zenia 
xenia, ». Plural of xvnium. 
xenial (ze'ui-al), a. [< Or. ffWa, hospitality, < 
cf I'uc, louie ff/i'of, a guest, also a host, in Homei' 
a friendly stranger.] Pertaining to hospitality, 
or to the I'ights, privileges, standing, or treat- 
ment of a guest, or to the relations between a 
guest and his host; speeiiieally, noting such re- 
lations, etc.. in Greek antiquity. 
Again, it is curious to obsurve th.it tllf xeninl relation 
was not less vivacious th.all that of blood. The tie of blood 
subsists ill the second generation from the common ances- 
tor ; and Diomed and Glaucus similarly own one another 
as ^elcoi because two generations before (Eneus had en- 
tertained Bellerophon. 
Gladntoiie, Studies on Homer, II. 460. 
Xenichtliyinae (ze-nik-thi-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., 
< Xcnicht/ii/s + -/fia?.] A subfamily of Sparid/e, 
typitied by the genus XenicMhys, having the 
dorsal fin deeply emarginate, the vomer toothed, 
and all the teeth villiform in narrow bands. 
Xenichthys (ze-uik'this), n. [NL. (Gill, 1863), 
< Gr. ffi'oc, strange, -1- ("x^f, a fish.] A genus 
of sparoid fishes, typical of the Xciiichthi/inm, 
as X. californiengis. This queer fish is of a silvery 
color with 'continuous dusky stripes along the several 
rows of scales on the upper part of the body, and is found 
from San Diego southward. 
Xeuicidse (ze-nis'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,< Xcnicus + 
-idse.'\ A family of non-oseine (elamatorial or 
mesomyodian) passerine birds, typified by the 
genus Xenicus. and confined to New Zealand. 
Also called Acanthisittidie. They were fomierlysup- 
posed to be creepers, warblers, nuthatches, or wrens, and 
classed accordiuiily, but ,are now placed in the vicinity of 
the Old World ant-thruslies and related forms (Pittidas, 
etc). There is only one intrinsic syringoniyon ; the ster- 
num is single-notched on each side behind; the nasal bones 
are holorhinal, the maxillopalatines are slender, and the 
vomer is broad, with anterior emargination ; the tarsi are 
not laminiplantar ; the primaries are ten, with the first 
about as long as the second, and the rectrices are ten. 
AcaiUhUitta chloris (the citrine warbler of Latham, 1783) 
is a short-tailed creeper, quite like a nuthatch in appear- 
ance and habits ; the species of Xenicus resemble wrens. 
See Xenicus. 
Xenicus (zen'i-kus), 11. [NL. (G. E. Gray, 
1855), < Gr. ffD(A<if, of a stranger, < ffraf, a 
stranger.] The name-giving genus of Xenicidse. 
It contains two species. X. hmgipes is the long-legged 
warbler of Latham (1783), remarkably like a wren in ap- 
pearance and habits; the other species is X. (jilviventris 
of Julius Haast 
Xenisma (ze-nis'mil), n. [NL. (Jordan, 1876), 
< Gr. ^hia/la, amazement, < ^tvit^ew, surprise, 
make strange, < ^hoq, strange.] A genus of 
cyprinodonts, or a subgenus of Fundulm, whose 
dorsal fin is high and begins opposite or slightly 
behind the anal. Two species inhabit tributa- 
ries of the Lower Mississippi. See cut under 
studfish . 
xenium (ze'ni-um), H.; pi. xeniu (-ii). [NL., < 
(jrr. ^h'lov, usually in pi. ^evia, a gift to a guest 
from his host, neut. of Sintoc, of a guest, < ffvof, 
a guest, stranger.] In classical antiq., a present 
given to a guest or stranger, or to a foreign am- 
bassador. 
Xenocichla (zen-o-sik'la), n. [NL. (Hartlaub, 
1857), < Gr. ffvof,' strange, + iiix>>i, a thrush.] 
An extensive genus of Ethiojnan birds, conven- 
tionally referred to the Timcliidx, and also call- 
ed Ble'da, Pyrrhiirus, Bieopoijon, and Trkhites. 
Fifteen species are described ; they differ much from one 
another. Some have often been put in such genera as Pyc- 
lumotun, Criniger, or Trichophorun, and all are called by 
the name fndbid, in common with otlier birds more or less 
nearly related. X. icieria is the yellow-browed bulbul ; 
X. ftamcoUis, the yellow-throated ; X. tephrolsema, the 
ashy-throated ; A', nmplex, Marche's ; X. Jiavistriata, Bar- 
l-att's ; X. seriim, the red-billed ; X. ayndactyla (the type 
of the genus, from Senegambia to Gaboon), tlie chestnut- 
tailed ; X. scandeitfi, the pale ; X. albigularia, Ussher's ; 
X. indicator, the honey-guide ; X. teucoplenra, the wiiite- 
bellied ; X. notata, the yellow-marked ; X. canicapilla, the 
gray-headed. 
