LATERAL CANONS. 197 
Turning here again to the north, the river soon passes out of the granite, 
and then, at last, out of the canon, where the Grand Wash comes down from 
the north. Around this second great bend the walls of the canon have a 
more simple structure than in the first, but there are many points where 
views can be obtained of a simple gorge, much more impressive as such, 
than in the complex region above. 
LATERAL CANONS. 
Many other streams, heading to the north and south, are tributaries of 
the Colorado, and have canons which are lateral to the Grand Canon. The 
Kanab heads away to the north, at the foot of the Pink Cliffs, and runs 
south into the Grand Carton, passing through a series of gorges. Where it 
cuts through the successive lines of cliffs, it presents another series of terrace 
canons, in many respects like the series on Green River; but the lower 
canon of the Kanab, which comes down to the Colorado River, is carved 
through the harder limestones and sandstones of Carboniferous Age, and its 
general characteristics are the same as those of Marble Canon. 
The Little Colorado, heading away off to the southeast, enters the 
Grand Canon by a profound gorge of its own. 
From the south, the most important stream is Coanini Creek, which 
heads near the San Francisco Mountain, and rapidly finds its way into great 
depths. 
Besides these streams, the plateaus are cut by the Rio Virgen, in its 
upper course, which empties into the Colorado below the Grand Caiion, and 
by the Paria, which heads in the Pink Cliffs, and enters the Colorado at the 
head of Marble Canon. 
All these streams, and many others of lesser importance, have cut 
gorges of their own; and they all have wet- weather affluents, that run in 
deep canons. It is a canon land. 
THE CANONS CARVED BY RUNNING WATERS. 
I have stated, and assumed, from time to time, in the above discussion, 
that these canons have been cut by running waters. Professor Newberry, 
