Zamites 
to the eyoads, and considered to be more or 
less closely allied to tlie living Zamiese. The 
genus Zamites first appears in the Trias, but is espe- 
cially well developed in the Jurassic ; it continued 
through the Cretaceous, and finally disappeared in the 
Miocene. There have been about 30 species described. 
The cycadaceous flora played an important part in the 
vegetation of Greenland and Spitzbergen during the Juras- 
sic epocli, giving an almost tropical aspect to the forests 
of that region and epoch. Various other genera of cycads 
allied to Zamiteft have been established, chiefly, if not en- 
tirely, based on the forms of the leaves and their seg- 
ments. Among these are Glomozamites, a genus with long 
elliptical leaves, found in the Lower Cretaceous ; and Otn- 
zamites, with small elliptic-lanceolate leaves, divided into 
several groups in accoitlance with the very varying form 
of the segments of the leaf. The latter genus runs through 
the whole of the Jurassic, as far as the lower division of the 
Upper or White Jura, when it gives way to the genus Za- 
miteg. It has not been obsei-ved in the Jurassic rocks of 
the arctic regions. PtUuphyilum, Ctenophyllum, Pterophyl- 
lunt; PtUozamiteg, PUrozamites^ Anomozamiteg, and Sphe- 
nozamileg are other genera of cycads more or less allied to 
Zamileg and to one another. 
zamouse (za-mos'), «• [W. African.] A West 
African buffalo, or bush-ox, found in Sierra 
Leone, Bo.s brachijccros, the short-horned btif- 
falo, having the ears fringed with hair, short 
horns depressed at base, and no dewlap. 
zampogna (t.sam-p6'nya), H. [It.] 1. Same as 
hatjpijw. — 2. Same as shainii. 
zanana (za-nii'na), M. Same as zenana. 
Zanclodon (zang'klo-don), n. [NL. (Plein). < 
Gr. ^'oj/i/or, sickle, + oMx (wSorr-) = E. tooth.] 
A genus of dinosaurs, typical of the family 
Zanclodontidse, having both fore and hind feet 
five-toed, no ascending astragalar process, 
broad and long pubes, and biconcave vertebrte. 
Zanclodontidae (zang-klo-don'ti-de), «. pi. 
[NL., < Z(infto(t<)ii(t-) -t- -idie.l A family of car- 
nivorous theropod dinosaurs, typified by the ge- 
nus Zanclodon, from the Trias of Europe. 
Zanclognatha (zang-klog'na-thii), n. [NL. 
(Lederer, 18.57), < Gr. fujK/.or, sickle, + yvador, 
jaw.] A genus of small noctuid moths re- 
sembling pyralids. Ten European and several -North 
American species are known. Z. minimlig feeds in the 
larval state on the dead leaves of oak and maple in th<' 
United States. 
Zanclostomns (zang-klos'to-mus), n. [NL. 
(Swainson, 1837), < Gr. CayK/Mv, sickle, -I- aro/ja, 
mouth.] A genus of cuckoos, the type of which 
18 Z. javanicHK of Java, and to which were 
formerly referred some related African forms. 
The species named has exposed nostrils, bare orbits, no 
crest, white-tipped tail-feathers, and the mantle, wings. 
and tail glossetl with bluisli-green; the under parts are 
gray, bulf, and chestnut brown ; the orbits are bright- 
blae, the eyes t>lackisb, and the beak coral-red. The 
length is 18 inches, of which the tail makes more than 
half. This handsome cuckoo ranges from Tenasserini 
down the Malay peninsula, and also occurs in Sumatra, 
Borneo, and Java. 
Zanclus (zang'klus), n. [NL. (Cuvierand Val- 
enciennes, 1831), < Gr. Cn}K/.ov, sickle.] A 
fenus of carangoid 
shes based on a Pa- 
cific species, Z. rornu- 
iuK, a small fish of 
striking form and 
color. 
zander (zan'dfr), w. 
[G.] The European 
pike-perch, Stizontc- 
dion lucinpenn (for- 
merly LHcioprrca San- 
dra). It inhabits fresh 
waters of central Eu- 
rope. Also.wH</prand 
znnt. 
Zaild-mole(zaDd'mol). 
H. [< 1). :andmiil; < 
Zand, sand, + tnol, mole.] 
See cuts under liuthijcriiHn and (icorijchiis. 
