Xenopicns 
fornia, Oregon, and Washington, wliere it is common in 
pine wooils. 
Zenopodidae (zen-o-pod'i-de), «. pJ. [NX.., < 
Xenopus {-pod-) + -w/«.] A family of African 
aglossal or tongueless toads, typified by the 
genxLS Xejiopus : same as Dticti/lethridse. They 
are related to the American Pipidae, but have upper teeth 
and some long tentacular processes on the head. 
Xenops (ze'nops), n. [NL. (Illiger, 1811), < Gr. 
ffvof, strange, 4- utp, face, appearance.] A 
genus of Dendrocolaptidx, or South American 
tree-creepers, eliaracterized by the short, com- 
.\tnops i^rntb:Trbii. 
pressed, and upturned l>ill, and ranging from 
Mexico to southern Brazil. There are 2 distinct 
species. X. ffenibarbis has the baclt olivaceous and the 
belly streaked ; in X. mtilang tlie back is rufous and the 
belly is not streaked. They are very small birds, 4 or 5 
inches long, lioth with a white cheek-stripe. 
XenopterU8(ze-nop'te-nis), «. [NL., < Gr. ff- 
vof, strange, + Trrepdv, wing, fin.] A genus of 
plectognath fishes, of the family TetrodontUUe, 
7001 
containing the single species X. brendeli, from 
Illinois, remarkable in that tlie male antennaj 
are flabellate, a unique structure in the family 
Biqyrcstidse. 
Xeilorh3nichus (zea-o-ring'kus), n. [NL. 
(Bonaparte, 1855), < Gr. ff rai,-, strange, + pvyxoi', 
beak.] A genus of storks or Ciconiinx, rep- 
resenting the Indian and Australian type of 
jabirus. X australis is the black-necked stork 
(which see, under stork). 
Xenos (ze'nos), «. [NL. (Rossi, 1792), < Gr. ff- 
raf. strange.] A genus of parasitic coleopters, 
of the family Stijiojiidee, having four-jointed an- 
tenniB and four-jointed tarsi. Thespecies arefound 
in middle and soutliem Europe and in North and Soutli 
America. They are among the most remarkable of insects, 
and tlie genus is historically notable as containing the 
earliest known strepsipters. Also, and preferably, Xeints. 
Xenosauridae (zen-o-sa'ri-de). II. III. [NL., 
< Xcnosunriis + -idie.'i A family of American 
eriglossate lacertiliaiis, related to the lyuanids; 
based on the genus Xeno.wuriis. 
Xenosaurus (zen-o-sa'ms), H. [NL. (Peters, 
1861), < Gr. ff'i'Of, strange, + cavpo^, a lizard.] 
The tj-pieal genus of Xi'iio.iauridse, based on 
A', ijraiidw, a Mexican lizard about 10 inches 
long, 
zenotime (zen'o-tim), M. [< Gr. ^tvori/inc, favor- 
ing strangers, ^ ^imij, strange, + tiut/, honor.] 
A native phosi)hate of yttrium, having a yellow- 
ish-brown color, and crystallizing in squares, 
octahedrons, and prisms. It resembles zircon 
in form, but is inferior in hardness. 
Xenotis (ze-n6'tis), H. [NL. (.Jordan, 1877), 
also Xeiiotea, < Gr. ftKOf, straiige, + ohi; ("t-), 
ear.] A genus of centrarchoid fishes, very near 
Lepomis, in which it is sometimes merged, 
but having very short, weak, and flexible gill- 
rakers, and no palatine teeth. .Species are .r. »i«- 
galotig. X. marf/iaatiis, and .V. bombi/roii», of tlie I'nited 
.states, the first-named known as the long-eared suii/igh. 
Ttiis is 6 inches long, hi^lily colored, and abounds in niany 
parts of the Vniteil States. 
zenuiine (ze-nu'rin), II. and a. [< Xenunm -t- 
-<»k1.] I. n. An armadillo of the genus A'fH«- 
ril.'< ; a kabassou. In these turma ot Dagypodul/e the 
buckler is more zoniferous than in the true dsisypodiues, 
and the tail is nearly naked ; the feet are also somewhat 
peculiar in the proportions of tlie metacarpals and pha- 
langes. 
