winebibbing 
n. a. Drinking much wine ; toping. 
Brussels suited Temple far better than the palaces of 
the boar-hunting and iciiie-hibbing princes of (Germany. 
Macaulay, Sir William Temple. 
wine-biscuit (win'bis"ljit), n. A light biscuit 
served with wine. 
wine-blne (win'blo), n. See blue. 
wine-bottle (win'bot'l). n. A bottle for hold- 
ing wine. 
Witu-botties old, and rent, and bound up. Josh. ix. 4. 
wine-bowl (win'bol), ». An elaborate drink- 
ing-eup, large, and without a stand or stem ; a 
bowl intended for use in drinking wine. 
Mazers, or maple unne-botels, were for centuries in com- 
mon use in Englajid. 
A. P. Humphrey, Art Journal, 1883, p. 182. 
Winebrennerian (win-bre-ne'ri-an), a. and H. 
[< Wincbrcnner (see def.) + -iaii.] I. a. Per- 
taining to Wiuebrenner or to the Winebren- 
nerians: as, Winebrennerimi doctrines. 
II. n. A member of a Baptist denomina- 
tion called officially the Cliurcli of (lod. it was 
founded in Pennsylvania by John Winebrenner, a cler- 
gyman of the German Reformed Church, and was organ- 
ized in 1829-30. Its distinctive tenet is that feet-washing 
is "obligatory upon all Christians." 
wine-bush (win'bush), «. a bush or sign mark- 
ing the presence of a wine-shop or tavern. 
There stood near to the tomb a very small hut, also 
thatched, and declared to he a tavern by its wine-bmh. 
J. U. Shorthowfe, John Inglesant, xxxvi. 
wine-carriage (win'kar"aj). ». A utensil for 
holding a single bottle of wine, of basket form, 
but having wheels allowing it to be rolled 
smoothly along the table. 
wine-cask (win'kask), h. A strong tight cask, 
made for holding wine for ripening or trans- 
portation. 
wine-cellar (vnn'sel'ar), «. [< ME. iri/ne-celdr; 
< icine + cefhir.} A cellar, or an inclosed part 
of a cellar, reserved for the storage of wine. 
Such a place, when used for claret and other light wines, 
should have an equable temperature, not too warm. On 
the other hand, Madeira, port, and similar strong wines, 
as well as spirits, are supposed to improve by exp<tsure to 
warmer air. They are often kept in a ditlerent cellar, or 
In an upper story of the house. 
Thi icyne cdar in colde Septemtrion 
Wei derk and ferre from bathes, oste, and stable, 
Myddyng, cisterne, and thynges everichoon 
That evel snielle. 
falladitu, Husbondrie (E. E. T. ».). p. 17. 
wine-colored (win'kul'ord), a. Of the color of 
red wine ; vinaceous. 
wine-COnner (win'kon'er), n. A wine-taster: 
an inspector of wines. Compare ak-coniier. 
Tasterin ... A Broker for Winemarchants, a Witie- 
cunn^r, Cotffrave. 
wine-cooler (win'ko'ler), II. A vessel in which 
bottled wine is immersed in a cool li(iuid, as 
in water containing ice, to cool it before it is 
drunk. Wine-coolers for use at table are generally of a 
reversed conical form, and of silver, silver-plated ware, or 
the like. 
Wine-dninkt (win'drungk), a. [< ME. iryii- 
driinke ; < iriiic + dniiik:] Drunken with wine; 
intoxicated. 
Ne wurth thu never so wod, ne so icyn dninke. 
Kel. Antiq., I. 178. 
wine-fat (win'fat), w. [< irhw + f'll'^.] The 
vat or vessel into which the liquor flows from 
a wine-press. Isa. Ixiii. 2. 
Winefly (win'fU), n. l. a small fly, of the ge- 
nus I'iopliila, which lives in its earlier stages 
in wine, cider, and other fermented liquors, 
and even in strong alcohol. — 2. Any one of 
several small flies of the genus Dionophilii, 
which breed in decaying fruit, pomace, and 
marc. 
wine-fountain (win'foun"tan), ». An urn- 
shaped vessel with cover and faucet : usually 
a piece of plate, as of silver or of silver-gilt, 
and characteristic of the eighteenth century. 
wine-glass (win'glas), «. A small drinking- 
glass for wine. The name is usuallygivento thatsize 
and shape of glass which is especially appropriatetl to the 
wine most in use : thus, in some places, the small glass 
for sherry will bear this name, and the others be called by 
special names, as daret-fjlans or champaniie-ijlann. 
