very much by repetitions. 
Dodwell, Letters of Advice, ii. 
3. The state of being voluminous or bulky. 
The reader will have noticed, in this enumeration of 
facts, that voluminousness of the feeling seems to bear very 
little relation to the size of the organ that yields it. 
If. James, Prin. of Psychol., II. 140. 
Volumistt (vol'u-mist), n. [< volume + -?,s(.] 
One who writes a volume ; an author. [Rare.] 
Yee write them in your closets, and unwrite them in 
your Courts, hot rolumists and cold Bishops. 
Milton, On Def. of Humb. Remonst. 
voluntarily (vol'un-ta-ri-li), adv. [< ME. vol- 
untarily; < voluntary + -fy 2 .] In a voluntary 
manner ; of one's own motion ; without being 
moved, influenced, or impelled by others; spon- 
taneously; freely. 
When that G affray had all thes thynges said, 
Raymounde hertly glade reioyng that braide, 
That Gaffray gan hire voluntarily. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 5055. 
At last died, not by his enemies command, but volunta- 
rily in his olde age. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 322. 
And the faculty of voluntarily bringing back a wander- 
ing attention over and over again is the very root of judg- 
ment, character, and will. 
W. James, Prin. of Psychol., I. 424. 
voluntariness (vol'un-ta-ri-nes), n. The state 
of being voluntary, or endowed with the power 
of willing, choosing, or determining ; the state 
or character of being produced voluntarily. 
The voluntariness of an action. 
Hammond, Works, I. 234. 
voluntarioust (vol-un-ta'ri-us), a. [< L. volun- 
tarius, voluntary: see voluntary.'] Voluntary; 
free. 
Men of voluntarious wil withsitte that heuens gouerneth. 
Testament of Lome, ii. 
voluntariouslyt (vol-un-ta'ri-us-li), adv. Vol- 
untarily; willingly. 
Most pleasantly and voluntariously to bear the yoke of 
his most comfortable commandments. 
Strype, Eccles. Mem., Edw. VL, an. 1550. 
voluntary (vol'un-ta-ri), a. and n. [< ME. 
'roluntarie, < OF. (arid F.) volontaire = Sp. Pg. 
It. voluntario, < L. voluntaries, willing, of free 
will, < volunta(t-)s, will, choice, desire, < vo- 
lmt(t-)s, volen(t-)s, ppr. of velle, will: see volition, 
will.] I. a. 1. Proceeding from the will; done 
voluntary 
of or due to one's own accord or free choice: 
unconstrained by external interference, force, 
or influence ; not compelled, prompted, or sug- 
gested by another; spontaneous; of one's or 
its own accord; free. 
The third sort of ignorance is the worst ; it is that which 
is vincible and voluntary. 
Jer. Taylor, Rule of Conscience, IV. i. 6. 
Voluntary works be called all manner of offering in the 
church, except your offering days and your tithes. 
Latimer, Misc. Sel. 
The lottery of my destiny 
Bars me the right of voluntary choosing. 
Shak., M. of V., ii. 1. l(i. 
The true Charity of Christians is a free and voluntary 
thing, not what men are forced to do by the Laws. 
Stttliwjfleet, Sermons, II. vil. 
I have made myself the voluntary slave of all. 
Goldsmith, Good-natured Man, v. 
Very little time was allowed between the accusation, 
condemnation, and death of a suspected witch ; and if a 
voluntary confession was wanting, they never failed ex- 
torting a forced one by tormenting the suspected person. 
Gifford, Int. to Ford's Plays, p. xxiv. 
2. Subject to or controlled by the will; regu- 
lated by the will : as, the movement of a limb is 
voluntary, the action of the heart involuntary. 
We always explain the voluntary action of all men ex- 
cept ourselves on the principle of causation by character 
and circumstances. H. Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics, p. 48. 
It follows from this that voluntary movements must be 
secondary, not primary functions of our organism. 
W. James, Prin. of Psychol., II. 487. 
We see here that atrophy begins in the most voluntary 
limb, the arm. Pop. Set. Mo., XXV. 174. 
3. Done by design or intention; intentional; 
purposed ; not accidental. 
Giving myself a voluntary wound. 
Shak., J. C., ii. 1. 300. 
If a man be lopping a tree, and his ax-head fall from the 
helve, . . . and kills another passing by, here is indeed 
manslaughter, but no voluntary murther. 
Perkins. (Johnson.) 
4. Endowed with the power of willing, or act- 
ing of one's own free will or choice, or accord- 
ing to one's judgment. 
God did not work as a necessary, but a voluntary agent, 
intending beforehand, and decreeing with himself, that 
which did outwardly proceed from him. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, I. iii. 2. 
5. Of, pertaining, or relating to voluntary! 
or the doctrines of the voluntaries : as, the 
.lam, 
the vol- 
untary theory or controversy. 6. In law: (a) 
Proceeding from the free and unconstrained 
will of the person : as, a voluntary confession. 
(6) Not supported by a substantial pecuniary 
or valuable consideration. See voluntary con- 
veyance, below Voluntary affidavit or oath, (a) 
An affidavit or oath made in a case in which the law has 
not sanctioned the administration of an oath or affir- 
mation, (ft) An affidavit offered spontaneously or made 
freely, without the compulsion of subpoena or other pro- 
cess. Voluntary agent. See agent. Voluntary ap- 
pearance, the spontaneous appearance of a defendant 
for the purpose of resisting an action or other proceed- 
ing without having been served with process, or without 
requiring the plaintiff to rely upon service of process to 
compel appearance. Voluntary association. See asso- 
CT'oKoM. Voluntary bankruptcy. See bankruptcy. 
Voluntary conveyance, a conveyance made without 
valuable consideration ; a conveyance in the nature of 
a gift. The importance of the distinction between this 
and a conveyance for value is that the former may be 
voidable by creditors in some cases where the latter may 
not. Voluntary escape. See escape, 3. Voluntary 
grantee, the grantee in a voluntary conveyance. Vol- 
untary jurisdiction, a jurisdiction exercised in matters 
admitting of no opposition or question, and therefore 
cognizable by any of the court judges, and in any place 
and on any lawful day. Voluntary manslaughter. 
See manslaughter, 2. Voluntary motion. See motion. 
Voluntary muscle, voluntary muscular fiber, 
striated red muscular fiber (except that of the heart), 
as distinguished from smooth pale muscular fiber: so 
called as being under the control of the will. See cut 
under muscular. Voluntary partition, a partition ac- 
complished by mutual agreement, as distinguished from 
one had by the judgment of a court. Voluntary school, 
in England, one of a class of elementary schools supported 
by voluntary subscriptions, many of them in part main- 
tained and regulated by religious bodies. The number of 
those schools has been greatly reduced since 1870, when 
education was made compulsory by the Education Act, 
and board schools were established. 
The landowning class . . . have. . . spent their wealth 
largely ... in bettering in many ways the condition of 
the labourers, in building cottages, and improving volun- 
tary schools. Nineteenth Century, XXVI. 738. 
Voluntary waste, waste which is the result of the vol- 
untary act of the tenant of property, as where, without 
the consent of the proprietor, he cuts down timber, or 
pulls down a wall. = 8yn. Voluntary, Spontaneous, Will- 
ing. Voluntary supposes volition, and therefore inten- 
tion, and presumably reflection. Spontaneous views the 
act as though there were immediate connection between 
it and the cause, without intervention of the reason and 
the will : spontaneous applause seems to start of itself. 
Willing has in the authorized version of the Bible a 
range of meaning up to desirous or anxious, as in Slat. i. 
19, xxvi. 41, Luke x. 29, but now is strictly confined to the 
