willow 
once Bupposed to be the tree, fancy associating its pen- 
dulous branclies with the hanging of the harps. The 
oleander is sometimes selected as the tree. Compare 
weeping iriUow. — 'Ra.j willow, (a) Saiix petUaiidra, a 
shrub or small tree of Europe aiul temperate Asia, hav- 
ing broadly ovate or oblong leaves, which are thiclc, 
smooth, and shining, rendering it highly ornamental 
(6) See iCTaow-Aer*.— Bedford wlllOW. See crac* wU- 
Zoic — Bitter willow. See purple uillow.— BlaciL wil- 
low, (a) A tree of modei-ate size, Satix nigra, widely dis- 
tributed in North America, commonly found bending over 
watercourses. The wood is of little value; the bark con- 
tains salicylic acid, and is a popular domestic febrifuge. 
See cut on preceding page, (d) The variety Scuuleriaiia 
of Salix jiavetcenn. found on the western coast of North 
America, a small tree with the woml light, hard, strong, 
and tough, (c) Hsune lis bay unllaw (a). [Local, Eng.J — 
Brittle willow. S:ime as crack uitloic Crack willow, 
a tall handsome tree, Satix /raffilvt, so called because the 
twigs break easily from the branches. It is native in Eu- 
rope and Asia, and is often cultivated, affording, with the 
closely related white willow, the best willow-timber. A 
hybrid. S. Kximeliana, of this and the white willow is the 
Bedford or Leicester willow, whose bark is said to contain 
more tannin than oak-bark, and more salicin than most of 
the genus. — Desert willow, a small tree of willow like 
habit. Chiloptui mliffiia, of the Bigiioalaceei, found in arid 
regions in the southwestern United States and northern 
Mexico. The flowers, borne in tenuinal racemes, have a 
funnel-form corolla swollen out alwve, an inch or two long, 
colored white and purplish ; the pods resemble those of 
Cato/pa.— Diamond willow, a fonn of the heart-leafed 
willow (see below) growing on the banks of the .Missouri 
and Vellowstone rivers, having remarkable diamond- 
shaped scars due U> the arrest of wood-growth at the 
base of atrophied twigs. It is made into unique canes.— 
Dwarf gray willow. Same as «ay*'-iw^fo«'.— French 
willow, (a) Same as almond u-itlnw. (b) See ivUlow-herb. 
— Glaucous Willow, the pussy-willow.— Glossy Willow. 
Same as Khiniwj ici'«<.ic. — Goat Willow, the great sallow, 
Saliz caprea. .See KaUoicl. — Golden Willow or osier. 
See wluU uillow. —Ground willow, Salix arctica, nm\ per- 
haps other dwarf northern species. See .Saiu;. — Heart- 
leafed Willow, Salix cordata, the most widely distributed 
and variable American willow, a tall shrub with the leaves 
narrow but heart-shaped at the base. A variety, S. msiUa, 
is the diain/>ml vnlhm (see above). ■ Hedge Willow, the 
sallow, Salix caprea. ^Soop Willow. Same as ring ml- 
tow. — Huntington willow, the white willow.— Leices- 
ter willow, tlie crack willow. — i^ng- leafed willow. 
Same as sandbar triitoic. — Osier willow. See outer; al.so 
almond willow, pur/jle willow, white uriUmc— Persian 
willow. See irHl<iwherb. — ¥Tail\o Wlllow, a grayish 
shrub, Salix humilig, related to the sage-willow, growing 
3 to 8 feet high, common on dry plains, etc., in the United 
States.- Primrose Willow. Seeyi««i/ra.— Purple wil- 
low, a shrub or small tree, Salix purpurea, found through 
Europe and temperate Asia. Als<j called bitter, roue, and 
whipcord willow. Its bark is rich in salicin, and S(j bitter 
that it is not gnawed by animals; hence this willow is 
specially recommended for game-proof hedges. It is at 
the same time one of the best osier willows.— Pussy 
Willow. See puMgy-willow. — Ring or ring-leafed wil- 
low, a variety of the weeping willow with the leaves 
curle<l into rings. — Rose Willow. See purple wiUou.— 
ROSebay willow. -See wiUmr-lwrb. Sage willow. See 
•ojfe-iciWiMo.— Sallow willow, the common sallow, Salix 
caprea. — Sandbar willow, Salix longiMia, a small tree 
often forming dense clumps of great beauty on river sand- 
bars and banks. It is very common throughout the Missis- 
sippi basin, and reaches its greatest development in north- 
ern California and Oregon. — Shining wtUow, a river- 
bank shrub or small tree, .S'a^tj: lucula, of North America, 
closely allied to the bay wilhiw of Europe, the leaves with 
a long tapering point, smm)th and shining on both sides. 