Wineglassful (win'gla»-ful), II. As much as a 
wine-glass can hold; as a conventional mea- 
sure, two fluidounces. 
wine-grower (win'gr6"ir), «. One who owns or 
cultivates a vineyard where wine is produced. 
wine-growing (win'gr6"ing), n. The cultiva- 
tion of the grape with a view to the making of 
wine. 
Winele8S(win'les), «. [< «•(»(• + -li-.iH.'] Lack- 
ing wine; not tising, producing, or containing 
wine; unaccompanied by wine: as, a iriiiclc.'i.i 
meal. 
6939 
A uiiieless weak wine as one m.iy say, that either drink- 
eth flat and hath lost the colour, or else is much delayed 
with water. Holland, tr. of I'lutarch, p. .SCO. 
You will be able to pass the rest of your tvineless life in 
ease and plenty. .SuiJ't, To IJay, Nov. 10, 173U. 
The well-known fact that uineles.^ otferings were made 
to the Muses. Amer. Jour. I'hitol., VIII. 3. 
wine-marc (win 'mark). It. In wiiic-maiuif., 
the refuse matter which remains after the 
juice has been pressed from the fruit. See 
As many [grapes] as have lien among wme-mnrc, or the 
refuse of kernels and skins remaining after the presse, are 
hurtfull to the head. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxiii. 1. 
wine-measure (w5ii'mezh''ur), >i. An old Eng- 
lish system of measures of capacity differing 
from beer-measure, the gallon being about five 
sixths of the gallon of the latter, and contain- 
ing only 231 cubic inches, it remained in use until 
the establishment of the imperial gallon in 1825, and its 
gallon is the standard of the tnited .States. Iji wine- 
measure, 1 tuii = 2 pipes = 3 puncheons = 4 hogsheads 
= (i tierces; one tierce = 42 gallons; one gallon = 2 pot- 
tles = 4 quarts = 8 pints. See also gill and (jallon. 
wine-merchant (win'mer "chant), II. One who 
deals in wines and other alcoholic beverages, 
especially at wholesale, or in large quantities. 
wine-oil (win'oil), ». The commercial name 
for an oil found in a peculiarly rich brandy 
made from the ferment and stalks left froiii 
wine-making. It has a strong flavor of cognac. 
Also called cor/nac-oil and liuilc de iiitiic. 
wine-palm (win'pam), u. A palm from which 
palm-wine is obtained; a toddy-palm. See 
tiiddi/ and toddij-pabii. Cnmpar'i'biiriti. 
wine-party (win'par'ti), «. A party at which 
wine is a chief feature; a drinking-party. 
There were young men who despised the lads who in- 
dulged in the coarse hospitalities of vine-jHirtieii. who 
prided themselves in giving recherche little French din- 
ners. Thackeray, Book of .Snobs, xv. 
wine-piercer (win'per'ser), n. In licr., a bear- 
ing representing an instrument for tapping 
casks. It somewhat resembles a gimlet with 
a heavy handle set crosswise to the shaft. 
wine-press (win'pres), ». A press in which the 
juice is squeezed from grapes. 
I have caused wine to fail from the wine-preasen : none 
shall tread with shouting. Jer. xlviii. :«. 
wine-room (win'riini), M. 1. A room in which 
wine is kept or stored. — 2. A room where 
wine is served to customers; a bar-room. 
winery (wi'ner-i). H. ; pi. (Cifftric.? (-iz). [iiriiic 
+ -cri/.) An establishment for making wine. 
Several large canneries have been established within 
ten years, as well as packing establishments for raisins, 
and mni'riet. Appteton's Ann. Cyc, 18S6, p. ISO. 
wine-sap (win'sap), ». A highly esteemed 
American apple. 
wine-skin (wiu'skin), h. a vessel for holding 
wine, made of the nearly complete skin of a 
goat, hog, or other quadruped, with the open- 
ings of the legs, neck, etc., secured. Compare 
boi'iti'liifi, askos. 
