Xanthorrhoea 
A red resin exadesfrom X. hastilis and other species, known 
as aearoiii gum, or Botany bay resin. See acaroid gum 
(iinderacaroidXWa«Jfc&o*/, and, 7 /'agf-^rf-g.— Xanthorrhoea 
resin. Sume as acaroid resin (yihich. see, under acaroid). 
xanthosis (zan-tho'sis), «. [NL., < Gr. ^ai'Ooi', 
yellow, + ~otfis.'\ In pathoL, a yellowish dis- 
coloration, especially that sometimes seen in 
cancerous tumors. 
XantllOSOma(zan-tho-s6'ma),H. [NL. (Schott, 
1832), < Gr. ^avOog^ yellow, + cib/ia, body.] A 
genus of monocotyledonous plants, of the order 
AracesBj tribe Colocasioidefe, and subtribe CoJo- 
casicse. It is characterized by coriaceous sagittate or 
pedate leaves, by two- or three-celled ovaries separate 
below but dilated and united above, forming beiries in 
fruit which are included within the spathe-tube, and by 
anatropous ovules with an inferior mioropyle, mostly at- 
tached to the partitions. There are about tw species, 
natives of tropical America. They are herl)s with a milky 
juice, producing a tuberous rootstock or thick elongated 
caudex. They l>earlonj; thick petiohite leaves; the flower- 
stalks are usually short, often numerous, and produce a 
spathe with an oblong or ovoid convolute tube whicli bears 
a boat-shaped lamina and enlarges in fruit. Hie spadix 
is shorter and included ; the fertile and densely flowered 
lower part Is separated by a constriction from the elon- 
gated male section. A', atrovireiut is known in the West 
Indies as kale, and X peregrinum (jwrhaps the same as 
the last) as iaya; for X. sagitti/olium, see taimier. 
xanthospennOUS (zan-tho-sper'mus), a. [< Gr. 
^avdoQj yellow, + airkpfia, seed.] In hot.j having 
yellow seeds ; yellow-seeded. 
XantllOtsenia (zan-tho-te'ni-ii), ;/. [NL. (West- 
wood, 1857), < Gr, ^avdog^ yellow, + raivitty a 
band: see tienia.'] A genus of beautiful butter- 
flies, of the nymphalid subfamily Morphine, 
containing only the species A', bustris, from Ma- 
lacca, where it was discovered by A. R.Wallace. 
Xanthoura, «. See Xanthura. 
xanthous (zan'thus), a. [< Gr. ^avO/x;, yellow, 
H- -o».y.] Yellow: in anthropology and ethnog- 
raphy specifying the yellow or Mongolioid type 
of mankind. 
The second great type, the Mongolian or XnnthmiM or 
"yellow," W. H. Flower, Pop. Sci. Mo., XXVIII. 316. 
xanthoxyl (zan-thok'sil), », A plant of the 
former order Xanthoxylacex (now the tribe Xan- 
thoxyieie). Lindley. 
XantllOXylaceSB (zan-thok-si-la'so-e), }i. pJ, 
[NL. (Lindley, 1835), < Xantkoxtfhim + -arrtf.] 
A former order of plants, equivalent to the pres- 
ent tribe Xanthoxylew. 
Xanthoxylese (zan-thok-sil'e-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Nees and Martins, 1823), < Xtudhoxylum + -€i£.'\ 
A tribe of polypetalous plants, of the order liu- 
tacese. It is characterized by regular flowers with free 
spreading petals and stamens, usually an atiniil.ir or pul- 
Tinate disk, from two to five carpels each with two ovules, 
and a straight or arcuate embryo commonly with flat coty- 
ledons. It includes '2.'> genura, mainly tropical, 14 of which 
are widely separated nionotyi>ic local gfuera. See Xan- 
tkoxylutu (the type) and Pentac*'ran. 
xanthoxyloin (zan-thok-sil'o-in). ». [< Xau- 
thoxylum + -i/(-.] A neutral principle extracted 
from the bark of the prickly-ash, Xanthoxylum 
America nu in, 
Xanthoxylam (zan-thok'si-lum), )i. [NL. 
(Philip Miller, 1759), altered from the Zanthoxy- 
turn of Linnieus, 1753, and of Plukenet, IGOiS, 
the name of some West Indian tree; applied 
to this from the yellow heartwood ; < Gr. fai^oc, 
yellow, + ^i?j>Vj wood.] A {^enus of plants, of 
the order Rutacea", type of tlie tribe Xanthoxy- 
l€se. It is characterized by alternate pinnate leaves, by 
polygamous flowers witlifroin three to five imbricate or in- 
duplicate petals and three to ttve stamens, and by a fruit 
of one to five somewhat globose and commonly two-valved 
carpels. There are about 110 species, widely distributed 
through tropical an<l warm regions ; nearly 5<> occur in 
Brazil, many others in the West Indies, Mexico, and Cen- 
tral America, and .*» in the United States. They are trees 
or shrubs, sometimes armed with straiKht or recurved 
prickles. The leaves are commonly odd-pinnate, rarely 
reduced to one to three leaflets ; the leaflets are entire or 
creuate, oblique, and pel lucid- dot ted. The flowers are 
small, usually white or greenish, commonly in crowded 
axillary- and terminal panicles. The fruit is usually aro- 
matic and pungent, with a glandular-dotted pericarp. The 
bark, especially that of the roots, is powerfully stimulant 
and tonic, and often used for rheumatism, to excite sali- 
vation, and a-t a cure for toothache; it contains a bitter 
principle (berberine) and a yellow coloring matter; in 
the Went Indies it is esteemed an antisyphilitic. Three 
spedes in the United States are small trees, of which X. 