It is among the most beautiful of willows, and is becoming 
popular in cultivation.— SiUty Willow, (a) The white 
willow, (b) Salix .S'(VcAe/wi>7aTow nuich-branched tree of 
the Pacific coast from California northward. -Swamp 
Willow, the pussy-willow.— Sweet willow, the sweet- 
gale. MyricaGale ; also, the bay willuu'. Drittenand Ilol- 
land. llTov. Eng.] —To Wear the willow, to put on the 
trappings of woe for a lost lover. 
Te'l him, in hope he'll prove a widower shortly, 
I '11 wear the willow garlantl for his sake. 
Sliak., i Hen. VI., ill. .X 228. 
Virginia or Virginian wiUow. .See /(en.— Water wil- 
low. See ira//T-ira(oH.— Weeping Willow, a large tree, 
Salix Babidonica, distinguished by its very long and slen- 
der pendulous branches, a native, not of Babylon, but of 
eastern -Vsia, now common in cultivation in Europe and 
America. Only the female plant is known in western coun- 
tries, but it spreads to some extent by the drifting and root- 
ing of its broken branches. It is considered an emblem of 
mourning, and is often planted in graveyards. The Kil- 
marnock weeping willow is a remarkable variety of the 
common sallow. There is an American weeping willow 
sold in nurseries, which is a ji.iitly j)eiuinlon3 form of the 
European purple willow.— Whipcord WiUow. See jmr- 
pie iH((«K'.— White Willow, S(Uix alba, otherwise called 
HmUiwjton and xUhj willow, perhaps the most common 
cultivated species, a fine tree becoming from .'iO to 8<J feet 
high, the leaves ashy-gray or silky-white on l)oth sides. 
Its wo<jd is smofjth, light, soft, tough, and not subject Ut 
splintering, and is useil for a great variety of puriwses. It 
makes a good gunpow<ler charcoal, for which purpise it is 
grown in .Vew Jersey and Delaware. Tlie typical form is 
the variety S. cxrtdea, or blue willow. The variety S. oitel- 
lina, the goldeit willow or osier, with yellow twigs, is liU'ge- 
ly grown for basket-making.- 'Whortle Willow, Salix 
Myrrinitex. a low, sometimes closely proruuibent shrui), 
under a foot high, with small round, ovate, or lanceolate 
leaves, found in the mountains of the northern old World. 
— Willow scale. Sec iicni«i. — Willow span-worm, 
one of a number of geometrid larva" which feed upon wil- 
low, as the pink-striped, the hu-va of Iteilinia imriolariu 
of the United States — Willow tUBSOCk-moth, a North 
American tussock-moth, Orf/i/ia definila, whose larva seems 
to feed only on willow — a peculiar fact, since othei- tus- 
sock-moth hirva; are rather geniral te<Mlers. —Yellow Wil- 
low, the variety mtellina of ."ializ alba. See white uillow, 
above. 
Willow Pattern. 
6929 
II. a. 1. Made of the wood of the willow; 
consisting of willow. — 2. Of the color of the 
bark of young willow- 
wood ; of a dull yellow- 
ish-green color Wil- 
low pattern, a design in 
ceramic decoration, intro- 
duced by J. Turner in his 
Caughley porcelain in 1780. 
'The design is Chinese in 
character, but is not exact- 
ly copied from any Chinese 
original. It is alwjiys in blue 
ou white or bluish-white 
ground.-WUlow tea. See 
teal. 