No man putteth new wine into old uine-skins: . . . 
but they put new wine into fresh iHne-skinjt. 
Mark ii. 22 [R. V.]. 
wine-SOpst (win'sops), «. pi. Same as sups in 
If inc. See sop. 
Bring the Pinckes therewith many Gelliflowres sweete. 
And the Cnllambynes ; let us haue the Wynesops. 
E. Webbe, Eng. Foetrie (ed. Arber), p. 84. 
wine-sour (win'sour), n. A kind of iilum. 
lluUiwell. 
wine-stone (win'stou), «. A deposit of crude 
tartar or argol which settles on the sides and 
bottoms of wine-casks. 
wine-taster (win'ta,s"ter), n. 1. One whose 
liusiness it is to taste or sample wines. — 2. 
HiimQ iUi siimplinn-tnbc. V.om\iave pipette. L'. 
wine-treet (win'tre), n. [< ME. icintrc. < AS. 
ifintrcdii; a grape-vine, < mii, wine, + tiroic, 
tree: see iriita and trie.] A grape-vine. 
Me drempte, ic stod at a vin-tre. 
That adde waxen buges thre, 
Orest it blomede, and sithen bar 
The beries ripe, wnrth ic war. 
Genenis and Ezoiius (E. E. T. S.), I. 20S!). 
wine-vault (win'viilt), i(. l. A vaulted wine- 
cellar; hence, any wine-cellar, or place for tlie 
storage of wines. — 2. Generally in the plural, 
a place where wine is tasted or drunk: often 
used as equivalent to tiirerii or "snlooii." 
wine-warrant (win'wor'ant), n. A wan-ant 
to the keeper of a bonded warehouse for the 
(lelivei'v f)f wine. 
winey, "• See »-//iy. 
Wineyardt, «. [< MF;. iri/niiard, wim/ord, iriii- 
geard, < AS. vimjenrd. a wiiieyard. < \i:in, wine, 
Wing 
+ geard, yard : see wine and ijard^. Cf. rine- 
ijard.] Same as vineyard. 
Nimeth & keccheth us, leofman, anon the junge uoxes. 
Thet beoth the erest prokunges thet sturieth the win- 
geardee. Aneren Mule, p. 294. 
wing (wing), H. [Formerly also tceHf/ ; < ME. 
winije, tvcnpe, also (with intrusive h) liiringe, 
irhengc, < Icel. nenijr = Sw. Dan. vinye, a wing. 
The AS. word for ' wing' w&i fether ; cf. L. pen- 
iia, Gr. irTepov, wing, from the same uU. source : 
see feather and peii^.] 1. In vertebrate zoiil., 
the fore limb, anterior extremity, or appendage 
of the scapular arch or shoulder-girdle, corre- 
sponding to the human arm, fitted in any way 
for flight or aerial locomotion ; or the same 
limb, however rudimentary or fnnctionless, of 
a member of a class of animals which ordinari- 
ly have this limb fitted for Uight. That modifica- 
tion of a limb which makes it a wing occurs in several 
ways : (a) In ornith., by the reduction and consolidation 
of terminal bones ^ 
of the fore limb, 
the reduction of 
the free carpal 
hones to two, a 
peculiar construc- 
tion and mecha- 
nism of the joints, 
a compaction of 
the fleshy parts, 
and an extension 
of surface by the 
peculiar tegumen- 
tary outgrowths 
called featfierfi. 
