zlphioid 
ziphioid (zif'i-oid), «. and n. I. a. Resembling 
or related to a cetacean of the genus Ziphius.- 
II. II. Any member of the Ziphiidse or Ziphi- 
iiise. 
Also written xiphioid. 
zlpllistemuin, «. See xiplmterimm. 
ZipMus (zif 'i-us), 11. [NL. (Cuvier, 1834), prop. 
Xipliiu^, < Gr. ^upiog, the sword-fish, < fi'(i«f, a 
sword.] 1. Agemisof odontocete eetaceans,or 
toothed whales, taken as type of the Ziphiinse : 
used with varying restrictions, and in some 
acceptations synonymous with Mesoplodoii. It 
was based originally on "a sknll discovered in 1804 on the 
coast of France, and supposed to be fossil ; the species was 
named Z. caviroslrU by Cuvier. Numerous living individ- 
uals have since been found in various seas. There is nor- 
mally one conical tooth on each side of the lower jaw ; the 
vertebi-n; are forty-nine in luimber; and the anterior cer- 
vicals aic ankylosed, but the posterior are free. These 
whales are among those linown as bottle-nosed whales and 
cow-fishes, and attain a length of from 15 to 20 feet. The 
genus isiiistinct from Hyperoodon; but variations in the 
dentition- have been noted, and the relations of some 
forms known as Mesoplndon are in question. Also called 
Diodon. 
2. [/. 0.] A whale of this genus. 
Ziphorhynchus, ii. See Xiphorhijnchus. 
Zippeite (zip'e-it), n. [Named after F. X. M. 
Zippe. a German mineralogist.] A basic sul- 
pliate of uranium, occurring in delicate needle- 
like crystals of a bright-yellow color: it is found 
at Joachim.sthal. 
zircon (zer'kon), ii. [Cf. Sp. azcircoii = Pg. 
(izare&o, zarcao. < Ar. zarlcun, cinnabar, ver- 
milion, < Pers. zarffuii, gold-colored: see jar- 
f/oii'^.'] Amineral occurring in tetragonal crys- 
tals of adamantine luster and yellowish to 
brownish or reddish color : its hardness is some- 
what greater than that of quartz. The reddish- 
orange variety is sometimes called hyacinth in jewelry. 
The colorless, yellowish, or smoky zircon of Ceylon is there 
called jarijvn. Zircon consists of the oxids of silicon and 
zirconium (SiOoZrOo), and is usually regarded as a silicate 
of zirconium, though sometimes classed with the oxids of 
titanium (rutile) and tin (oassiterite), which have a similar 
form. See zirconium. 
zirconate (zer'ko-nat), «. [< zircoii{ic) + -»tei.] 
A salt of zircouic acid. 
zirconia (zer-ko'ni-a), «. [NL., < ^(rcOH.] An 
o.xid, Zr02, of the metal zirconium, resembling 
alumina in appearance. It is so hard as to 
sera tell glass — Zlrconla light, an intensely brilliant 
light, diifering from the ordinary oxyhydrogen light or 
lime-light only in that it is produced from zircon cones 
acted on by oxygen and a highly carbureted gas, in plac;^ 
of the less durable lime l)all8 of the other method. 
Zirconian (zer-ko'ni-an), o. [< zircoiiia + -o/).] 
Same as zirmnic. I'op. Sci. News, XXIII. 60. 
zirconic(zer-kon'ik), ti. [izirconia, zirconium, 
+ -ic] Of, pertaining to, or containing zir- 
conia or zirconium Zirconic acid, an acid con- 
taining zirconium, not capable of existing in the free state, 
Imt forming definite salts. 
zirconite (zcr'kon-it), ;;. [< zircon + -ite'^.'] A 
variety of zircon. 
zirconium (zer-ko'ni-um), n. [NL.,< zircon.'] 
(Jhemical symbol, Zr; atomic weight, 89.6. The 
metal contained in zireonia. it is commonly ob- 
tained in the form of a black powder, but is also known in 
the crystalline state, forming highly lustrous blackish-gray 
laminie, having; a specific gravity of 4.iri. The amorphous 
metal takes ftre wlien gently heated in the air. but the 
crystalline variety requires an intense heat for its ignition. 
