118 WOOD PULP FOR PAPER. 
paper from the thin "bark of the poplar, with one or two other kinds of 
wood. The Academy of Sciences having examined the specimens of 
writing, printing, and wrapping paper thus produced, acknowledged their 
goodness and praised the invention. The King granted to the brothers 
an exclusive privilege for ten years for the manufacture of paper from 
ligneous materials. 
In 1838, James Vincent Desgrand took out a patent in this country 
for making paper and pasteboard with wood reduced into a state of 
paste, and of the different sorts of wood that came under the denomina- 
tion of white woods, he found poplars answer the best. In 1855, Wil- 
liam Johnson was granted a patent for improvements in the application 
of various substances containing woody fibre to the manufacture of white 
paper pulp, as the inner bass of the lime tree and other Tiliacese, the 
willow, birch, and elder. 
In 1857 and 1858, Mr. W. E. Newton took out patents for improved 
methods of preparing wood pulp. The wood pulp on Volter's patent has 
been tried in America, and a very satisfactory article produced from it. 
The Boston papers have already printed on it, and from some stray copies 
that have reached this country it seems to be successful in its result. 
The colour is white and the body is tough, which cannot be said of 
American newspaper generally, while it prints well. 
A very excellent method of manufacturing paper and pasteboard 
pulp from wood, originally invented by M. Hartmann, has been im- 
proved upon by Mr. Schlesinger, of Bradford, who, after taking much 
trouble to introduce the plan into this country, is now, as the working 
partner of the inventor, conducting the process with great success. As 
the manufacture of paper is a subject at present forcing itself upon 
public attention, it seems desirable to give prominence to every good 
improvement relating to it. Process : — Cut a tree (say 6 feet long and 
2 feet diameter) into nine lengths of 8 inches by 2 feet diameter each ; 
place these blocks into the boxes, with the fibres running in the same 
direction as the stone turns ; lever them ; then start the stone at the 
rate of about 200 revolutions per minute. By the foregoing process a 
fibrous pulp is obtained equal to that of ordinary rag pulp, and lower 
in price. Moreover, this wood pulp has the advantage of absorbing a 
greater quantity of mineral than ordinary rag pulp, without deteriorat- 
ing the srtength of the pasteboard or paper. Light or hard woods will 
take the dye of even the most delicate colours as readily as rag pulp. 
According to Mr, Schlesinger's calculation, he produces a pound of dry 
wood pulp at about one penny, and makes no doubt that, in districts 
where wood and power can be had cheaper than at Bradford, it may 
be made at five-eighths to three-fourths of a penny per pound of 
dry pulp. The cheapest classes of wood, as fir, pine, poplar, willow, 
&c, suit his purpose best. We have had highly satisfactory specimens 
of the papers and pasteboards above enumerated submitted to our in- 
spection. 
