Xanthochroi 
6998 
They are found under dead leaves, stones, aud moss ; but 
a few Eumpean species are myrniecophilcus, living in the 
nests of Formica rvtfa and F. fuliginosa. 
Khroi or fair whites -tall, with almost XanthoUteS (zan-tho-ll'tez), «. [NL. (Ethe- 
I, blue or mey eyes, hair from straw colour -^^""""""jj" > «. • n, j_ -, 'o „*„ „n A 
Id skulls varying a^ to proi>ortiouate width ndge), < tr. fai^of, yellow, + Ai^of stone.] A 
" - - - . genug of fossil erustaoeans from the London 
clay. 
xanthoma (zan-tho'ma), ». [NL., < Gr. fov- 
6di;, yellow, + -oma.'\ A connective-tissue new 
growth in the skin, forming soft yellow patches, 
either flat (xanthoma planum) or tuberculated 
(xanthoma tuberosum). The former is especially apt 
to occur on the eyelids, being then called xanthoma palpe- 
brarum. Also called vitUigoidea and xanthelasma. 
xanthomatous (zan-thom'a-tus), a. [< xan- 
thoma(t-) + -o««.] In ^Ja^o'-, of or pertaining 
to xanthoma: as, the xanthomatous diathesis. 
xanthomelanous (zan-tho-mel'a-nus), a. [< Gr. 
^avdog, yellow, + /«Aof (fie'/.av-), tlaok.] Noting 
a type or race of men. See the quotation. 
The Xanthomelanous, with black hair and yellow, brown, 
or olive skins, llaxley, Critiques and Addresses, p. 153. 
antliropologists classify man, comprising the 
blond type, or fair whites. 
The Xanthochroi or fair whites 
colourless skin, 
to chestnut, and ___ . , _ . . 
— are the prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and 
the type mav l>e traced into North Africa and eastward 
as far as Uindostan. On the south and west it mixes with 
that of the Melanochroi, or dark whites, aud on the north 
and east with that of the Mongoloids. 
E. B. Tylor, Encyc. Brit, II. 113. 
xanthochroia (zan-tho-kroi'ii), n. [NL., < Gr. 
^avdd^, yellow, + xpo'^^j the"skiu.] A yellow 
discoloration of the skin resulting from pig- 
mentary changes. Also xunthopathla, xantho- 
pathy. 
xanthocbroic (zan-tho-kro'ik), a. [< xantho- 
chro-ous + -fc] Same as xanthochroous. 
That distinction of light- and dark-haired populations 
and individuals which anthropologists have designated 
xanthochroic aud melanochroic. 
A. WincMl, N. A. Rev., CXXXIX. 254. 
xanthochroous (zan-thok'ro-us), a. [< NL. 
*xanthoi-Ur(iu.f, < Gr. ^avSoxpoo^, yellow-skinned, 
< £ai'Ou(, yellow, + XP°<^t skin, color.] Yellow- 
skinned ;" of or pertaining to the Xanthochroi. 
xanthocon, xanthocone (zan'tho-kon, -kdn), n. 
[< Gr. fai'Odf, yellow, + kovic, dust.] An arsenio 
Xanthoma (zan-tho'ni-a), n. [NL. (Baly, 1863), 
< ^avQdc:, yellow.] A genus of chrysomelid bee- 
tles, comprising 4 species, all North American. 
X. steveusi and A', villosula feed on the leaves of 
^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^^_ J the black walnut. 
sulphid of silver," of a dull-red or clove-brown Xanthopathy (zan-thop'a-thi), n. [< NL. xan- 
color, occurring in hexagonal tabular crystals, thopathiu, < Gr. ^avdoc, yellow, + Tradnc, disease.] 
but commonly in crystalline reniform masses. Same as xanthochroia. 
