110 THE SUPPLY OF RESIN. 
The u copal," is found in the districts on the eastern side of the 
Andes, and the "guiacum" in North Peru, in the country beyond 
Pinra. 
In Chile he tells me there are large forests of the Auracaria wibricata, 
which gives resin ; this, however, is different from the Auracaria 
Braziliends that abounds, I think I have been told, near the Brazilian 
frontier of Paraguay. 
I am not aware that resin from the " copal " or f * guiacum " is used 
in Peru, for what is required here appears to be imported from the 
United States of North America. 
Russia. — Report by Consul Ranney, Archangel. — Notwithstanding 
the unusual facilities for obtaining resin in this part of Russia, the arti- 
cle is only collected and manufactured in the Velsk district of the 
Vologda Government. Many years ago the quantity produced amounted 
to above 8,000 cwt., but the introduction of more stringent forest regula- 
tions had the effect of reducing the production to about 1,500 cwt. 
Under the stimulus of high prices for home consumption, caused by the 
want of American resin, the quantity has this year again increased to 
about 3,000 cwt., and next year it will probably be more, but still 
nothing in comparison to what it might become were the production to 
extend to other districts. 
Besides the Velsk there are other large districts, both in the Vologda 
and Archangel governments, where almost the sole employment of the 
people is the manufacture of tar, and where the tar is principally pro- 
duced from growing trees, namely, pine. In order to fit the wood for 
the purpose, its bark is, during several years, gradually stripped off to 
some height from the ground, and during this process the resin exudes. 
In the Velsk district the resin is scraped off and collected for manufac- 
ture in the autumn ; but in the districts to which I allude it is allowed to 
remain, and is, I may say, wasted. The additional quantity of tar which 
the trees may produce in consequence of the resin not being removed must, 
I am led to believe, be very trifling indeed, for in felling and carrying the 
trees from the forest and in cutting them up, the resin is knocked off. 
As there are several pitch works in these districts, the resin could 
be easily manufactured. The attention of the pitch manufacturers has 
either not been directed to the article, or their capital may be insufficient 
to engage in the manufacture of resin. For their pitch they find a ready 
market at this port, and obtain advances of money on the article during 
winter ; whereas resin has hitherto only been saleable in Moscow and 
St. Petersburg, where it has to be sent by land carriage. 
By a reduction of the excise duty on resin the government might 
stimulate the production of the article. This would not cause even a 
temporary loss to the revenue, for the same trees that now produce tar 
alone would produce both tar and resin. Regulations might also be 
issued by the government which would tend to cause the resin to be 
extracted in the first instance from trees felled for export. 