■Willowl (wil'o), V. t.; 
pret. and pp. willowed, 
ppr. wUlowhHj. [< willow'^, «.] To beat, as cot- 
ton, etc., with willow rods, in order to loosen it 
and eject the impurities: hence, to pick and 
clean, as any fibrous material; treat with the 
willow or >villowing-machiiie. 
Fine stuff, such as willmced rope. 
Workshop Receipts, 2d ser., p. 36. 
■willow^ ( wil'o), n. [Also wiUy, tciltei/ ; short for 
willow-mnchiiie OT willoicing-macliiiie.] A power- 
machine for extracting dirt and foreign matter 
from hemp and fla.x, for cleaning cotton, and for 
tearing open and cleaning wool preparatory to 
spinning. The machines used for these different ma- 
terials vary hi size, but are essentially lUike, and consist 
of a revolving cylinder armed with spikes in a cylindrical 
casing also armed with spikes. A part of the casing 
forms a grid or sieve, through which the waste falls by 
gravity or is drawn by a suction blast. In certain cotton 
inanufactures it follows the opener, or is used in place of 
it, and is followed by the scutcher. Also called cotton- 
cleaning machine, decil, opening-machine, willower, wil- 
lotcing-mnchine, wiUow-machine, and willying-maehine. 
■willow-beauty (wir6-bii"ti), n. A British ge- 
omotfid motli, Boitrmia rhomhoiduria . 
■willow-bee (wil'6-be), n. A kind of leaf-cut- 
ting bee, Me<jachih willitt/libidltt (wrongly icil- 
Inuylibi/cUa), which builds its cells in willows, 
as originally described by Francis Willugbby 
(1671). 
■willow-beetle (wil'o-be'''tl), h. Any one of 
more tlian a hundred species of beetles which 
live upon the willow ; specilically, a leaf -beetle, 
Phi/llodcctu fitelUnee, which damages willows 
in England and on the continent of Europe, 
its larva> feeding on the leaves and pupating 
underground. 
■willow-cactus (wiro-kak-'^'tus), «. See Bhip- 
■willow-caterpillar (wir6-kat"tr-pil-ar), «. 
Any one of the many different lepidopterous 
larvse which feed upon the willow ; specifically, 
the larva of the viceroy (wliere see cut). 
willow-cimbex (wil'o-sim'beks), II. A very 
large American saw-fly, Cimbex iimericaiia, 
■willow-oak 
stone-iiy; especially, one whose larva is used 
for bait, as the yellow sally, Cliloropirla viridis 
of England, or Nematura variegata of the same 
country. See cut un- 
der Perla. 
willow-gall (wii'6- 
gal), n. Any one of 
numerous galls upon 
willow-shoots and 
-leaves, made mainly 
by gall-midges (Ceci- 
domi/iida'), but often 
by gall-making saw- 
iiies of the genera 
Kvura and Ncinatus. 
Examples of the former 
are the pine-cone willow- 
gall of Cecidoviyia strobi- 
loides and the cabbage- 
sprout willow-gall of Ce- 
cidotnyia salicis-brassi- 
coides. Examplesof those 
made by saw-flies are the 
willow apple-gall of Ne- 
matus salicis-pomum, the 
willow egg-gall of Evura 
salicis omnn. and the wil- 
low bud-gall of Eciira sa- 
licig-geriniia. 
willow-garden 
(wir6-giir"dn), ii. A 
sportsmen's name for a swale grown with wil- 
lows. 
Snipe in the spring not unfrequently take to swampy 
thickets of black alder, and what are known as " uillow 
gardens," with springy bottoms, for shelter and food. 
Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 161. 
■willow-ground (wil'o-ground), H. A piece of 
swampy land where osiers are grown for basket- 
making. 
■willow-grouse (wil'6-grous), «. The willow- 
ptarmigan. 
■willow-herb (wil'o-erb), n. 
genus EjiHobium, so named 
like leaves of K. iin- 
Cabbage-sprout Willow-^; 
1. A plant of the 
from the willow- 
Tlie Inflorescence of Willow 
{l-.pilobium a>ii:itsti/ohu}n\. 
it, capsule, opening : b, seed. 
herb 
The 
Willow-cimbex <,Cimbtx americana), natural size. 
whose large whitish larva; feed on tlie foliage 
of tlie willow, elm, bircli, and linden, frequently 
entirely defoliating large trees. See Cimbex. 
