THE SUPPLY OP RESIN. 113 
production of resin might be carried up to 500,000 or 1,000,000 cwt. It 
is in favour of such a trade that it requires no great permanent invest- 
ment ; but it is impossible to say to what extent even the present strong 
inducements will establish it. 
Eesin may be exported in its liquid form, as produced, or used for 
the distillation of turpentine spirit yielding about one-half of its weight 
of the hard brown resin of commerce. In either case, it would be best 
shipped in casks containing 2\ cwt. 
Turkey. — Report by Acting-Consul Heidenstam, Aleppo. — The annual 
produce of resin in this district may be computed at about 225 cantars 
equal to about 1,125 cwt. There are two different qualities. The superior 
khid, of which about 25 cantars, or 125 cwt., are annually sold at Aleppo, 
and is known in trade here as " dufr resin," is almost all exported to 
England. It is worth at present in the Aleppo market from 1,800 to 
1,900 piastres per cantar, about 21. 10s. per cwt., free of all charges, ex- 
cept the Custom duty of 8 per cent., if exported. The second quality, of 
which a very small portion is exported to England, is valued at 1,000 
piastres per cantar, or LI. 14s per cwt., and is principally used by local 
manufacturers, or exported to other towns in Turkey. 
Report by Consul- General Kemball, Bagdad. — Resin in the form of 
inspissated turpentine is imported into Bagdad from the Kurdish Moun- 
tains and Persia ; and the supply, hitherto limited to the demand in this 
market, is said to be abundant, and susceptible of large increase for pur- 
poses of exportation. The quality I understand to be superior. The 
price, hitherto subject to little or no fluctuation, is 2^d. and 3d. per lb. 
Distillation not being practised in this country resin divested of oil of 
turpentine is imported from India to the small extent required for local 
consumption. 
Report by Consul- General Longworih, Belgrade. — Resin is prepared 
in small quantities by the Servian peasants from the fir tree, principally 
in the forests on the Bosnian and Albanian frontiers. There is, however, 
no regular manufactory ; what is made is of a very crude sort, and is 
entirely consumed in the country itself, none being exported. By a 
recent proposition of the National Assembly the destruction of the 
forests in Servia, by the indiscriminate cutttng of timber and the manu- 
facture of potash, was sought to be prevented. These circumstances may 
stop the manufacture of the present small quantity made, which does 
not now average more than 100 tons yearly. Its value here is about 51. 
the ton. The rate of freight between the south of Servia, where the 
resin is made, and England, via the Save, Sissek, and Trieste, is about 
III. the ton. 
Report by Consul Sandison, Brussa.— Resin is procurable here from 
the forests on the skirts of Mount Olympus, and usually to the extent 
of 120 to 200 tons annually. But on demand the supply could probably 
be very considerably increased up to the amount of labour at command 
The forests partly belong to the Porte and partly to the villagers ; but 