Xenocratean (zf-nok-ra-te'an), a. [< Xenocra- 
tes (see def.).] ' Pertaining to the doctrine of 
Xenocrates, a Greek philosopher, who was the 
head of the Academy, the second after Plato. 
He is known to have been a voluminous and methodical 
writer, adhering pretty closely to his master's teachings, 
but incliuetl to the doctrines of the Pythagoreans. He 
held that the ideas were munliere, and that all iiumbera 
were produced from 1 and 2. 
Xenocratic (zen-o-krat'ik), a. Same as Xenoc- 
rateaii. 
Xenocrepis (zen-o-kre'pis), 71. [NL. (Forster, 
1856), < Gr. ftfof, strange, + Kprj-rrir, a half -boot.] 
A genus of hyraenopterous parasites, of the 
ehalcid subfamily I'teromalhiie, having thir- 
teen-jointed antenna; with two ring-joints, the 
stigmal club small, and the marginal vein thick- 
ened. The species are European. 
Xenodacnis(zen-o-dak'nis), «. [NL. (Cabanis. 
1873), < Gr. i':vor, strange, + NL. Dacnis, (j. v.] 
A genus of guitguits or Cverchidte. The type is X. 
panna of Pern, 4^rinches long, the male of a nearly uni- 
7000 
form dull purplish-blue, the wings and tall blackish edged 
with blue. The form is peculiar among the guitguits, the 
bill having a parine shape, though no nasal bristles. 
xenoderm (zen'6-derm), «. [< NL. Xeuodi-rma.'] 
A wart -snake of the subfamily Xcnodermathise. 
Xenoderma (zen-o-der'ma), II. [NL. (Bein- 
hardt), < Gr. iivoc, strange, + dtp/ja, skin.] 
The typical genus of Xenodernuitinee, with gran- 
ular scales, simple urosteges, and no frontal 
nor parietal plates. The genus has also been 
placed in Xothopsidse. Also Xenoderm us. 
Xenodermatinse (zen-o-der-ma-ti'ne), n. ]il. 
[NL., < Xenoderma(t-) + -/««.] A subfamily 
of Acrochordidie or wart-snakes, represented by 
the genus Xenoderma. Also Xenodermina. 
xenodermine (zen-o-der'min), a. [< Xenoder- 
ma + -i/ifi.] Of or pertaining to the Xenoder- 
matiiise. 
Xenodernius(zen-o-der'mus), ?(. [NL.] Same 
as Xenoderma. 
xenodocheuin, xenodochium (zen"o-dQ-ke'um, 
-ki'um), ». ; pi. xenodochea, xenodochia (-a). 
[LL. xenodochium, < Gr. ^svodoxt'ov, a place for 
strangers to lodge in, a hotel, < ftwf , a stranger, 
-I- linxelov, a receptacle, < cSj-jj-tcrfe/, receive.] 1. 
In classical antiq., a building for the reception of 
strangers. — 2. In modern Greek lands, a hotel ; 
an inn ; also, a guest-house in a monastery. 
xenodochy (ze-nod'o-ki), n. [< Gr. fcwrioi/n, 
the entertainment of a stranger, < iivoc, a stran- 
ger, -I- finxri, a receiving, < dixecOai, receive.] 1. 
Reception of strangers ; hospitality. — 2. Same 
as xenodochemn. 
xenogamy (ze-nog'a-mi), n. [< Gr. ^ho(, 
strange, -I- yrifioq, marriage.] In hot., cross-fer- 
tilization — that is, the impregnation or fecun- 
dation of the ovules of a flower with pollen from 
another flower of the same species, either on 
the same or (usually) on a different plant. 
xenogenesis (zen-o-jen'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
iivur, stranger, -I- jtiica/f, birth.] The genera- 
tion of off spiing which pass througli an entirely 
different life-cycle from that of the parents, and 
never e.\hibit the characters of the latter: a 
mode of biogenesis supposed by Milne-Edwards 
to occur, but not proved to have any existence 
in fact. 
The term Heterogenesis . . . has unfortunately been 
used in a different sense [than that of the otfspring being 
altogether and permanently unlike the parent], and M. 
Milne-Edwards has therefore substituted for it Xenogen- 
esis, which means the generation of something foreign. 
Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 353. 
xenogenetic (zen"o-je-net'ik), a. [< xenogene- 
sis (-ct-) + -/«.] Of the nature of or pertain- 
ing to xenogenesis. 
