THE TECHNOLOGIST. [July 1, ltC5 
44 ITALIAN EXHIBITS AT DUBLIN. 
mFran.ee, where silk is likewise spuu in the most admirable manner ; — 
the medals awarded to nearly all the Milanese silk spinners and Sclera 
at the Italian Exhibition in 136L and the International Exhibition of 
1862 ; — and lastly the great gold medal conferred on the Milan Chamber 
of Commerce at the Paris Universal Exhibition in 18-35, as representing 
the general silk interest of the province. 
" Although exceptional circumstances have prevented that concur- 
rence of Milanese manufacturers at the Dublin International Exhibi- 
tion as was at first anticipated, three of them, Keller, De Vecchi, and 
Ronchetti are houses of the most important class, and the samples of 
raw and spun silk which they have sent will show the perfection they 
have attained in winding, spinning, and throwing this precious fibre- 
The first mentioned of these manufacturers likewise exhibits silk 
obtained by a process of his own which he states to be more expeditious, 
economical and useful, combining as it does two operations in one. 
Another exhibitor has sent sewing silk, which having been prepared 
from silk made by double cocoons, cannot be twisted uniformly, so as 
to present the various degrees of size without accurate study and careful 
examination to assure the smoothness of the thread and regularity of 
the work in the preceding operations, as well as a judicious choice of 
the silk itself. This exhibitor annually manufactures about ten tons of 
sewing silk, for the most part sold in France and Germany for making 
fringes. 
" Another exhibitor shows with what success he is able to card silk 
waste by hand and power, and what progress has been made in this art 
during the past few years. This waste has little intrinsic value, but 
when carded with intelligence and accuracy, and spun very equally, 
serves either alone or mixed with other silk, wool, or cotton, for the 
manufacture of goods of such beauty as to appear entirely made of 
silk. Silk carding is carried on by ten manufacturers, large and small 
together, and employs about 2,000 men, women, and children. The 
total annual production may be taken at 200 tons. 
" In the twelve silk dyeing works existing within the walls of Milan, 
upwards of 240 men are employed, who dye annually not less than 220 
tons of silk. Without pretending for a moment to assert that the 
Milanese silk dyers can compete with the French, especially in new 
colours and half tints, it is but just to say that great improvements 
have recently taken place, while, on the other hand, Milanese dyers are 
celebrated for their mineral black, which they sell in great quantities 
to Swiss and Rhenish manufacturers. 
" Brum's dyeing works are very ancient, having been founded about a 
century ago. The exhibitor assumed possession of it in 1821, and has 
directed his attention with diligence and care to his own art. Aided 
by the progress of chemistry he has been enabled to introduce great 
improvements, heating by steam, and having in the works stearn 
engines and all the most improved kinds of machinery. He has been 