eriOroguni (X. Caribxu>n)iat\ie satinwood of Florida, the 
West Indies, and the Bermudas, its wood, used in tlie man- 
ufacture of small articles, having at flrst the odor of true 
satinwood. X. Fa'jnra (X. Pterota) ia the wild lime of 
Florida and western Texas, eztendint; also through Mexico 
to Brazil and I'eru, and lias been also known as Fa'jnra 
Pterota &\\i\ FJentiarifnlia; in aoiitlieni Florida it Is one of 
the most common of small trees, often a tall slender shrub ; 
it produces a hard heavy riMldish-brown wood, known as 
taoinoTironwiiO'i in the West Indies. (See u'ildlhne, under 
lime^.) X. fmar;/inafiim(X. unvindoiden), known as lirrn- 
tree or li{tnumrorum In the West Indies, and eijKjrted 
thence under the name of msewooti, also extends to Horida, 
where It Is a shrub with coriacetMis shinlnif leaves. The 
2 other species of the United States are known as tooth- 
ache-tree and as pricklya»h (which see); of these -V. 
6999 
Americanum. is a shrub found from Massachusetts and 
Vii^nia to Minnesota and Kansas, ami X. Ctava-Herculis is 
a small tree ranging from Virginia southward, also known 
Xanthoxylum Antericanutn. 
I, branch with male flowers; 2, branch with fruits and leaves; a, 
male flower: b, female flower; <r, fruits. 
aa ]}ei>p€rwood. For A". Carib/euni^ see prickly yellow-wood, 
under yelloiv-wood. The other species of the West Indies 
are there known in general as yellov-wood and &s fustic, 
several producing a valuable wood ; m .Jamaica X. cvria- 
cea is also known as yelloiv ma^twood, and A', gpinifez as 
rain-goat (which see); in Australia X. hrachyacanthum 
is used for cabinet-work ; in Cape Colony X. Cai>€nxe is 
known as ktwfncood (which see); other woody species oc- 
cur in the Hawaiian Islands, all there known as heae. The 
fruit of many tropical species ia used as a condiment and 
also me<licinally, as A', piperitum, the Japanese pepper, 
and X. schini/idium (X. Mant^c/iwicum\ the anise-pep- 
per of China. The Chinese bitter pepper, or star-pepper, 
A*. Daniellii, is now referred to the genus Evodia. X. ni- 
tidxnn is in China a valued febrifuge, and X. alatum a su- 
dorific and anthelmintic ; the leaves of the latter are used 
as food for silkworm^ its fruit in India as a condiment, and 
its seeds as a ftsh-poison. 
Xanthura (zan-thn'ra), u. [NL. (Selater, 1862, 
after Xanthoura, Bonaparte, 1850), < Gr. ^av66^, 
yellow, + ovpa, tail.] A genus of beautiful 
American jays, liaving the tail more or less yel- 
low; the green jays, as A'. Ittxuosa, of the Kio 
(irande region ana southward. These resplendent 
birds vie with any of the blue jays in color, and are of very 
unusual hues for this group. The species named is yel- 
lowish-green, bright yellow, ^Teenish-blue, azure-blue, jet- 
black, and hoary-white in various parts ; it is not crested. 
xenelasia 
Xantusiidae (zan-tu-si'i-de), V. pi. [NL., < 
Xantufiia + -Ul^.'] An American family of 
criglossate lacertilians, typified by the genus 
Xanticsia, having the parietal bones distinct 
and the suprateniporal fossffi roofed over. 
xd. A contraction of ex div. (which see). 
xebec (ze'bek), n. [Also sometimes zehec, ze- 
beck'f shebeCj skebeclc; =. F. chebec = S\>.jabeqHe = 
Pg. ehavecoy xaveco = It. scUibecco, also zamhec- 
co ; said to be < Turk, sumbeki; cf. Pers. Ar. 
sumbiikj a 
small ves- 
sel.] A small 
three-masted 
vessel, for- 
merly much 
used by the 
Algerine cor- 
sairs, and 
now in use to 
some extent 
in Mediter- 
ranean com- 
merce. It dif. 
fers from the fe- 
lucca chiefly in 
having several square sails as well as lateen sails, while 
the latter has only lateen sails. 