When reduced to powder it becomes yellow Xanthophsea (zan-tho-fe'ii), n. [NL. (Chau- 
(whenee the name). Also zanthoconitc. doir, 1848), < ^avdig, yellow, + <pai6r, dusky.] A 
xanthocreatine (zan-tho-kre'a-tiu), n. [< Gr. genus of beetles, of the family Carabulse, com- 
iavdog, yellow, + Kpeac (upear-), flesh, + -(nc2.] prising 2 species, one from Australia and the 
A basic nitrogenous substance found in muscu- other from Oceanica. 
lav tissue and occasionally in urine, occurring xanthophane (zan'tho-fan), n. [< Gr. facSof, 
Xanthorrhoea 
the pitcher-plant 
(Sarracenin). The 
larva is a semi- 
looper, and is 
beautifully band- 
ed with white and 
purple or lake- 
red. 
xanthopuc- 
cine (zan-tho- 
puk'sin), n. 
[< Gr. ^av66c, 
yellow, + jmc- 
c(oo}t)+-ine^.'] 
An alkaloid 
found in Hy- 
drastis Cana- 
densis. 
Xanthopygia 
(zan-tho-pij'- 
i-a), n. ' [NL. 
(Blyth, 1849, 
and Zanthopygia, Blyth, 1847), < Gr. ^aved^, 
yellow, + Tzvyf/, rump.] A genus of Old World 
flycatchers or Mnscicapidee, ranging from Ja- 
pan and China to the Malay peninsula and 
the Philippines. There are 4 species, of 2 of which 
the males have the rump yellow (whence the name), the 
throat and breast yellow, and the tail black. These are 
X. tricolor and X. narcissina. X. cyanomeleena is chiefly 
blue and black in the male. X. fuliginosa (see water- 
Xantkoptera stmicrotea. 
a, ege, natural size indicated at side : b, 
larva, dorsal view ; c. one of its appcndaees, 
enlarged ; d, larva, side view ; e, pupa witliin 
cocoon ; /, moth with closed wings ; e, moth 
with expanded wings. 
in the form of yellow crystalline plates. 
xanthocreatinine (zan"tho-kre-at'i-uiii), n. 
Same as xanthocreatine. 
xanthocyanopsy (zan"tho-si-an'op-si), ». [< 
Gr. iardu^, yellow, + Kvavoc, dark-blue, + 6i/«f, 
appearance.] Color-blindness in which the 
ability to distinguish yellow and blue only is 
present, vision for red being wanting. 
Xanthocycla (zan-tho-sik'la), H. [NL. (Baly, 
1875), < Gr. ^avBoQ, yellow" + kvk'ao^, a ring, 
circle.] A genus of beetles, of the family Chry 
yellow, + -(j>ai>ri(, < (paheadai, appear.] A yellow 
coloring matter derived from the retina. 
xanthophyl, xanthophyll (zan'tho-fil), n. [< 
Gr. ^avSug, yellow, -H (piMov, leaf.] In hot., the 
peculiar yellow coloring matter of autumn 
leaves, due to the decomposition of chlorophyl. 
Its chemical composition and the processes of 
its formation are not well known. See chlo- 
rophyl, chry.tophyl. Also ca.\\e(i phylloxanthin. 
xanthophylline (zan-tho-fil'in), «. [< xantho- 
phyl -h -inc^.'] Same as xanthophyl. 
somelidie, agreeing somewhat with Euphilrxa Xanthophyllite (zan-tho-fil'it), «. [Mxantho- 
- •• nctate-striate phyl + -itc'-i.} A mineral allied to the 
in sternal structure, but witli punc 
elytra, and different hind thighs. The type is X. 
cllapuisi from India. The genus is supposed to 
be sviionymous with J«y)/i»«efa (Chapuis,1875). 
xantlioderma (zan-tho-der'mii), n. [NL., < Gr. 
^avOuc, yellow, + dlp/ia, the skin.] Yellowness 
of the skin from any cause ; xanthochroia. 
Xanthodes (zan-tho'dez), n. [NL. (Guenee, 
1832), < Gr. ^avdoc, yellow, -I- cldoc, form.] A ge- 
nus of noctuid moths, of Guen^e's family Acon- 
tidie, comprising a few species inhabiting south- 
ern Eurojje, Asia, and Africa, whose metamor- 
phoses are unknown, 
tire 
micas, 
occurring in crusts or implanted globules in 
talcose schist: found in Zlatoust in the Ural. 