IT. II. Of or pertaining to the genus A'cH»r««. 
Xenurus (ze-nu'rus), II. [NL., < Gr. fevof, 
strange, + oipd, tail.] If. In oniith., same as 
Alfttriirus. Boic, 18'26. — 2. In jnommrt?., a ge- 
nus of armadillos, named by Wagler in 1830 ; 
the xenurines or kabassous. There are 2 species, 
.Vtnof'tfrus ni 
characterized by tlie inftindibulifonn nostrils 
and the peculiarity of the dermal ossifications. 
They inhabit the Indian archipelago. A', nari- 
fiis is a typical example. 
zenopterj^gian (ze-nop-te-rij'i-an), a. and n. 
I. a. Having the characters of or pertaining to 
the XenopUri/gii. 
II. II. A fish of this suborder. 
Xenopterygii (ze-nop-te-rij'i-i), II. pi. [< Gr. 
f'lof, strange, +' Trripv^, wing (fin).] A sub- 
order of teleocephalous fishes, represented by 
the family Gobienocidx, and characterized by 
the development of a complicated suctorial or- 
fan in the pectoral ri'gion. llie lenopterygians 
ad usually been placed with tlie Innip-fishes and snail- 
flshes, in conse<iiicuce of their common possession of a 
■acking-ilisk. which, h-iwcver. is foi-meil differently in the 
present snlwrder. i)eing chiefly developed from the skin 
of the iirea-tt, in connection with the ventral fins. Tiicy 
are mostly fishes of otdong or lengthened coniform shape, 
with scaicless skin and spineless tins, one posterior dorsal 
fln, more or less nearly ojipo-tite the anal, and the sucker 
either entire or dividc'l. They are small fishes, most com- 
mon iu tropical and wann temperate seas iietween tide- 
marks, adherent to rocks. There are 10 genera and 2.5 or 
3^> species, .as Gobieiiaz reticulatng, alniiidant in tide-iKxds 
on the Facilic coast of tlie I'liited States. 
Xenopus (zen'o-pus), n. [NL. (Wagler, about 
1830), < Gr. iimi;, strange, -I- ~iiir (-o'^-) = E. 
foot.'\ The typical genus of A'<H'(/)orf(V/a'. There 
are several species, all of tropical Africa, as 
.Y. lipris. They are called dmred toiiih. 
Xenorhina (zen-o-ri'na), «. [NL. (Peters, 
18G3), < Gr. f'l'of, strange, + /"V i.'piv-), nose, 
snout.] A genus of batrachians, peculiar to 
New Guinea, typical of tlie family Xriiorliinidie. 
The species is .V. ori/n pliolii. 
Xenorninidae (zen-o-rin'i-de), «. pi. [NL.. < 
Xciiorliiiia + -idie.~\ A family of Papuan ba- 
trachians, represented by the genus Xeiiorliiiiii. 
Xenorhipis (zcn-o-ri'iiis), «. [NL. (Le (,'onte, 
18f)0), < (Jr. f>'i'"r, strange. -(- /k-/c, also pi'i/'i 
wickerwork.] A genus of bujirestid beetles, 
X. unirinrtti>t and -V. hUpiihm, which inhabit tropical 
America, and burrow with great ease underground. 
Xenus (ze'nus), H. [NL. : see A'(!«(«.] 1. In 
I'litiiiii., .same as .\ciio,s. — 2. In oniilh., same as 
Tirckiii (whore see cut). ./. ./. Kaup, 1829. 