The common acids do not attack it. Zirconium is a re- 
markable element in that it is very widely and generally 
diffused in nature, but nowhere, so far as is known, found 
in any one locality in large (juantity ; in this respect it has 
a decided resemljlance to titanium. The form in which 
it occurs is that of the silicate (zircon), and usually in mi- 
nute or even microscopic crystals, which have been de- 
tected in many granitic and syenitic rocks, as well as in 
various gneisses and crystalline schists. Zircon has been 
found also, but less abundantly, in some eruptive rocks, 
l)oth ancient and modern. Zirconium is chemically most 
closely related to titanium, and i)oth these metals have 
certain affinities with silicon, forming dioxids and vola- 
tile tetrachloiids, as does that non-metallic element. 
zirconoid (zer'ko-noid), n. [< zircon + -did.] 
In cri/vhil., a double eight-sided pyramid be- 
longing to the tetragonal system: so called be- 
cause it is a common form with zircon. 
zircon-syenite (z('r'kon-si"e-nit), ». See eleeo- 
lite-si/enitr. 
Z-iron (ze'- or zed'i''em), n. See amjle-iron. 
Zirphaea (zer-fe'ii), n. [NL. {J. e! Gray, as 
Zirfeen).] In cnncli., a genus of bivalve's, of 
the family Phiiladidie. Z. cri.spata is called 
ttdU-fish in California, wliere it is available for 
food. 
zither (zith'fer), n. [< G. zither = E. cither, 
ritliiird, i\. v.] Same as cithern. 
Zitherist (zlth'er-ist), n. [< zither -I- -int.] A 
player on the cithern. 
zithern (zith'ern), «. [Altered ioTm oi zither, 
after citliern as related to cither, citharii.] Same 
as cithern. 
Flowering Plant ot Zizattia aquatica. 
a, branch of the panicle with male flowers ; 
b, branch of the panicle witli female flowers ; 
<-, male flower : a, female flower. 
7036 
Zizania (zi-za'ni-a), «, [NL. (LinnseuB, 1753), 
< LL. zizania, pi., tares, < Gr. C,iL.dviov^ darnel, 
tare.] A genus of grasses, of the tribe Oryzese. 
It is characterized 
by numerous nar- 
row unisexual 
spikelets in a long 
loose androgy- 
nous panicle, each 
spikelct having 
two glumes and 
six stamens or two 
more or less con- 
nate styles. Four 
or five epeciea 
have been de- 
scribed, of which 
two, Z. aquatica 
and Z. miiiacea, 
are usually con- 
sidered distinct ; 
both are natives 
of North America, 
the former also oc- 
curring in Japan 
and eastern Rus- 
sia. They are tall 
aquatic grasses 
with long flat 
leaves and large 
terminal panicles 
with numerous 
slender elongated 
branches, made 
highly ornamen- 
tal by the pendent red or pui-plish anthers. They are the 
favorite food of wild ducks, and the seeds are sold to plant 
in artificial fish-ponds to shade the young fish, and along 
watercourses to attract fowl. They are known aa vHd, 
water, or Indian rice. See Indian rice, under rice^. 
Zizanyt (zi^'a-ni), ?(. [< F. zizamcj < LL. ziza- 
nia: aee Zizania.'] Darnel. 
They all stand or fall to their own masters, and many 
holy and excellent persons Ood has dispersed, as wheat 
among the tares and zizany. 
Evelyn, True Religion, II. 314. 
Ziziphora (zi-zif o-ra), n. [NL. (Linnseus, 
1753).] A genus of gamopetalous plants, of 
the order Lahiatse and tribe Monardcse. it is 
characterized by a tubular thirteen-nerved two-lipped ca- 
lyx, with the throat villous within, and commonly closed 
after (lowering by connivent teeth. There are about 12 
species, natives of eastern and central Asia and of south- 
ern parts of the Mediterranean region. They are low an- 
nuals or spreading undershrubs, usually hoary with close 
hairs, and bearing small leaves which are nearly or quite 
entire. The flowers form small axillary clusters, commonly 
crowded upon the upper part of the stem. 
Zizypliese (zi-zif e-e). n. pi. [NL. (Benlham 
and Hooker, 1862), < Zizifphtis + -cap.] A tribe 
of polyiietalousplantH, of the order liham it a ceep. 
