wind 
6t. To turn or toss about ; twist ; squirm. 
Thou art so lothly and so old also, 
And therto conien of so lough a kynde, 
That litel wonder is though I walwe and wynde. 
Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 246. 
7. To have a twist oi* au uneven surface, or a 
surface whose parts do not lie in the same plane, 
as a piece of wood. — Sf. To return. 
Thus sirnes the jere in gisterdayes mony, 
& wynter wyndes agayn. 
Sir CUiicayne aiui the Green Knight (E. E. T. .S.), 1- 531. 
To wind on witht, to follow the same course as ; keep 
pace with. 
To such as walk in their wickedness, and wind on vnth 
the world, this time is a time of wrath and vengeance. 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc, 1S53X H- 2-21. 
To wind up, to come to a conclusion, halt, or end ; con- 
clude; tlnish. 
Mrs. Parsons . . . expatiated on the impatienceof men 
generally ; . . . and ivound up by insinuating that slie must 
be one of the best tempers that ever existed. 
Dickens, Sketches, Tales, x. 2. 
He was trading up to Parsonsfield, and business run 
down, so he wound up there, and thought he'd make a 
new start. S. 0. Jewett, Deephaven, p. 175. 
Winding shaft, the shaft in any mine which is used for 
winding, or in which the ore, coal, etc., are raised or 
wound (see II., 7) to the surface. 
H. trans. 1. To cause to move in this direc- 
tion and in that; turn. 
Eveiy word gan up and down to wynde. 
That he had seyd, as it come hire to raj-nde. 
Chaucer, l"roilu8, ii. 601. 
He endeavours to turn and wi)id himself every way to 
evade the force of this famous challenge. Waterland, 
2. To bend or turn at will: direct according to 
one's pleasure ; vary the course or direction of ; 
hence, to exercise complete control over. 
She Is the clernesse and the ven'ay light 
That in this derke world me wynt and ledeth. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 85. 
To turn and irind a ttery I'egasus, 
And witch the world with noble horsemanship. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iv. 1. 109. 
3. To turn or twist round and round on some- 
thing; place or arrange in more or less regu- 
lar coils or convolutions on something (such 
as a reel, spool, or bobbin) which is turned 
round and. round; form into a ball, iiank. or 
the like by turning that on which successive 
coils are placed, or by carrying the coils romid 
it: as, to wind yarn or thread. 
You have ufound a goodly clew. 
Sftak., All's Well, i. 3. 188. 
4f. To form by twisting or twining; weave; 
fabricate. 
For that same net so cunningly was leound 
That neither guile nor force might it distraine. 
Spen»er, F. Q., II. xii. 82. 
5. To place in folds, or otherwise dispose on 
or around something; bind; twist; wrap. 
lliis hand, just wound alxjut thy coal-black hair. 
Shak., :( Hen. VI., v. 1. 54. 
Wind the i)enance-Hheet 
About her I Browning, Count Oismond. 
6. To entwist; infold; encircle: literally or 
figuratively. 
Eche gan other in his winges take. 
And with her nekkes eche gan other wynde. 
Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 1. 671. 
Sleep thou, and I will wind thee in my arms. 
Shak., M. N. D., iv. 1. 45. 
You talk as if you meaitt to wind me in. 
And make me of the number. 
B-au. and FL, Laws of Candy, ii. 1. 
M"". Allerton being wound into his dtbte also ujKtn par- 
ticuler dealings, liradfi/rd, Plymouth Plantation, p. 302. 
And vri.nd the front of youth with flowers. 
Tennymn, Ancient Hage. 