XeocephUS (ze-os'e-fus), II. [NIj. (Bonaparte, 
1854), and Xi'occpholu.i (G. K.Gray, 1869), and 
Zeocciihiis (K. B. Sliarpe, 1879); formation un- 
certain.] A genus of Mii.<iciciijiiilfe, confined to 
the Philippines. ,V. rufm (jf Luzon is 7 inches long, 
and mostly of a cinnamon color. -V. cinnavunnexm of 
liasilun is similar, with a white iiclly. X. qianencens is 
niostiy of a grayish col(alt-l)lne, 8J inches long, and found 
in Palawan. 
Zerafln (zer'a-fin), «. [Also xcraphiiK , xera- 
phccii, :cr(iphiii, also, as Pg., xcrnfiiii: < Pg. xerii- 
fiiii, xfirafim. < Ar. axlirnfl (cf. .ihari'ifi, noble), 
applied ])rop. to the gold dinar, but also to the 
gold molinr; < .-iharif, noble: see shrrif.'\ An 
Indo-Portugucse silver coin formerly current 
in (ioa. Aliout 1835 it was worth 75 United 
States cents. 
zeransis (ze-ran'sis), II. [NL., < (jr. ii;pavair, 
a drying up, parching, < ^i/pniveiv, dry up: see 
xcra><io.\ In /K(//io/., siccation; a drying up. 
Xeranthemum (ze -ran 'the-nium), II. [NL. 
(Tourriel'drt. 170(t). so called from the scarioiis 
involucre ; < Gr. ii/poc;, dry, + arft/;«r, flower.] A 
genus of composite plants, of the tribe Ci/iiaroi- 
deee and subtribe Ciirliiiefe. It is eliaracterized liy 
zerosis 
long-stalked solitary flower-heads with tlie outer flowers 
small, two-lipped, and neutral, the inner ones liiscxnal and 
slightly flve-cleft, and by free filaments and chaffy aris- 
tate pappus. Tllere are 4 or 5 species, natives of the 
Mediterranean region. They are hoary erect branching 
annuals, without spines, liearing alternate leaves which 
are narrow and entire, 'i'he scarious inner bracts of the 
showy flower-heads are rose-colored or whitish ; from their 
permanence, X. annuum, tlie most frequently cultivated 
species, is known as annual everlasting or immortelle. 
zerantic (ze-ran'tik), a. [< Gr. ^t/pav-iKiic, < f;/- 
palven; dry up : see xcra.ski.'\ Having drying 
properties ; exsiccant. 
zerasia (ze-ra'si-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. ii/paaia, a 
drying, a disease of the hair so called, < ^i/pal- 
viif, dry, < ^)/p6i-, dry.] A disease of the hair, 
characterized by excessive dryness and cessa- 
tion of growth. 
Xerobates (ze-rob'a-tez), ». [NL. (Agassiz), 
< Gr. f?//Dof, dry, + liart/i, one that treads, < 
jiaiveiv, go.] A genus of tortoises, so called 
from inhabiting the dry pine-barrens of tlie 
southern United States: now often merged in 
Te.itiido. X. or T. ctiroliiio is the common 
gopher. See gopher, 3. 
zerocoUyrium (ze"ro-ko-lir'i-um), )(. [LL., < 
(ir. ^iipoKo/.'/.oipiov, a dry or thick eye-salve, 
< ii/p6(, dry, + Ko'A'Aolpion, eye-salve : see col- 
lyriiim.'] A dry collyriura or eye-salve. 
zeroderma (ze-ro-der'mji), II. [NL., < Gr. fv- 
poc, dry, -I- dippa, skin.] A mild form of ichthyo- 
sis, in which the skin is dry and harsh in con- 
sequence of diminished activity of the sudorific 
and sebaceous glands. Also called dcniiatiuT- 
rania and dnjtikin — Xeroderma pigmentosum, a 
disease of the skin, beginning usually in childhood, char- 
acterized by areas of capillary dilatation and pigment de- 
posit, followed by localized atrophy of the skin alternating 
with small patches of hypertrophied epithelium. 
zerodermia (ze-ro-d6r'mi-a), ». [NL.] Same 
as xeroderma. 
zerodes (ze-ro'dez), n. [NL., < Gr. i)/p<ofi?/i: 
dryish, dry-looking, < ^'/po(, dry, + thhc, form.] 