Zanella (za-nel'ii), n. A twilled fabric use<I for 
covering umbrellas. Drajirrx' Dirt. 
Zannichellia (zan-i-kel'i-H,), ». [NL. (Micheli, 
1729), named after ZannicJieUi (1002-1729). au- 
thor of a Hora of Venice.] A irenus of plants, 
of the order yaiadaccse, type of the tribe Zaii- 
nichelHeie. It is characterized by the absence of a peri- 
anth, by a single stamen, with slender fliainent. and slight- 
ly curved carpels. The only species (by some considered 
as forming u species), Z. pfititgtrijt, is a native of brackish 
flitches and salt water throughout the world It is a sui)- 
merged slender aquatic with a Illiform creeping stem, the 
capillary branches beconting twisted into matted floating 
masses. The leaves are cbietlv opposite, linear or liliforni : 
the flowers are minute, at first terminal, but })econung 
axillary, i^ee fioriiftl pnulweed, aiulci ptrndictrrd. 
Zannichelliese rzan'i-ke-H'e-e), n. pi. [;nl. 
(Bciitham anil Hooker. 1883), < ZtiiinicheUid + 
-f«.] A tribe of rnonocotyledonous jilants, of 
the order Saiiidiirtse. it is charaiterizeil liy axillary 
unisexual flowers, the male with a single stamen and glo 
bose pollen, the female with its two to nine carpels each 
Zunclrtt rarfiu/us. 
Same as ntind-molc. 
7029 
containing a single pendulous orthotropous ovule. It in- 
cludes 3 genera, of which ZanniclteUia is the type ; the 
others, salt-water plants with a perianth of three hyaline 
segments, occur in the Mediterranean region (Althenia) 
and in Austi-alia (LepUsena). All are slender submerged 
atjuatics growing from a filiform nodose creeping root- 
stock, and producing thread-like leaves and minute flowers. 
Zanonia (zii-no'ni-a), n. [NL. (Linureus, 1737), 
by transfer from an endogen so named by 
Plumier (1703) from Giacomo Zanoni (1015-82), 
author of a flora of Bologna, and director there 
of the botanic garden.] A genus of plants, of 
the order Cueiirlntacese. type of the tribo Zuno- 
niess. It is characterized by entire leaves, and flowers 
with three calyx-lobes, live stamens, and three two-cleft 
styles. The 2 species are natives of India and the Malayan 
archipelago. They are shrubby climbers with petioled 
ovate or oblong entire leaves and unbranched tendrils. 
The small flowers are borne in loose pendulous panicles. 
Tlie fruit is cylindrical, club-shaped, or hemispherical, 
with a broadly three-valved apex, and containing large 
pendulous broadly winged seeds; that of Z. Indica is 
known as baiidoieer-fndt (which see). 
Zanoniese (zan-o-ni'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (Blume, 
1825), < Zanunia + -c«.] A tribe of polypeta- 
lous plants, of the order Cucurbitacese. it is char- 
acterized by flowers with five stamens, free filaments, ob- 
long one-celled anthers opening by a longitudinal slit, 
ami an ovary with three thick placenta; on which the 
ovules are irregularly inserted. It includes 17 species, of 
3 genera, of which Zanonia is the type; the others are 
also tropical climbing shrul)8 — one, Gerrardanthug, occur- 
ring in Africa, the other, Algomiira, including most of the 
species, extending through Asia, America, and Australia. 
Zanora palm. See palnfi. 
zant (zant), n. Same as zander. 
Zante (zan'te), n. A contraction of Zante-wood. 
Zantedeschia (zan-te-des'ki-il), ». [NL. 
(Sprengel, 1826), named from Francesco Zantc- 
dfsclii, who wrote on the plants of Brescia and 
Ber;|amo in 1824.] A plant genus now known 
by the earlier name Uichardia (which see). 
Zante fustic. Same as young fustic (which 
see, under /«A<i("). See also cut under smokc- 
trcc. 
Zante-wood (zan'te-wiid). H. 1. Hume as Z<i )i tr 
fustic. — 2. Same as siitiun-ond.Chloriinjlon Swie- 
tcii ia. 
zanthin, »■ An erroneous form of xantliin. 
zantho-. For words so beginning, see xantho-. 
