vortex 
6790 
such a curve must evidently return into itself or reach vallaria in 1758. It occurs in stagnant water and in infu- 
both extremities to the boundaries of the fluid. A vortex sions. See also cut under Infusoria 
LiJK^S^^J^J?*^!?^^!!*!**!!! Vorticellidae (vor-ti-sel'i-de), . pi. [NL., < 
be" 
annular surface which is a locus of vortex-lines; and an 
infinitesimal vortex is called a vortex-filament. If at any 
part of a vortex-filament the angular velocity is greater 
than at another part a little removed along the vortex- 
line, then (considering a particle a little removed from 
the central vortex-line) it is plain that of two opposite 
parts of this particle having the same velocity in magni- 
tude and direction and consequently on its axis of rota- 
tion, that one which is in the more rapidly moving stra- 
tum must be nearer the central vortex-line, so that the 
annular boundary of the vortex must present a constric- 
tion where the angular velocity is great ; and thus it can 
be shown that the product of the mean angular velocity 
in any cross-section perpendicular tothevortex-linesmul- 
tiplied by the area of that section is constant at all parts 
of the vortex. In a perfect fluid, which can sustain no 
distorting stress even for an instant, the velocity of a 
rotating particle cannot be retarded any more than if it 
were a frictionless sphere ; and, in like manner, no such 
velocity can be increased. Consequently, a vortex, un- 
Vorticella + -idx.'] Vorticels or Tjell-animal- 
cules, that family of peritriehous ciliate infu- 
sorians which are sedentary or attached (the 
animalcules of all the other families of 1'cri- 
triclia being free-swimming). These animalcules 
are campanulate, ovate, or subcylindrical, with eccentric 
terminal mouth having a spiral fringe of adoral cilia, the 
right limb of which descends into the mouth, while the 
left wreathes about a movable ciliate disk; they rarely if 
ever have trichocysts, but usually a long, slender vestibu- 
lar seta. The family is one of the largest and most easily 
recognizable among infusorians, the oral structures being 
very characteristic. The little creatures inhabit both salt 
and fresh water. Some are naked, constituting the Vor- 
Mccllina ; others live in hard ( Vaginicolin.se) or soft (Ophry- 
diina) loricse or investing sheaths. There are several gen- 
era and numerous species. See Carchesium, and cuts un- 
der Epistylis, Infusoria, and Vorticella. 
. , , - 
like a wave, continues to be composed of the same iden- Vorticellldan (vor-ti-sel'i-dan), a. and n. I. a. 
tical matter. When the motion is continuous throughout Of or pertaining to the Vorticellidse ; vorticel- 
the fluid, two vortices exercise a singular action upon one li n( , j n hrnnH ecnen 
another, each ring in turn contracting and passing through TT 
the aperture of the other, which stretches, with other sin- " " A bell-animalcule ; any vorticel. 
gular motions. Vorticellinae (vor'ti-se-li'ne), n. pi. [NL., < 
2. Any whirling or gyratory motion ; also, a Vorticella + -.] In a strict sense, a subfam- 
whirlpool. ily of Vorticellidee, containing only the naked 
He soon found himself absorbed in the same vortex of Vorticels, solitary or social, and sessile or pedi- 
worldly passions and interests from which he had been so cellate. This definition excludes the Vaginico- 
auxious to escape. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 5. Urue and Ophnjdiinss, which are not naked. 
3. In the Cartesian philosophy, a collection of VOrticelline (v6r-ti-sel'in), a. Of or pertaining 
material particles, forming a fluid or ether, en- to the VorticelUnse. 
dowed with a rapid rotatory motion about an vortices, . Latin plural of vortex. 
axis, and filling all space, by which Descartes vorticial (v6r-tish'al), a. An erroneous form 
accounted for the motions of the universe. ' vortical. 
This theory attracted much attention at one Cyclic and seemingly gyrating or vorticial movements. 
time, but is now entirely discredited. 3. [cop.] Poe, Eureka. 
[NL.] Inzool., the typical genus of Vorticidse, Vorticidae (vor-tis'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Vortex 
containing such species as V. viridis Electro- (-tie-) + -idee.'] A family of rhabdocoslous tur- 
lytlc vortices, currents circulating round closed paths in 
heart, the peculiar spiral concentration of the fibers at 
the apex, produced by the twisting of the external fibers 
bellarians, typified by the genus Vortex, con- 
taining both fresh-water and marine forms, 
some of which are parasitic on gastropods and 
holothurians. 
[< L. vortex (vorlic-), 
1. Whirling; vorti- 
cal. 
. .. idiiytn 
as they pass back to join those of the inner layer. Also VOrticOSO (vor'ti-kos), a. 
called whorl of the heart. Vortex-ring, in physics, a vor- a whirl vm-tAv -4- /io 1 
tical molecular filament or column returning into itself ' '** -J 
so as to form a ring composed of a number of small rotat- 
ing circles placed side by side, like beads on a string, as 
the singular smoke-rings which are sometimes produced 
when a cannon is Bred, or when a smoker skilfully emits 
a puff of tobacco-smoke. Recent labors in the theoretical 
investigation of the motion of vortices, more particularly 
Only a very small percentage of the spots show any trace 
of vorticose motion. C. A. Young, The Sun, p. 173. 