7. To haul or hoist by or as by a winch, whim, 
capstan, or the like : as, to wind or warj) a ship 
out of harbor; specifically, in mining, to raise 
(the produce of the mine) to the surface by 
means of a winding-engine ; lioist. The term 
wi»Mf, as well as draw, is often employed in Great liritain, 
while houd is generally used in the Tnited States. In the 
early days of mining, ore and coal were almost exclusively 
raised by hand-, horse-, or steam-power, in l>ucket8 or kili- 
bles ; at the present time, in both England and the United 
States, this is done by means of a whiding-engine which 
turns a drum on which a rope (generally of steel wire) is 
wound and unwound, and by means of wnich a cage (see 
cage, 3 (d)) is raised or lowered, on which the loaded cars 
are lifted to tlie surface, and the empties returned to the 
fdt-bottom. The dimensions of engines, drums, and cages 
n lan?e mines are siiruetimes vei-y great, as is also tlie 
velocity with which the machinery is moved. Thus, in 
the Monkwearmouth colliery, Durham, England, the wind- 
ing-drums are 25 feet in diameter, the rope weighs 4^ tons, 
the cage and load 1\ tons; the vertical distance through 
wlrtch the cage is raised is 5^ yards, and the time occu- 
pied in lifting it and discharging the cars is two minutes 
and four seconds. 
6933 
The Hollanders . . . layd out haulsers, and wound them- 
selues out of the way of vs. Hakluyt's Voyages, iii. 710. 
8. To insinuate; work or introduce insidiously 
or stealthily ; worm. 
As he by his bould confidence «fc large promises deceived 
them in England that sente him, so he had wound him 
selfe in to these mens high esteeme hear. 
Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 171. 
They have little arts and dexterities to wind in such 
things into discourse. Dr. U. More. 
9+. To contrive by resort to shifts and expe- 
dients (to effect something) ; bring; procure or 
get by devious ways. 
Wee'U haue some trick and wile 
To icinde our yonger brother out of prison 
That lies in for tlie Rape. 
Tourneur, Revenger's Tragedy, iii. 1. 
He with his former dealings had wound in what money 
he had in y« partnership into his owne hands. 
Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 301. 
lOt. To circulate; put or keep in circulation. 
Amongst the rest of the Plantations all this Summer 
little was done but securing themselues and planting 
Tobacco, which passes there as current Siluer, and by the 
oft turning and wiwiing it some grow rich, but many 
poore. Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, II. 89. 
There is no State that winds the Penny more nimbly, 
and makes quicker Returns [than Lucca]. 
Howell, Letters, I. i. 41. 
11. To adjust or dispose for work or motion 
by coiling a spring more tightly or otherwise 
turning some mechanical device: as, to wind a 
clock or a watch. See to icind up (/), below. 
When he wound his clock on Sunday nights the whirr 
of that monitor reminded the widow to wind hers. 
T. Hardy, Trumpet-Major, iii. 
To wind a ship, to bring it round until the head occu- 
pies the place where the stern was.— To wind Ofif, to un- 
wind; uncoil.— To wind up. (a) To coil up into a small 
compa8S,a8askein of thread; form into a ball or coil round 
a bobbin, reel, or tlie like. Hence — (6) To bring to a final 
disposition or conclusion ; finish ; arrange and adjust for 
final settlement, as the atfairs of a company or partner- 
ship on its dissolution. 
I could not wiiui it [the discourse] up closer. 
Howell, Letters, I. vi. 3. 
The Author, upon the winding up of his Action, intro- 
duces all those who had any i'oncerri in it. 
Addison, Spectator, No. 357. 
Signur Jupe was to "enliven the varied performances at 
frequent intervals with his chaste Sbakspearian quips and 
retorts." Lastly he was to wind them up by appealing in 
his favourite character of Mr. William Button. 
Dickens, llai-d Times, i. 3. 
(c) To tighten, as the strings of certain musical instru- 
ments, so as t*> bring them to the proper pitch; put in 
tune by stretching the strings over the pegs. 
Wind up the slacken'd strings of thy lute. 
Waller, Chloris and Hylas. 
Hence, figuratively — (rf) To restore to harmony or con- 
cord ; bring to a natural or healthy condition. 
The untuned and jarring senses. <), wiiui up. 
