EUINS. 09 
naked, rock stretches out on either side of the river for many miles, but 
curiously carved mounds and cones are scattered everywhere, and deep holes 
are worn out. 'Many of these pockets are filled with water. In one of these 
holes, or wells, twenty feet deep, I find a tree growing. The excavation is 
so narrow that I can step from its brink to a limb on the tree, and descend 
to the bottom of the well down a growing ladder. Many of these pockets 
are pot-holes, being found in the courses of little rills, or brooks, that run 
during the rains which occasionally fall in this region; and often a few harder 
rocks, which evidently assisted in their excavation, can be found in their 
bottoms. Others, which are shallower, are not so easily explained. Perhaps 
they are found where softer spots existed in the sandstone, places that yielded 
more readily to atmospheric degradation, and where the loose sands were 
carried away by the winds. 
Just before sundown, I attempt to climb a rounded eminence, from 
which I hope to obtain a good outlook on the surrounding country. It is 
formed of smooth mounds, piled one above another. Up these I climb, 
winding here and there, to find a practicable way, until near the summit 
they become too steep for me to proceed. I search about, a few minutes, for 
a more easy way, when I am surprised at finding a stairway, evidently cut 
in the rock by hands. At one place, where there is a vertical wall of ten 
or twelve feet, I find an old, ricketty ladder. It may be that this was a 
watch-tower of that ancient people, whose homes we have found in ruins. 
On many of the tributaries of the Colorado I have heretofore examined 
their deserted dwellings. Those that show evidences of being built during 
the latter part of their occupation of the country, are, usually, placed on the 
most inaccessible cliffs. Sometimes, the mouths of caves have been walled 
across, and there are many other evidences to show their anxiety to secure 
defensible positions. Probably the nomadic tribes were sweeping down 
upon them, and they resorted to these cliffs and canons for safety. It is not 
unreasonable to suppose that this orange mound was used as a watch-tower. 
Here I stand, where these now lost people stood centuries ago, and look over 
this strange country. I gaze off to great mountains, in the northwest, which 
are slowly covered by the night until they are lost, and then I return to 
