THE SUPPLY OP EESItf, 105 
Of this about one-half is used to put into the wine of the country, 
which absorbs part of it, and the remainder unites with the tartar, and 
attaches itself to the sides of the casks. 
This mixture of resin and tartar has lately been subjected to dis- 
tillation, but it yields but a very small quantity of spirits of turpentine, 
the residuum being black resin, or colophony, and argol. 
The other half of the resin produced is exported to other parts of 
Greece and to foreign countries, part in its natural state and part, after 
distillation, as spirits of turpentine. 
Resin is now worth here about 60 leptas per oke, or 17s. 2d. per 
cwt., and spirits of turpentine 2 drachmas per oke, or 57s. per cwt. 
The increase in value will augment the production. Mr. Vice-Con- 
sul Pasqualigo writes from Pyrgos, in Elis, that, with high prices, it 
might be increased threefold. Some small parcels of resin have lately 
been exported from this port of Patras to England. 
Report by Consul Lloyd, Syr a.— Resin is produced from the pine-tree, 
called by the natives of Greece, pefkos. There are two sorts of resin— that 
which naturally exudes and dries of itself, and which does not contain so 
much spirit, and that which exudes from incisions made in the same tree, 
and is more liquid. Of this latter, in 1862 Greece produced 1,000,000 okes, 
half of which was used in the fabrication of wine in Greece and Turkey, and 
the other half was distilled for the spirit of turpentine, and for the resin, 
its product, all of which was consumed in Turkey and Greece. In 1863, 
1,500,000 were produced ; 700 tons went to England, and the rest was 
consumed in Greece and Turkey for wine and distillation for the spirit 
of turpentine, and resin, except small quantities which were sent to 
France and Italy as experiments. 1864, it is expected, will produce 
about 4,000,000 okes. About 2,000 tons have probably been already 
sent to Great Britain, exported from Syra, Piraeus, Chalchida, and 
Patras; a portion also has been kept for wine in Greece and Turkey, 
and a portion has also been sent to France and Italy ; the remainder 
will all go to Great Britain. This year a distilling apparatus, brought 
from England on purpose, has been established at Chalchis, in Negro- 
pont. The resin is chiefly produced in the forests from the pine-trees, 
and from one kind of tree only, namely, that which is used for ship- 
building. After Negropont, Attica produces the next greatest quantity, 
the trees being more scattered there, as the woods have been destroyed, 
and they destroy them still for the cultivation of the ground ; next, 
Eastern Greece — that is, Megarida, north of the Isthmus of Corinth, 
where the woods are also scattered — and near Corinth itself, and from 
between Lutraki and Calamaki ; also Argeo, near Patras ; near and 
opposite Zante and the Ionian Islands, and about Sparta. The inhabi- 
tants of certain villages had the business of making the incisions in the 
trees from old times, and were called Koulouricks, from Koulouri, the 
name of a village, and this occupation they followed in Attica, anciently 
called Eleusina. The incisions are made in the month of June, in the 