2. In mini., specifying the veins of the exter- 
, , nal layer of the chorpid coat of the eyeball, the 
the theorems relating to vortex-filaments rotating round venre vorticosee, which are regularly arranged 
? i ??5*!L*_-i_5W~ l ???!LSLS t 5$!?* fl " ld ( vor , te *- j n drooping branches convergingto afew equi- 
distant trunks which perforate the sclerotic 
' : vein. 
Same as vorti- 
the theory of energy. Vortices'lentlS, star-like figures cose - 
seen on the surface of the crystalline lens of the eye. They [storms] possess truly vortimlar motion. 
vortex-filament (vor'teks-fi^'a-ment), n. In The ^Uantic, LXV1II. 68. 
hydrodynamics, the portion of fluid included vertiginous (vor-tij'i-nus), a. [< L. "vortigino- 
within a vortex-tube. 
sus, assumed var. of vertiginosus, < vertigo, a 
VOltex-motion (v6r'teks-m6"shon), i. A rota- whirling: see vertiginous.] Having a motion 
tional motion of a fluid in which there is circu- 
lation about certain vortex-filaments, and no 
circulation except about them. 
vortex-tube (vor'teks-tub), n. An imaginary 
tube within a fluid whose surface is the locus of 
round a center or axis ; vortical. 
The flx'd and rooted earth, 
Tormented into billows, heaves and swells, 
Or with vertiginous and hideous whirl 
Sucks down its prey insatiable. 
Cowper, Task, ii. 102. 
vortex-lines through a small closed curve drawn vo table ( vo'ta-bl), a. [< vote + -able.-] ' Capa- 
arbitrarily. 
vortex-wheel (vor'teks-hwel), . A turbine. 
vortical (vor'ti-kal), a. and n. [< vortex (vortic-), 
vortex, + -al.~\ 1. a. Causing a vortex, as an 
infusorian. 
ble of voting; having a right to vote. [Rare.] 
When "the votable inhabitance convened in His Majes- 
ties name September 24, 1754." 
Toien Records of Wareham, Mass., quoted in New Prince- 
[ton Rev., IV. 253. 
II. n. Any eiliate infusorian which makes a votal (vp'tal), o. [< L. votum, a vow, + -al.] 
vortex. 
vertically (vor'ti-kal-i), adv. 
manner; whirlingly. 
vorticel, vorticell(v6r'ti-sel), 
cella.J An infusorian animal- 
cule of the family Vorticelli- 
dee; a bell-animalcule. 
Vorticella (vor-ti-sel'a), n. 
[NL. (O. F. Miiller, 1773 or 
1786, but existent in form for 
more than a century before), 
dim. of L. vortex, a whirl : 
see vortex. ] The typical ge- 
nus of Vorticellidse, having a 
retractile pedicel; the bell- 
animalcules. Many species are 
colonial inhabitants of both salt and 
fresh water : they are very numerous, 
In a vortical 
[< NL. Vortl- 
nebiilifcra, 
Pertaining to a vow or promise ; consisting in 
or involving a promise. [Rare.] 
Debt is not deadly sin when a man hath no means, but 
when he hath no meaning to pay. There must be votal 
restitution, if there cannot be actual. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, I. 145. 
votaress (vo'ta-res), . [< votar-y + -ess.~\ A 
female votary. 
His woeful queen we leave at Ephesus, 
Unto Diana there a votaress. 
Shale., Pericles, ProL, iv. 
VOtarist (vo'ta-rist), n. [< votar-y + -ist.] A 
votary. 
The votarists of Saint Clare. Shak., M. for M., i. 4. 6. 
Like a sad votarist in palmer's weed. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 189. 
votary (vo'ta-ri), a. and n. [< NL. 'votarius, < 
~i. votum, a vow: see vote, vow.] I. a. Conse- 
iu.cr,uiDjT arc very numerous, highly ma nine'd ' . >0TO, a VOW : 866 Voe, VOW. . a. onS6- 
Si'k?. ?fnvTn ant ? nlI?al " drd<:t f dlia crated by a vow or promise; also, consequent 
* n 'P a nt " 1 - bo uon, he ,iis k *. J . 
glasses or bells borne on fine elastic 
stems, and continually waving about 
in the most graceful manner, " as if 
they were ringing chimes for Un- 
dines to dance." V. convallarm was 
described by Leeuwenhoek in 1675 
as an " animalcule of the first size," 
and called by Linnrcus Hydra con- 
bornc upon the disk *,- OT1 vnw ; . HpvntpH -'vntivo 
t, peristome ; t. esoph- ' ve - 
agus ; ./, contractile 
vacuole : f, one of sev- 
eral food-vacuoles ; ft, 
nucleus; t, endosarc; 
A, ectosarc ; /, infundi- 
hulifonn beginning of 
the muscular stem, 
most of the length of 
which is omitted. 