It is characterized by a superior or half -superior ovary, by 
a disk filling the calyx-tube, and by a drupaceous juicy or 
fleshy fruit with a one- to three-celled stone. It includes 
genera, of which Zizyphus is the type. They are shrubs 
or trees, mainly of the northern hemisphere; one. Ber- 
chemia, becomes a shrubby climber in B. voluMlis, the 
supple-jack of the southern I'nited iStates. 
Zizyphus (ziz'i-fus),??. [NL. (Tournefort,1700), 
< L. ztzi/phiis, < Gr. C'C^i^oc* the jujube-tree: see 
juji(he.~\ A genus of polypetalous plants, of 
the order liJunnnacesej type of the tribe Zizy- 
phcse. It is characterized by thorny branches, triple- 
nerved leaves, and cymose flowers each with five petals, 
and by a usually two-celled ovary immersed in the disk, 
and hearing two or three conical divergent styles. There 
are C't species, natives chii^tiy of tropical Asia and Amer- 
ica, occurring rarely in Africa and Australia. They are 
shrubs or trees, often decumbent or sarmentose, common- 
ly covered with hooked spines. The leaves are alteniate, 
coriaceous, entire or creuate, three- to five-nerved, and 
mostly arranged in two ranks. One or both of the stii»- 
ules are spinesceiit, often ending in a hook. The small 
greenish flowers form short fcw-fiowered axillaiy cymes, 
i'he fruit is a globose or oblong drupe, with a woody or 
bony stone, containing one to three seeds. The species are 
known in general nsjtijnbe-tree; the nfime Jujube- is given 
especially to the fruit of Z. saliva (Z. vvlgans\oi the Medi- 
terranean region, which is there commonly eaten fresh, 
or used as a cough remedy when dried. Z. Jujuba, of In- 
dia and China, also furnishes an excellent fruit, cultivated 
in numerous forms by the Cliinese ; a variety is known as 
the Chinese date. The true jujube does not now usually 
enter into the confection known as jujube-paste, but is 
connnonly replaced by gum arable or gelatin. Z. Lotus, 
the sadr, is one of the reputed sources of the classical 
lotus-food. (See lotvs-tree, 1, and lute-tree.) Many other 
species bear edible fruit, as Z. Baclei, of Africa, which is 
there made into bread and into a pleasant beverage : sev- 
eral are valued for ornament on account of their foliage, 
or for hedges on account of their spines, especially Z. 
sativa, and also Z. Spina-Chrvtii, one of the Ohrisfs-thorns 
(for which see nehbidc-treeX Z. nunmiularia. of Persia and 
India, is known as camel' s-thom (which see). Z. Chlcir- 
oxylon, a recently determined species, is an imp«jrtant 
timber-tree of Jamaica, there known as coy-wood. Z. Par- 
r*/t occurs in southern California and Cerros Island; two 
former species of Florida, Z. emarffinattis, or black iron- 
wood, and Z. DomingcTudt, or nakedwood, are now known 
respectively as Rhamnidium ferreuvi and Colubriua recli- 
natd. See jujube, and cut untler nenmtion. 
Zn. Ill chain., the symbol for zivc. 
ZOa, ". Plural of zoiiti. 
zoadulaf (zo-ad'u-la). }}.; })\.zoadulsp{-\e). [NL., 
< (Jr. Cwv, life, +'-aV/2 + dim. -«/«.] In bot, the 
locomotive spore of some Confci'vse. 
Zoanthus 
zosea, zoseal. See zoea, zoeal. 
zoamylin (zo-am'i-lin), n, [< Gr. C^^, life, + 
amylin.'] Hame as glycogen. 
Zoanthacea (zo-an-tha'se-a), n. pL [NL., < 
Zoanthus + -acea.'] A suborder of Actiniaria, 
containing permanently attached forms, as Zo- 
anthus and related genera. 
zoantliaceail (z6-an-tha'se-an), a. and n. [< 
Zoanthacea + -an.'] I, a. Of or pertaining to 
the Zoanthacea; zoanthoid. 