Zantiote (zan'ti-6t), n. [< Zante (see def.) -l- 
-otc.'\ A native of Zante (ancient Zaeyntlius), 
one of the Ionian Islands. 
zany(za'ni), H.; pl..:«Hif,s(-uiz). [< F. -«)i(,<It. 
zanni, zanc, a zany or clown ; abbr. of (liovanni, 
John: see John, and cf. E. •Jack in similar use.] 
1. Acomic performer, originatingon the Italian 
stage, wliosc function it is to make awkward 
attempts at mimicking the tricks of the profes- 
sional clown, or tlie acts of other performers; 
hence, an apish buffoon in general ; a merry-an- 
drew; an ainu.sing fool. 
He's like a zani/ to a tumbler, 
That tries tricks after him to make men laugh. 
li. Jungon, Every Man out of his Humour, iv. 1. 
lie teach thee; thou shalt like my Zany be, 
And feigne to do my cunning after me. 
Ilei/icood, Four Prentises of London (Works, ed. 1874, II. 
[203). 
The English apes and very zanieg be 
Of everything that they do hear and see. 
Drayton, To Henry Reynolds. 
Preacher at once, and zany of thy age I 
Pope, Duiiciad, iii. 206. 
He((lranve]le]had lieen wont, in the days of his greatest 
insolence, to speak of the most eminent nobles as zanieg, 
lunatics, and buffoons. Motley, Dutch Republic, I. 402. 
2t. -\n attendant. 
l.ady, Imperia the courtesan's zany hath brought you 
this letter from the pitor gentleman in the deep dungeon, 
but would not stay till he had an answer. 
Middteton, Blurt. Master-Constable, iii. 1. 
= Syn. L Clown, Fool, Dvffxtn, Mimic, Zany. *' The zany 
in Shakespere's day was not so much a bufoon and mimic 
as the <d)se<iuious follower of a buffoon and the attenu- 
ated mime of a mimic. He was the vice, servant, or at- 
tendant of the professional ctou-n or fool, who, dressed 
like his master, accompanied hint on the stage or in the 
ring, following his movements, imitating his tricks, and 
adding to the general merriment by his ludici-ous failures 
and comic iml)ecility. . . . The professional clown or 
.fo<jl might be clever and accomplislted in his business, a 
skilful fuTnl>ler and mountebank, doing what he under- 
took to do thoroughly and well. Rut this was never the 
case with the zany. He was always slight and thin, well- 
meaning, but comparatively helpless, full of readiness, 
grimace, ami alacrity, but also of incompetence, eagerly 
trying to imitate his superior, but ending in failure and 
absurdity. . . . We have ourselves seen the c/i^jch and the 
zany in the ring together, the clown doing clever ti-icks, 
the zany provoking immense laughter by his ludicrous 
failures in attempting to imitate them. Where there is 
imly a single clown, he often combines I>oth the charac- 
ters, doing skilful tumblii:g on his own account, and play- 
ing the zanu to the riders." {Edinbunjti Rev., July, 1800, 
art. 4.) 
zany (ZiX'ni), v. t.; pret. and pp. zanied, jipr. 
zaui/iuii. [< zany, «.] To play the zany to; 
mimic ; imitate apishly. 
zareba 
All excellence 
In other madams do but zany hers. 
Fletcher (and another ?), Queen of Corinth, I. 2. 
Laughs them to scorne, as man doth busie apes 
When they will zanie men. 
Marston, Antonio and Mellida, II., iv. 1. 
zanyism (za'ni-izm), u. [< zany + -ism.] 1. 
Tlie act or practice of imitation or mimicry. — 
2. The condition or habits of a buffoon or a 
low clown : often used contemptuously. 
Zanzalian (zan-zii'li-an), n. [< Zanzalns (see 
def.) + -inn.'] A Jacobite of the East: so called 
occasionally from Zanzalns, a surname of Ja- 
cobus Baradffius. See Jacobite, 2. 
zanze, ". [African.] An African musical in- 
strument consisting of a wooden box in which 
a number of sonorous tongues of wood or metal 
are fixed. These are sounded by the finger or 
a stick. 
Zanzibar! (zan-zi-bii'ri), «. and «. I. a. Of or 
pertaining to Zanzibar, a sultanate of eastern 
Africa, it was in 1890 made a British protectorate, con- 
fined chiefly to the island of Zanzibar, while the coast of 
the neighboring mainland was ceded to Germany, 
The country is practically in the hands of .Arabs and 
Zanzibari shivers and traders. 