Waluewite is a variety in distinct tabular crystals. Xan- 
thophyllite is closely allied to seybertite (clintonite), and 
these species, with chloritoid, ottreiite, etc., constitute the XanthopygUS 
clintonite group, or the brittle micas. — 
xanthopterin (zan-tho-pik'rin), ti. [< Gr.^av- 
ftiif, yellow, -I- TTiKpoQ, bitter, -1- -/m^.] I,, chcm., 
a name given by Chevallier and Pelletan to a 
yellow coloring matter from the bark of Xan- 
afterward shown to bo 
Water-robin ( Xanthopygia futxginosa'). 
thoxyhim Caribseum, 
identical with berberine. 
ses are unknown. The fore wings are en- xanthopicrite (zan-tho-pik'rit), n. [<Gr. ^av- 
, usually rounded, and pale-yellow in color, 06(;, yellow, + mxprif, bitter, + -jte^.] Same as 
with red or violet-brown markings. xanihopicrin . 
xanthodont(zan'tho-dont),rt. [< Gr. fniOiic, yel- xanthopous (zan'tho-pus), a. [< Gr. ^av66c, 
low, -f- of!orr(6(Sovr-) = E. toott.] Havingyellow yellow, + voig (irod-) =E.foot.'] In 6o*., hav- 
teeth, as a rodent. The enamel of the front surface ing a yellow stem. 
of the incisoi-s in rodents is, as a rule, of some bright color xanthoproteic (zan-tho-pro'te-ik), a. [< xan- 
into which yellow enters, mostly orange or of a still uiorc ff,oprotc(in) -t- -ic] Related to or derived from 
reddened tint, furnishing a notable exception to the white 
teeth of most mammals, the piceous or i-eddish-black teeth 
of most shrews being another exception to the rule. 
xanthodontOUS (zan-tho-don'tus), a. [< xan- 
thoilont + -OH.S-.] Same as xanthodont. 
Xanthogen (zan'tho-jen), n. [< Gr. fai^of, yel- 
low, -I- -yt:vf/(, producing: see -nen.'] A hypo- 
thetical radical formerly supposed to exist in 
xantliic acid and its compounds. 
XanthOgramma (zan-tho-gram'a), m. [NL. 
(Schiller, 1860), < Gr. ^avfio^, yellow, -I- ypdfi/ia 
xanthi'oprotein Xanthoproteic acid, a uon-crss- 
tallizable acid substance resulting from the decomposi- 
tion of albuminoids by nitric acid. 
xanthoprotein (zan-tho-pro'te-in), «. [< Gr. 
favftif, yellow, + E. protein.'] The characteris- 
robin, under robin^, 3) is different again, aud is the type 
of two other genera (Jihyacornis and H ympheeut). X. 
narci^sina has given rise to the generic name Charidhy- 
las; aud X cyanomelsena to that of Cyanopiila, 
(zan-tho-pi'gus), n. [NL. 
(Kraatz,"1857), < Gr. f'aiflof, yellow, ■+■ mry^, 
rump.] A genus of American rove-beetles, 
comprising 1 North American species, X. cacti, 
and about 15 species from South America, char- 
acterized by having the marginal lines of the 
thorax distinct in front, the inner well defined. 
xanthorhanmine(zan-tho-ram'nin), H. [< Gr. 
fai'6of, yellow, + pa/tvoc, buckthorn (see Sham- 
nus), + -!Hc2.] A yellow coloring matter con- 
tained in the ripe Persian or Turkish berries 
and in Avignon grains. See Persian berries, 
under Persian. 
Xanthornus (zan-thor'nus), n. [NL. (P. S. 
