Aug. 1, 1865.] THE TECHNOLOGIST. 
TREATMENT OP BEES IN POLAND. 45 
awarded, several medals at different exhibitions, and dyes for foreign 
sale alone upwards of thirty tons of silk annually. 
" As far as regards the consumption of dyed silk for the Lombard 
silk manufactories, which are confined to the two provinces of Milan and 
Como, the dyeing works receive less commissions than formerly, owing 
to the severe blow the weavers have sustained by the government 
having suddenly taken off the import duty on such goods since the late 
treaty of commerce, rendering it extremely difficult for them to com- 
pete with French manufacturers, even for plain silks, which would not 
have been the case had sufficient time been allowed for adopting 
measures necessary in order to keep their ground." 
ON THE TREATMENT OF BEES IN POLAND. 
BY COLONEL STANTON. 
I have succeeded in procuring a paper on the treatment of bees in 
this country, written expressly for me by Mr. Mieczynski, one of the 
chief authorities on the subject in Poland, and I forward, herewith, a 
summary of this paper, translated from the original Polish by Mr. Mor- 
ris, the clerk of this Consulate. 
Mr. Mieczynski in his paper mentions the titles of several works 
published in the Polish language, which treat on the subject of bees and 
bee-keeping ; but of these only one (that of Dzierson) appears to have 
been translated into French or English ; but, as the system introduced 
by this author is looked upon as one of the most successful, it may be 
presumed that all the details necessary for the complete explanation of 
the most approved methods of bee-keeping are to be found in the pub- 
lished work of that author." 
The manner of treatment of bees in Poland may be divided into two 
heads. 
The first, or routine method, is practised chiefly among the ignorant 
peasants, and as these are the most numerous class, this method holds 
the first place in the amount of produce of honey and wax, and with 
regard to the manipulation and rearing of bees may be classed into two 
subdivisions : — 
1. The system of hives (made of trunks of trees, either standing or 
felled), which is generally used in Poland, Galicia, Posen, Lithuania ; 
and 
2. The system of bottomless hives, generally used in Ukraine and 
Volhynia, as well as the system of basket hives called straw hives, used 