Of this child-changed father ! Shak., Lear, iv. 7. 16. 
(e) To bring to a state of great tension ; subject to a severe 
strain or excitement ; put U[)on the stretch. 
They wound up his temper to a pitch, and treacherously 
made use of that infirmity. Bp. Atterbury. 
Our poet was at last wound up to the height of expecta- 
tion. Goldtnnith, Voltaire. 
if) To bring into a state of renewed or continued motion, 
as a watch or clock, by coiling anew the spring or drawing 
up the weights. 
When an authentic watch is shown. 
Each man -winds up and rectifies his own. 
Suckling, Aghmra, Epil. 
Hence, figuratively — (y) To prepare for continued move- 
ment, action, or activity ; airange or adapt for continued 
operation ; give fresli or continued activity or energy to ; 
restore to original vigor or order. 
Fate seemed to wind him up for fourscore years 
Yet freshly ran he on ten winters more. Dryden. 
Is there a tongue like Delia's o'er her cup. 
That runs for ages without M'tn(/ui.7-Mj>? 
Young, Love of B'anie, i. 282. 
(h) To hoist ; draw ; raise by or as by a winch. 
Let me see thy hand : this was ne'er made to wash, 
Or uiiul up water, beat clothes, or rub floor. 
Beau, and FL, Coxcomb, ii. 2. 
Winding-up Act, in Eng. law, an act providing for the 
dissolution of joint-stock companies, and the winding up 
of their affairs; more specifically, 7 and 8 Vict., c. Ill (1844); 
followed and amended by and 10 Vict., c. 28(1846); Hand 
12 Vict., c. 45(1848); 12 and 13 Vict., c. 108(1849); 13 and 14 
Vict., c. as (1850); 19 and 20 Vict., c. 47 (iH.'iG); 20 and 21 
Vict.,c. 49, c. 78(18.57); and superseded by The Companies' 
Act (1862). 25 and 26 Vict., c. 89. 
Windi (wind), n, [< ME. ivinde (= MD. MHG. 
winde, OHG. wintd) ; from the verb.] A wind- 
ing; a turn; a bend: as, the road there takes 
a wind to the south Out of wind, free from bends 
or crooks; perfectly straight. [Colloq.] 
wind2(wind; formerly and still poetically also 
wind), n. [< MK. wind, wt/nd. < AS. wind = OS. 
OFries. I). LG. wind = OHtJ. MHG. wint, G. 
wind = Toel. vindr = S\v. Dan. vind = Goth. 
winds, winthff, wind, air in motion, = W. yxcyni 
wind 
= L. ventus, wind, = Gr. arirtig, a blast, gale, 
wind, = Skt. vdta, wind ; lit. ' that which blows,' 
being orig. from the ppr. (ef. Gr. daV {aFevr-), 
blowing, ppr. ) of a verb (Skt. ^Z vd) seen in Goth. 
waian, etc., G. wehen, blow, Kuss, vieiate, blow 
(> vieteru, wind), etc., Lith, wejas, wind, from 
which is also ult. derived weather: seeiveather. 
From the E. wind, besides the verb and the 
obvious derivatives or compoimds, are derived 
window, winnow J etc; from the L. are ult. E. 