Our fugitive, and eighteen other white slaves, were put 
on board a xebec, carrying eight six-pounders and sixty 
men. Sumner, Orations, I. 252. 
Xema (ze'mii), n. [NL. (Leach, 1819): a made 
word.] A genus of Laridse ; the fork-tailed 
gulls. A', sabinei is the only species. This gull is 13 or 
14 inches long. The adult is snowy-white, with extensive 
slaty-blue mantle, the outer five primaries black tipped 
with white, the head hooded in slate-color witli a jet-black 
ring, the feet black, and the bill black tipped with yellow. 
The forking of the tail is about one inch. This remarka- 
ble and beautiful mill inhabits arctic America both coast- 
wise and interiorly, and strays irregularly southward in 
Rio Grande Jay {Xttnthura iuxitosa). 
The length is 11 or 12 inches, the extent 14J to \h\. It 
nests in bushes, and lays usually three or four eggs of a 
greenish-drab color marked with shades of brown. An- 
other and still more richly colored species is tlie Peruvian 
j:iy, .V. yncax. 
xanthuna (zan-thu'ri-U), n. Same as xanthi- 
hurio. 
Xanthyris(zan'thi-ris),». [NL.(Feiaer, 1802), 
l^Toi*.** Xri nthothffris, < Gr. £ai'f)6r, yellow, + Ovpir, 
window.] A genus of bombycid moths, of the 
family Areiiidfp, CMnnprising one or more spe- 
cies from South America. 
Xantus gecko. See uirko. 
Xantusia (zan-tu'si-Jl). n. [NL. (S. F. Baird. 
1852), named after L. J. Xaufus de Vesey, who 
collected extensively in California and Mexico.] 
The typical genus of Xantumdie. 
Fork-tailed Gull [A'ctna sabifict). 
winter, though it is not often seen in the United States. 
It has been taken in the Bermudas, in I'eru, and in Eu- 
rope. The nest is made on tlie gntund ; the eg^s are three 
in numlter, measuring \\ by \\ inches, and of a brownish- 
olive color sparsely splashed with brown. The swallow- 
tailed gull (see >iwallow-tailed) has sometimes been wrong- 
ly referred to this genus. 
xenacanthine (/.en-a-kan'thin), a. and n. I. a. 
Of or relating to tlie XcnacaniUini. 
II. n. Cue of the Xcnacanihini. 
Xenacanthini (/-en-a-kan-thi'ni), n.pL [NL., 
< Gr. >^Mof;, strange, + oKarOn, spine, + -int.'] 
An order of fossil selachians. They had the noto- 
chord rarely if ever constricted, neural and hemal arches 
and spines long and slender, and pectoral tins with long 
segmcnte'l axis. The order ini'ludes many extinct tishea 
which flourished in the seas of tlie Carboniferons and Per- 
mian i>eriods, and which bav been referred to the families 
PlPAir acanthi die and Cladodonfid/e. 
Xenaltica (ze-nal'ti-kii). /^ [NL. (Baly, 1875), 
< Gr. ^ti'o^, strange, + NL. Hidtica, q. v.] A 
genus of beetles, of the fjunily Chrysomelida', 
having the four anterior tibise with a small 
spine and the hind tibia> witli a dtmble spine. 
The two known species arc from Old Calabar and Mada- 
gascar. The genus is sujiposed to be synonymous with 
Afyrcina (Ohai)uis, 187.')). 
xeharthral (ze-niir'thral), a. [< Gr. ^hoc, 
strange, + apOpoi; a joint.] Peculiarly or 
strangely jointed, as a mammal's vertebra;; 
having certain 
accessory artic- 
ulations of the 
dorsolumbar ver- 
telmv. as the 
American eden- 
tates : the oppo- 
site of iio7H(ir- 
thral. /;/7/, 1884. 
xenelasia (/>en- 
e-la'si-a), n. 
[NL., < (jlr. !;£VT]- 
/aoia, tlie expul- 
sion of strangers, 
an alien act, < 
fn-or, a stranger, 
+ i?jia/(\ < t'/ni- 
vtiv (tAu-), drive.] 
which ])rohilnted 
Sj)arta witliout permission. 
Xeiiiirthral Articulation of Twelfth and 
Thirteenth Dors.il Vt;rIel>riLM)f Great Ant- 
eater (iI/>'r»«crt>/Art^'-(r/»i(^(i/i»), side view, 
two thirds natural size. 
m, prezyj^apophysis, with n:', .iildition- 
al anterior articular f.iret : fz. poslzyga- 
I)ophysis, wilh /-i. /-j:-, additional ftos- 
Icrior arti' ul ir f.ircts ; "r. luetapophysis ; 
)i, facet for articulatinn of r.ipitclluni of 
rii); tf, thi.' same fur tuhercle of ril». 
A Spartan law or alien act 
stran^MTs from residing in 