Appleton'sAnn. Cyc, 1886, p. .172. 
II. n. An inhabitant of Zanzibar. 
Zapateado (Sp. pron. tha-pa-te-ii'do), «. [Sp.] 
A Spanish dance in which the rhythm is marked 
by blows of the foot on the ground. 
zaphara (zaf 'a-rii), n. Same as zaffer. 
Zaphrentinae (zaf-ren-ti'ne), n. pi. [NL. (Ed- 
wards and Haime, 1850), < Zaphrcntis + -inee.] 
A subfamily of Paleozoic rugose stone-corals, of 
the family t'yathophyllida?, typified by tlie genus 
Zaphrentis. They have a free and simple corallum, and 
a well-developed septal fossula formed by a tul)nlar in- 
fiection of the tabulie on one side, or replaced by a cristi- 
form process. The taltulse are complete, but the septa 
are deficient or irregular, and there is usually no colu- 
mella. 
Zaphrentis (zaf-ren'tis), n. [NL. (Rafinesque 
and Clifford, 1820), prob. < Gr. fa- intensive + 
ppf/i', brain.] 1. The typical genus of Zaph- 
reutintP. The species are deeply cupped, with many 
septa, and a peculiar pit on one side of the interior. Z. 
caggedayi is an example. Tliey lived in the Silurian and 
Carboniferous periods. 
2. [I. c] A species of this genus. Webster's 
Dirt.. 1890. 
Zapodidse (za-pod'i-de), w. pi. [NL., < Zapns 
(-ji(id-) -t- -idse.] A family of rodent mammals, 
of the myomorphic series of the order liodcntia, 
framed by Coues for the reception of the jump- 
ing mouse of North America, Zapus liudsonius, 
a small mouse-like (juadruped intermediate in 
some respects between the Muridse, or mice 
proper, and the Dijiodidsp, or jerboas of the Old 
World. Bysomethe family is considered as a subfamily 
of Dipt^idie, under the names Zapodinie &niX J acidiniv . 
See y.ai'Ufi, and cut under deer-mouge. 
Zapodinse (zap-o-di'ne), H. pi. [NL., < Zapiis 
{-pud-) -\- -imp.] The ^"^lorfif/cF as a subfamily 
of Dipodida:' 
zapotilla (/.ap-o-til'a), n. Same as sap(nUlla. 
zaptieh, n. See zubtie. 
Zapus (za'pus), n. [NL. (Coues, 1876), < Gr. 
Ca- intensive + iroix = E.,/()0/.] The only genus 
of Zapodida'. Z. hndsouiiis is the common 
jumping mouse, ordeer-mouse, of North Amer- 
ica. See cut under dccr-mnu.sc. 
Zaragoza mangrove. See mani/rorr. 
zarape (za-rii'pe), n. [Sp. Amer.] Same as 
serapc. 
Men wearing vermilion zarajteg al)ont their shoulders. 
The Nation, XLVIIL 311. 
Zarathustrian (zai'-a-thiis'tri-an), a. and u. 
[< Zin-filhustra -h -ian.] Smiiic as Zoroastrian. 
Zarathustrianism (zar a-tliiis'tri-an-izm), n. 
[< Zarathustridu -t- -ism.] Tlie religion of Za- 
rathustra ; Zoronstriaiiism. 
Zarathustric (zar-a-thos'trik), a. Same iis 
Zoroftslrir. 
It cannot be denied that the Zarathuglric dogmas are 
pure old Aryan myths in a new shape. 
Encyc. Brit., XX. 301. 
Zarathustrism (zar-a-thOs'trizm), )(. [< Zarti- 
thustra (see Zarathustrian) -I- -ism.] Same as 
Z(i ra th ustria n isiu . 
Modern Brahmanisni, Zaratlnigfrimn, and Buddliism. 
K. B. Tytor, i'rim. Culture, I. 4i). 
zaratite (zar'a-tit), «. [After Sefior Zaratc, a 
Spaniard.] A hydrous carbonate of nickel, 
occurring as an emcriild-oreen incrustation on 
chromite. Also called rmrralil uirkcl. 
zareba (za-re'bii), n. In Sudan and adjoining 
parts of Africa, an inclosure against enemies 
or wild animals, as by a tliorn-hedge: a forti- 