vent'^j ventilate, ventose, etc. (see also renf^).^ 
1. Air naturally in motion at the earth's sur- 
face with any degree of velocity; a current of 
air as coming from a particular direction . When 
the air has only a slight motion, it is called a breeze ; when 
its velocity is greater, afresh breeze; and when it is vio- 
lent, a gale, storm, or hurricane. The ultimate cause of 
winds is to be found in differences of atmospheric density 
produced by the sun in its unequal heating of different 
parts of the earth. These original differences of density 
give rise to vertical and horizontal currents of air which 
constitute and establish the general atmospheric circula- 
tion, and determine permanent belts of relatively high and 
low pressure over the earth's surface. Differences of pres- 
sure, in turn, produce their own differences of density at 
the earth's surface, and thereby become a secondary cause 
of winds. 'J'he general system of atmospheric circulation, 
with respect both to surface-winds and to their correlative 
upper currents, is described under trade-wind. In accor- 
dance with the character of their exciting cause, winds may 
be divided into — (l) conMant, the trade-winds and anti- 
trade ui,nds, which depend upon the permanent difference 
of temperature between the equatorial regions and higher 
latitudes ; (2) periodic, the monsoons, and land- and sea- 
breezes which arise respectively from a seasonal and di- 
urnal difference of temperature between land and sea ; (3) 
cyclonic and anticyclonic, winds associated with or con- 
stituting progressive areas of high and low pressure, the 
ultimate origin of which, especially of those in high lati- 
tudes, is not satisfactorily determined ; (4) ichirlu-inds and 
(certain) squalls, which arise when the air is in a condi- 
tion of unstable wiuilibrium, and are developed as a part 
of the process by which stability is regained (this class 
includes the most violent winds, such as the tornado), and 
these occur when the instability is the combined effect of 
a high temperature and a high humidity, a condition favor- 
able to the development of the greatest possible gradients 
of density, and hence of the most terrific manifestations of 
wind ; (fi) special, winds which logically l)elong to the pre- 
ceding classes, but which by reason of special character- 
istics, arising frequently from local tt)pography, have re- 
ceived special appellations, as the sirocco, the hannattan, 
the mistral, the forhn, the chinook, etc. Winds are also 
commonly named from the point of compass from which 
they blow, as a north wirid, an eaM u-iiui, a southurd nind. 
The winds were personified and worshiped as divinities 
by the ancients, and representations of them are frequent 
in ancient art, particularly in Greek sculpture and vase- 
painting. 
And erly on the Tewysday, whiche was seynt Thomas 
daye, we made sayle, and passed by the costes of Slauony 
and Hystria with easy wynde. 
Sir Ii. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 9. 
By reason of contrary wiiuies we put backe againe to 
Pro>deno, because we could not fetch Sapientia. 
Hakluyt's Voyages, II. 1G8. 
2. A direction from which the wind may blow; 
a point of the compass, especially one of the 
cardinal points. [Rare.] 
Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon 
these slain. Ezek. xxxvii, 9. 
3. Air artificially put in motion by any force or 
action: as, the inwrf of a bellows; the wind oi ii 
bullet or a cannon-ball (see windage). 
Which he disdaining whisked his sword about, 
And with the u'i}ul thereof the king fell down. 
Marlowe and Xashe, 'J'ragedy of Dido, ii. 1. 
The whiff and wind of his fell sword. 
Shak., Hamlet, ii. 2. 495. 
4. Air impregnated with animal odor or scent. 
Else counsellors will but take the wind of him. 
Bacon, Of Counsel. 
5. In musical instruments the sound of wliich 
is produced by a stream of compressed air or 
breath, either the supply of air under compres- 
sion, as in the bellows of an organ oriu a singer's 
lungs, or the stream of air used in sound-pro- 
duction, as in the mouth of an organ-pipe, in 
the tube of a flageolet, or in the voice. 
Their instruments were various in their kind, 
Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind. 
Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 1. 357. 
6. Breath; also, power of respiration; lung- 
power. See second wind, below. 
Ye noye me soore in wastyng al this xvynde, 
For 1 haue seide y-noghe, as semethe me.' 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 79. 
My wynde is stoppyd, gon is my brethe. 
Coventry Mysteries, p. 2'20. 
Woman, thy wordis and thy wynde thou not waste. 
York Plays, p. 2ri8. 
If my un.nd were but long enough to say my prayers, I 
would repent. Shak., M. W. of W,, iv. 5. 104. 
How they spar for wind, instead of bitting from the 
shoulder. 0. W. Uolnies, Professor, ii. 
7. Tlie part of the boily in the region of the 
stomach, a blow upon which causes a tempo- 