I have dwelt upon the analogy of pathological modill- 
cation, which is in favour of the xenogetietie origin of mi- 
crozyiiies. Huxley, Lay Sermons (ed. 1871), p. 37(1. 
xenogenic (zeu-o-jen'ik), «. [< xcnogen-y + 
-/(•.] Same as xenogenetic. 
xenogeny (zf-noj'e-ni), n. [< Gr. ffi'of, strange, 
-f --jEvna, < -jfw/f, -born.] ^a.Taea.s xenogenesis. 
xenolite (zen'o-lit), «. A silicate of aluminium, 
related to fibrolite, found at Petershoff, Fin- 
land. 
xenomenia (zen-6-me'ni-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ftraf, strange, -1- fjtiviaia, menses.] A loss of 
blood occurring at the time of the menstrual 
flow elsewhere than from the uterus, and tak- 
ing the place of the regular flow; vicarious 
menstruation. Compare stigma'^, 4. 
Xenomi (ze-no'mi), )(. pi. [NL., < Gr. fft'of, 
strange, +' M//of, shoulder.] A suborder of 
fishes, resembling the Haplomi, but distin- 
guished by peculiarities of the pectoral arch 
(whence the name). It consists of the family 
Dalliidee alone. See cut under Dallia. 
xenomorphic (zen-o-m6r'fik), a. [< Gr. fti'oc, 
strange, -t- fjopipf/, form.] In lithnl., noting the 
mineral constituents of a rock when they are 
bounded by planes not formed as the result of 
their own molecular structure, but the result of 
their contact with other minerals also forming 
constituents of the same rock, which having 
crystallized first have impressed their form on 
those adjacent to them : the counterpart of 
idiomorphic. Also called alloiriomorphic. 
xenomoUS (ze-no'mus), a. [< NL. Xenomi.'] 
Peculiar in the structure of the pectorals, as 
the Alaskan blaekfish ; of or pertaining to the 
Xenomi. 
Xenopeltidae (zen-o-pel'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Xeno/icltis + -idcC.'] A family of colubriform 
Opiiidia. represented by the genus Xenopeltis. 
They have no supraorbitaror postorbital bone, have a 
coronoid bone, prcmaxillary teeth, and giistrosteges, and 
have no rudiments of hind limbs. 
Xenopicus 
Xenopeltis (zen-o-pel'tis), n. [NL. (Keinwardt, 
1827), < Gr. ffroV, strange, + ir&r^, a shield.] 
The typical genus of Xeiiopeltidse, having the 
lower jaw produced, the teeth very fine, and no 
anal spurs. A', unicolor, formerly Tortriz xenopeltis, 
is a singular snake of nocturnal and carnivorous habits, 
found in Malaysia and some other regions. 
Xenophanean (ze-nof-a-ne'an), a. [< Xenoph- 
anes (see def.).] Pertaining to the doctrines 
of Xenophanes of Colophon, the founder of the 
Eleatic school of philosophy. He seems to have 
been the first of the Greeks to propound a monotbetstic 
doctrine, probably of a pantheistic character ; but he did 
not go to the length of denying the reality of the mani- 
fold, as Parmenides and his followers did. 
Xenophora (ze-nof'o-ra), H. [NL. (Fischer 
von Waldheim, 1807), &\soXenophorus (Philippi, 
1847), < Gr. ffoof, strange. + -^opof, < ^ipeiv = E. 
bear^.'] The typical genus of Xenophoridse, so 
Xenopkora pallidula, lower view, leduced. 
called from their carrying foreign objects at- 
tached to the shell. Formerly also called PAo- 
n» (a name too near the prior I'hora in ento- 
mology). See also cut under carrier-shell. 
Xenophoridae (zen-o-for'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Xenophora + -idee.'] ' A family of ta^nioglossate 
gastropods, typified by the genus Xenophora : 
formerly called Phoridsc (a name preoccupied 
in entomology). They are known as carrier- 
shells, conchologists, and mineralogists. See cuts 
under carrier-shell and Xenophora. 
Xenophoroid (ze-nof'o-roid), a. and n. I. a. 
Of or relating to the Xenophoridse. 
II. H. Any member of this family. 
xenopMhalmia (zen-of-thal'mi-a), M. [NL., < 
Gr. ffvof, strange, + btpdayuia, ophthalmia.] 
Conjunctivitis excited by the presence of a 
foreign body. 
Xenopicus (zen-o-pi'kus), H. [NL. (S. F. Baird, 
1858), < Gr. ifiof, strange, + L. jricus, a wood- 
pecker.] An isolated genus of North Ameri- 
can woodpeckers, based on the Picus albolarra- 
tns of Cassin, and characterized by the structure 
White-headed Woodpecker {.\'ent>picus albaltirz'.itm''. 
of the tongue and hyoid bone, in which is seen an 
approach to that of Sphyropicus. The body is black, 
without spots or stripes; the head is white, with a scarlet 
nuchal cresient in the male ; the wings are blotched with 
white : the length is about 9 inches, the extent 16. This 
remarkable woodpecker inhabits the mountains of Call- 