■willow-curtain (wil'o-ker"tan), n. In bi/draiil. 
eiiffiii., a form of floating dilse made of willow 
wands, used in western rivers in the United 
States as a sliield against the current, and to 
prevent the wearing of tlie banks. 
■Willow-dolerus (wil'6-dol"e-rus). II. A small 
saw-fly. Dolcntx (irrcii.ii.^, blue-black in color, 
found fi'e({iiently on willows in the United 
States ill May and June. 
■willowed (w'il'od), (I. [< iriUiiwl + -erf'-i.] 
Abounding with willows. [Rare.] 
No longer steel-clad waiTifn-s ride 
Along thy wild and uiltow'd sliore. 
Scott, L. of 1,. M., iv. 1. 
■willower (wil'o-er), II. 
Same as icillnw'^. 
[< wilhii-i + -e/-l.] 
■willow-fly (wil'o-fli), II. Apseudoneuropterous 
insect ot the family I'erlidie; any perlid or 
(juKtifoUiim, the great 
willow-herb. This is 
the most conspicuous spe- 
cies, a native of Europe, 
Asia, and North America, 
abounding especially in 
recent forest-clearings, 
hence in America also 
cnXXtid fire-weed. It grows 
from 4 to 7 feet high, and 
bears a long raceme of 
showy pink-purple flow- 
ers. Other(British)names 
are rose-bay, bay wiltmv, 
Persian, and especially 
French, willow. E. lati- 
.folium of arctic Europe, 
Asia, and North America, 
reaching Colorado in the 
mountains, is a much 
lower plant with similar 
showy flowers. E. obcor- 
datum isabeautifuldwai-f 
species of the mountains 
of California. E. luteum, 
found from Oregon north- 
■ ward, is peculiar in its 
yellow flowers. Many 
species are not at all 
sliowy. The great willow- 
herb and others have an unofhcinal medicinal use. 
Indian name wievp or wicopg survives in some hooks. See 
also cut under coma. 
2. See /.//Mr ((«(.- French willow-herb, the French 
willow. See def. 1.— Hooded willow-herb, tln' skull- 
cap, .Sc«(€HtrWa. — Nightwlllow-herb, the cviiiiiig prim- 
rose, (Enothera &u'/jnw.— Spiked Willow-herb, Ejulobi- 
urn. anguj.ti/olhftiK fcn-merly E, spicatum. — Swamp wll- 
lOW-herb, Eju'lnlmnn palustre, 
■willo^wing-maclline (wil'o-ing-ina-slien'), II. 
Same as willotr'^. 
■willo^wish (wil'o-ish), a. [< icillou'i^ + -i.vAi.] 
Kesembling tlie willow; like the color of the 
willow. /. Il'iiltoii. Complete Angler, i. 5. 
■willow-lark (wil'o-liirk), n. The sedge-war- 
bler. J'ciinaiit, 1768. {Iiiij). Diet.) 
■willow-leaf (wil'o-lef), n. One of the elongated 
filaments of which the solar photosphere ap- 
pears to be composed, especially in tlie neigh- 
liorhood of sun-spots. The name was proposed hy 
Nasmyth, but is no longer in general use, since as a rule 
the photosphcrie grannies arc not of a form to justify it. 
■willow-machine (wiro-nia-shen'''), "■ Same 
as ir(//oic'". 
■willow-moth (wiro-moth), H. A common lirit- 
isli iioctuiil moth, CiirtidriiKi tjiiiidripiiiii-ldtii, a 
|iale mottled species whose caterjiillnr does 
much damage to stored grain. 
willow-myrtle (■wir6-nier"tl), )(. A niyrtaceous 
tree with willow-like leaves, .■liiiiiiis flixno.sd, of 
western Australia, growing 40 feet high. 
■willow-oak (wil'o-ok), n. An American oak, 
<,h(('rci(s riiillii.s, found from New York near the 