Pallas, 1769; Scopoli, 1777; generally miscred- 
ited to Cuvier), prop. *Xanthornis, < Gr. favflof, 
yellow, + opi'tg, bird.] A large genus of Icteri- 
dse : strictly synonymous with Icterus of Brisson 
(1760). Most of the American carouges, orioles, hang- 
nests, or troopials have at some time been placed in this 
genus. Also called Pern/ i(Knt(«. See cut under (roopiVif. 
tie jrellow substance formed by the action of hot Xanthorrhiza (zan-tho-ri'za), n. [NL. (Mar- 
nitric acid on proteid matters, 
xanthoproteinic (zan-tho-pro-te-in'ik), fl. [< 
X(i»thox>rotcin + -/c] Related' to xanthopro- 
tein 
mark, letter.] A genus of dipterous insects, of xanthopsin (zan-thop sin), n. {As xanthops-y 
the family Si/rphidie, closely allied to the genus 
Syrphus, and comprising 3 European and 5 
North American species. They arc large, almost 
nake<i flies, of a metallic black color t)roken with yellow 
spots and bands. The larvee probably feed on plant- 
lice. 
Xantholestes (zan-tho-les'tez), )(. [NL. (R. 
B. Sliai^pe, 1877), < (iv.Javfti'jQ, yellow, + IriaTi/c^, 
roliVjer; see 
-t- -()(-.] Yellow pigment of the retina. 
xanthopsy (zan'thop-si), n. [< NL. xanthopsia, 
< Gr. iai-Oor, yellow, -t- b^i^, appearance.] Color- 
blindness ill which all objects seem to have a 
yellow tinge ; yellow ^sion. 
xanthopsydracia (zan-thop-si-dra'si-a), n. 
[NL., < Gr. fai^0(ic, yellow, + Tpiipai, a blister.] 
The presence of pustules on the skin. 
Jfste^l, Inormth. ^ genus of Xanthoptera(zan-thop'te-ra),«. [NL.(SodofE- 
Philippine flycatchers, inhabiting the island of 
Paiiay. A', panayensis is tlie only species, 4f 
inches long, olive-\'cllow above and bright-yel- 
low below. 
Xantholinus (zan-tho-li'nus), )(. [NL. (Ser- 
ville, 1825), < Gr. fnvftx;, yellow, -)- NL. (Shi- 
jihii)Unus.'] A genus of rove-beetles or Stuphy- 
liiiidif, of universal distribution, and compris- 
ing about 100 species, distinguished chiefly by 
the long terminal joint of the maxillary palpi. 
sky, 1S.'!7), < Gr. fai'Sdf, yellow, + Trrtpcii', wing.] 
A "genus of noctuid moths, of Guen^e's family 
A n th oph ilidie. compris- 
ing a few American 
species, distinguished 
by the presence of a 
subcellular areole on 
the fore wings. A'. Kcmi^ 
crncfa feeds in the larval 
state on the leaves of Xanthopttra ridntgsi. 
shall, 1789), < Gr. ^avdk, yellow, + piCa, root.] 
A genus of polypetalous plants, of the order 
Banuncidacese, tribe Hellebores', and subtribe 
Cimicifufiese. It is characterized by regular racemose 
flowei-s' with five or ten stamens, and five or ten carpels 
which become follicles in fruit- The only species, X. apii- 
folia, is a native of the United States, growing on shaded 
mountain banks from Pennsylvania and western New 
York to Kentucky and southward. It is a dwarf shrub 
with its stem yellowish within, bearing pinnately decom- 
pound leaves aud pendulous compound racemes of brown- 
ish-purple flowers with petaloid sepals and small gland- 
like petals. Its yellow rootstock secures it the name of 
shrub-vellou-rool (which see); this and the bark are intense- 
ly bitter, and afford a simple tonic of minor importance. 
Xanthorrhoea (zan-th6-re'a),«. [NL. (Smith, 
1798), so called from the red resin of some spe- 
cies ; < Gr. f ai^iif . yellow, + poia, a flow. < /ie<v. 
flow.] A genus of liliaceous plants of the tribe 
iMmandrCfe. It is characterized by bisexual flowers 
with distinct and partly gluniaceous perianth-segnienta, 
and a three-celled ovary with few or several ovules in 
each cell. The 11 species are all Australian ; theyprotluce 
a thick rhizome commonly grow ing up into an arlwrescent 
woody trunk, covered or terminated by long linear rigid 
crowtlcd brittle leaves. The numerous small flowers are 
densely compacted in a long cylindrical termintl spike. 