II. n. Any member of the Zoanthacea. 
Zoantharia (zo-an-tha'ri-a), «. jyl. [NL. (De 
Blainville, 1830), < Gr. C^x*, animal (see zooh),, 
+ avdoc, flower, + -aria,] A division (order 
or subclass) of Actinozoa, containing the hex- 
amerous or hexacoralline forms ; the helian- 
thoid polyps, or animal-flowers, contrasted with 
the Alcyonaria^ and characterized by the nor- 
mal disi)Osition of their soft parts in sixes, 
or multiples of six (not in eights, as in the 
Alcyonaria or Octocoralla), and by the posses- 
sion of simple (not fringed) and usually numer- 
ous tentacles : so called from the resemblance 
of some of them, as the sea-anemones, to flow- 
ers. The Zoantharia correspond to the UexacoraUa or 
CoraUiyena, and were divided by M ilne-Ed wards into three 
suborders (or orders) : Malacodcrmata, with the corallum 
absent or rudimentary, as in sea anemones; Sclerof>a»ica, 
with external non-calcareous corallum, as the black corals 
of the family Aniipathidse ; and Scleroder.nata, with in- 
tenial calcareous corallum, as the ordinary hard corals, or 
stone-coi-als. See the technical names. 
ZOantharian (z6-an-tha'ri-an), rt. and «. I, a. 
Having the characters of or pertaining to the 
Zoantharia. 
II. n. A member of the Zoantharia^ as a sen- 
anemone. 
Zoanthidse (z6-an'thi-de), n. pi. [NL. (J. E. 
Gray, 1840), <' Zoanthus + -idse.] A family of 
zoanthai^an or hexacoralline aetinozoans, typi- 
fied by the genus Zoanthus. They are sea-anemones 
in which the individual polyps are ordinarily miited by 
a common creeping stolon, or connective coenosarc; they 
nniltiply by buds which remain thus adherent They have 
no true corallum, but a pseudo- skeleton of hard parti- 
cles or spicules embedded in the ectoderm ; the mesen- 
teric septa are numerous, and of two sorts (one small and 
sterile, the other large and perfect and furnished with 
reproductive organs), generally alternating. Like moAt 
other sea-anemones, these are fixed organisms, incapable 
of locomotion ; and they include all the colonial forms. 
Also Zoanthese. 
Zoanthinae (z6-an-thi'ne), n.pl. [NL., < Zoan- 
thus + -insB.] The Zoanthidse named as a sub- 
family. Edwards and Haime, 1851. 
ZOanthodeiue (zo-an'tho-dem)^w. [< Gr. Cv^v, 
aJiimal, + ai-Ooc, a flower, -f- de/na, a bundle: 
literally, ' a bundle of animal-flowers.*] A com- 
pound zoantharian ; the whole organism con- 
stituted by the coherent zooids produced by the 
budding of a single aetinozoan pol>-p. 
zoanthodemic (zo-an-tho-dem'ik), a. [< zoan- 
ihodemc + -ic] Of the nature of or pertaining 
to a zoanthodeme. 
zoantlioid(zo-an'thoid), a. [i Zoanthus + -old.] 
Same as zoantharian. 
zoanthropic (zo-an-throp'ik). a. [< zoanthrop-y 
+ -ic.] Of the nature of or pertaining to zoan- 
thropy: as, -roffH^Arojy/c mania or delusion; *<> 
authropic literature. This is the generic name of 
such delusions, whicli take various forms, some of which 
are specified accoiding to tlie animal concerned, as lycan- 
thropy. 
zoantliropy (zo-an'thro-pi), n. [< Gr. Cwor. ani- 
mal, + avdpo}7Tog, man. Cf. lycanthropy.] A 
form of insanity in which a person believes 
himself to be one of the lower animals. 
Zoanthus (zo-an'thus). n. [NL. (Cuvier, 1827), 
< Gr, C^^r, aiiimal, + ai-do^. flower.] The t3"pi- 
eal genus of Zo- 
anthidie. Thein- 
dividual polyps are 
lengthened, and 
elevated upon a 
footstalk spring- 
ing from the con- 
nective coenosarc 
conmion to the 
several zooids of 
the coniponn:! or- 
ganism ; the mouth 
is linear and trans- 
vei-se. and sur- 
rounded by short 
slender rays or 
tentacles. The 
best-known spe- 
cies is Z. couchi 
of the European 
coasts ; numer- 
ous others inhab- 
it tropical seas, 
as Z. solanderi. Zoanehus (^ourki. 
Also ZoanthaS two thirds natural azc. 
(Lamarck, 1810), „, iKiIyp, closed : f>, the same, expanded ; 
Zoantha. <", stolon. 
