120 WOOD PULr FOR PAPER. 
" A paper-manufacturer working with water power can easily aug- 
ment his yearly production by the use of wood pulp. In the summer 
months when the water supply of many a factory often sinks to the 
half of its normal state, and the rag engines cannot be worked for 
want of power, the production of paper can be kept on a corresponding 
height by using wood pulp, its proper mixture with the rag pulp re- 
quiring little labour and consuming little power. But in regular times, 
those that know how to use wood pulp also find it easy to augment their 
daily production to a certain degree, by giving to the paper machine a 
higher speed than it is commonly worked at. 
"The advantages to be gained by the application of wood pulp may 
be summed up as follows : — 
" ] . Its cheap price compared to that sort of rags which wood pulp 
is capable of replacing. 
" 2. Its great natural purity and fineness of fibre, in which qualities 
the wood pulp far surpasses common rag pulp, and it is made wholly 
by mechanical operations, untouched by any chemical process. 
" 3. Its capability of quick application, as it leaves the wood pulp 
machine as a ready ground pulp, and can be used, without any further 
manipulations. 
" 4. Eag pulp, which is mixed with wood pulp, requires less washing 
than unmixed rag pulp to obtain a paper of equally light tint ; there is 
consequently less waste, and a saving of time and power. 
" 5. Paper manufacturers using wood pulp require less rag engines, 
and by the power they save thereby can increase their production. 
" 6. Wood pulp paper can be made with less expenses than other 
paper." 
At the Dublin Exhibition this year Mr. C. A. Koether of Cassel 
received a medal for the excellence and cheapness of his wood pulp and 
the samples of paper made therefrom shown in the Zollverein depart- 
ment. Mr. W. K. Sullivan in his report for the jury states — " Mauy 
years ago, several attempts were made to employ wood as a material for 
paper. It was only, however, within the last fifteen years that the pecu- 
liar difficulties which wood offers to being converted into a good uniform 
pulp, free from lumps and capable of flowing evenly on the guage of the 
paper machine, have been successfully overcome. Two manufacturers 
appear to have obtained this practical success, M. Chauchard, of Paris, 
and Herr H. Volter, (H. Volter's Sonne) of Heidenheim, in Wurtem- 
berg. Mr. Volter especially seems to have made wood one of the regu- 
lar raw materials of paper, for several pulp manufactories on his system 
have been set up in Germany, France, and elsewhere. 
Mr. Koether seems to work upon Volter's system. He exhibits sam- 
ples of different qualities of " stuff " made from four woods, the linden, 
the aspen, the pine, and the Scotch fir. These samples, which are of ex- 
cellent quality, are of very moderate price. He charges for fifty kilo- 
grammes or 110 lbs. the following prices : — 