Votary resolution is made equipollent to custom, even 
in matter of blood. 
Bacon, Custom and Education (ed. 1887). p. 397. 
II. n. ; pi. votaries (-riz). One who is devot- 
ed, consecrated, or engaged by a vow or prom- 
ise ; hence, more generally, one who is devoted, 
vote 
given, or addicted to some particular service, 
worship, study, or state of life. 
Already Love's firm votary. Shale., T. G. of V., iii. 2. 58. 
Votaries of business and of pleasure prove 
Faithless alike in friendship and in love. 
Cowper, Verses from Valediction. 
He deemed that a faith which taught that Jupiter of 
the Capitol was a thing of naught was a faith which it be- 
came his votary to root out from all the lands that bowed 
to Jove and to Jovius. E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 139. 
Music and painting and sculpture could also boast of 
distinguished votaries under the Regency. 
The Academy, Oct. 25, 1890, p. 360. 
vote (vot), n. [< P. vote, a vote, = Sp. Pg. It. 
roto, a vow, wish, vote, < L. votum, a promise, 
wish, an engagement, < vovere, pp. votus, prom- 
ise, dedicate, vow, wish : see vote.] If. An ar- 
dent wish or desire ; a prayer; a vow. 
All the heavens consent 
With harmony to tune their notes, 
In answer to the public votes, 
That for it up were sent. 
B. Jnnson, Fortunate Isles. 
fol. The end of my 
Devotions is that one and the same hour 
May make us fit for heaven. 
Sev. I join with you 
In my votes that way. Massinger, Guardian, v. 1. 
Those interchangeable votes of priest and people, . . . 
"0 Lord, arise, help us, and deliver us for thy Name's sake '. 
O God, we have heard with our ears, &c." 
Prideaux, Euchologia, p. 226. 
2. A suffrage; the formal expression of a will, 
preference, wish, or choice in regard to any 
measure proposed, in which the person voting 
has an interest in common with others, either 
in electing a person to fill a certain situation 
or office, or in passing laws, rules, regulations, 
etc. This vote or choice may be expressed by holding 
up the hand, by standing up, by the voice (viva voce), by 
ballot, or otherwise. 
Each party gaped, and looked alternately for their vote 
almost to the end of their speeches. 
Burke, American Taxation. 
He . . . was already a forty-shilling freeholder, and was 
conscious of a vote for the county. 
George Eliot, Felix Holt, xi. 
Hence 3. That by which will or preference 
is expressed in elections; a ballot, a ticket, 
etc. : as, a written vote. 
The freeman, casting with unpurchased hand 
The vote that shakes the turrets of the land. 
0. W. Holmes, Poetry, A Metrical Essay. 
4. That which is allowed, conveyed, or be- 
stowed by the will of a majority ; a thing con- 
ferred by vote; a grant: as, the ministry re- 
ceived a vote of confidence; the vote for the 
civil service amounted to 824,000,000. 5. Ex- 
pression of will by a majority ; decision by some 
expression of the minds of a number; result of 
voting: as, the vote was unanimous; the vote 
was close. 6. Votes collectively: as, a move- 
ment to capture the labor vote Casting vote 
See casting-vote. Cumulative vote. See cumulative sys- 
tem of voting, under cumulative. Limited vote, a form 
of voting by which the elector is restricted to a less num- 
ber of votes than there are vacancies, as in the case of a 
three-cornered constituency (which see, under three-car- 
neredl Straw vote. See strawl. The floating vote. 
See floating. To split one's votes. See split. 
vote (vot), E. ; pret. and pp. voted, ppr. votinq. 
[< F. voter, vote, < vote, vote: see vote, .] I. 
intrans. To give a vote ; formally to express or 
signify the mind, will, or choice in electing per- 
sons to office, or in passing laws, regulations, 
and the like, or in deciding as to any measure 
in which one has an interest in common with 
others. 
They wted then to do a deed 
As kirkmen to devise. 
Battle of Balrinnes (Child's Ballads, VII. 221). 
For their want of intimate knowledge of affairs, I do not 
think this ought to disqualify them [women] from voting 
at any town-meeting which I ever attended. 
Emerson, Woman. 
Cumulative system of voting. See cumulative. To 
vote straight, to vote the entire ticket, as of a political 
party, without scratching. [Colloq. J 
II. trans. 1. To enact or establish by vote, 
as a resolution or an amendment. 2. To grant 
by vote, as an appropriation. 
Parliament voted them a hundred thousand pounds. 
Swift. 
3. To declare by general consent; character- 
ize by expression of opinion : as, they voted the 
trip a failure. [Colloq.] 
It has come to be voted rather a vulgar thing to be mar- 
ried by banns at all. 
Daily Telegraph, March 20, 1888. (Encyc. Diet.) 
To vote down, to defeat (a proposition), as in a legislative 
body ; give public judgment against ; hence, to put an end 
to. 
Old truths voted down begin to resume their places. 
Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor.. ii. 5. 