Any tumor attended with dryness. 
zeronia(ze-r6'inii),)(. [< Gv. i'l/pui, dry, -{- -oum.} 
Same as xtrophilialmin. 
Zeromyrum (ze-rom'i-mm), w. [NL., < Gr. f;/- 
po/ivpnv, a (Iry perfume, < f '/pof, dry, + pvpov, per- 
fume, ointment.] A dry ointment. 
zerophagy (ze-rof'a-ji), ». [< IAj. xcrophagia, < 
Gr. ^i/pcKjxi} in, the eating of dry food, abstinence, 
< j'wxif, dry, + ijiayeiv, eat.] The habit of living 
on dry food, especially a form of abstinence, as 
in the early church, in which only bread, herbs, 
salt, and water were con.sumed. 
zeropMl (ze'ro-fil), II. [< Gr. irip6c, dry, -I- 
0i/tiv, love.] In hot., a plant of Alplionse de 
(JandoUe's second "physiological group '' in his 
natural system of geograpliical distribution. 
The planta of this group, like tliose of the flrst group, the 
megatherms, require a hot climate, but, unlike the latter, 
are adapted to one of great dryness only. They are chiefly 
found between latitudes 20° and 3I>° soutli and north of the 
equator, and embrace among the most characteristic 
families the Zygophyllaceiv , Cactacese, Artm-ar2>efe. Pro. 
teacefe, and Ciicadarese. Compare megatherm, mesotherm, 
microtlierm, and liekixtotherm. 
zerophilous (ze-rof 'i-lus), II. [NL., < Gr. i>//iof, 
dry, -I- ipi'Aeh; love.] Loving dryness : in botany 
noting plants which are in various ways pecu- 
liarly adapted to dry, especially to hot and dry 
climates, as by possessing coriaceous leaves, 
succulent stems, etc.; specifically, belonging 
to the group of .xerojiliils. Sec xeropliil. 
zerophthalmia (ze-rof-tharmi-ii), «. [NL., < 
LL. xrroplttluilinia, < Gr. ii/poif'lla'/pia, dryness of 
the eyes, < f'/pof, dry, -I- ixfOa'A/iu^, eye.] A dry 
form of conjunctivitis, resulting in a thicken- 
ing and skin-like condition of the conjunctiva. 
Also xeroma, and .cccw.s/.v of the eoiijiiiietira. 
Xerophyllum (ze-ro-fil'um). «. [NL. (Kichard, 
1803), so called from the harsh dry leaves; < (ir. 
^r/piic, dry, -(- ipi'/./jiv, lent'.] 1. A genus of lilia- 
ceous plants, of the tribe X'arthicieir. It is charac- 
terized by crowded linear radical leaves, flowers with three 
styles, and a loculicidal capsule. The :i species are natives 
of the I'liited States, and are known as tiirkeylmird. They 
are perennials, with a short thick woody rhizome, tall 
erect unbranched stem, and a gi-eat number of harsh rigid 
elongated leaves, usually forming a conspicuous basal 
tuft, and also numerous along the stem, but mmli snialU-r 
and thinner, finally diminished into bristles. The flowers 
are white and very showy, forming a long terminal raceme 
which is .at first densely pyramidal or oblong and becomes 
afterward greatly elongated. .V. nett.foHinn. the ejistern 
species, is a native of pine-barrens from New Jersey to 
Georgia; the western, .V. Douglanii, witli a snialler ra- 
ceme, occurs from the t'olnnibia river to Mniitana; the 
raceme of X. tenax, of California, is fragrant and dense, 
becoming over a foot in length. 
2. [I. r.] A plant of this genns. 
zerosis (ze-r6'sis), «. [NL., < Gr. ^i/paniq, a dry- 
ing up, < trip/ii;. di'v : sc(^ xerii.iia.'] Same as xe- 
roiisix. — Xerosla of the conjunctiva. Same as xe- 
rophthalmia. 