(See cuts under 
Iclithifornis and 
pinioiO.) Such a 
limb, in nearly all 
birds, is service- 
able for aerial 
flight; in a few 
birds, as dippers, 
which fly through 
the air, also for 
swimming under water; in some, as penguins, only for 
swimming, in which case the wing is flipper-like or tin- 
like ; in some, as the ostrich, it serves only as an aid in 
running ; in some, as the emu, cassowary, and apteryx, 
it is practically functionless ; it appears to have been 
wanting in the moas ; it is a weapon of offense and defense 
in some l)irds, as the swan, and others in which it is pro- 
vided with a horny spur ; it is terminated with a claw or 
claws in some birds. The principal feathers of the wing 
are the remiges, rowers, or flight-feathers, those which are 
seated upon the hand being the primaries, those of the 
forearm secondaiies, those of the upper arm tertiaries and 
scapularies, those of the thumb bastard quills ; the smaller 
feathers, overlying the bases of the remiges, are collec- 
tively known as coverts. (See cut under cm:ert, 6.) The 
various shapes of birds' wings depend to some extent upon 
the proportions of the bones, especially those of the pinion 
(see ilacrocldres), but mainly upon the development of the 
flight-feathers, and the lengths of these relatively to one 
another. Among birds which can fly probably no one 
shiipe is sharply distinguished from all others ; so that the 
terms in technical use are simply descriptive of size, con- 
tour, and the like, as long, short, narrow, bload(or ample), 
pointed, rotuuled, vaulted, etc., requiring no further ex- 
planation. See names of the sets of feathers used above, 
and phrases below, {b) In mavimal., by the enormous ex- 
tension of boTies of the hand and fingers, upon which, and 
between which and the body and leg, is stretched an ex- 
tension of integument, the whole limb being lengthened, 
as well as its terminal segment, and there being other 
peculiarities of osseous structure and mechanism, as the 
apparent absence of one of the two bones of the forearm 
by extreme reduction of 
tile ulna. Such is the 
condition of thefore limb 
of bats, or Ctiiroptera, 
which alone are provided 
with true wings and ca- 
pable of true flight ; for 
the so-called wings of 
various other mammals 
described as "flying," as 
the flying-squirrel, fly- 
ing-phalanger, etc., are 
more properly para- 
chutes or patagia, and 
their flight is oidy a pro- 
longed leap. See cuts 
UTider bat,Jtyiny-/ox, and 
modification of the fore 
Wmg of Bird : feathers of the wing-tract 
(pleryla alarisi. i. bend of the wing, or car- 
pal anyle : 1-2, edge of the wing ; ?, wing-tip, 
at end of longest primary ; r-2-3, tile pinion, 
Ixirne upon the nianus, consisting of ten pri- 
maries and the primary coverts, together with 
the alula, or bastard wing ; 3, reentrance of 
the wing in the middle of the posterior border 
of wing 2-4 ; r-3-4, seven secondaries, over- 
laid by greater, median, and lesser rows of 
secondary coverts, the unshaded area forming 
a speculum : 4-5, three tertiaries (specialized 
inner secondaries) : 6, root of the wing, tow-ard 
the anatomical shoulder: 6-1, anterior tx)rder 
of the wing. 
Wing of Bat ; expansion of skin from 
the W<ly on to elongated digits. 
n, shoulder ; f>, elltow ; c, wrist ; ii. 
hind fo<.t : r, small free hooketi 
thumb : -2, 3. second and third fingers, 
lying clo^e together : 4, fourth finger; 
5, fifth finger. 
Pteropodid/e. (c) In lierpet., by 
limb comparable to that of a bat's, but peculiar in the 
enormous extension of an ulnar digit, and its connec- 
tion with other digits and with the body by an expansion 
of the integument, as in the extinct flying reptiles, the 
pteroilactyls. (,See cut under pterodactyl.) The flying 
apparatus of certain recent reptiles, as tlie Draco volang, 
is a parachute, not a true wing, (rf) In ielith., a mere 
enlargement of the pectoral tins enables some fishes to 
sustain a kind of flight; and, as the pectoral rtns answer 
to the fore limbs of higher vertebrates, this case comes 
under the definition of a wing. See cut mu\er Jlyiny-Jiffi. 
2. In cntrim., an expansion of the crust of an 
insect, sufficing for flight, or a homologous 
expansion, however modified in form or func- 
tion, fir even functionless so far as aerial loco- 
motion is conccrneil. sm-b a formation, though a 
wing by analogy of function with the wing of a verte- 
Itrate, is an entirely dilferent structure, having no homol- 
ogy with the fore liinli of a vertebrate. It consists of a 
fold of integument, suppoited on a tulmlar framework of 
so-called nerves <ir veins, which may be in comninnica- 
