192 PROPAGATION OF TROUT IN AMERICA. 
immature, the fish was immediately returned to the river, and others 
in a more advanced stage taken. When a sufficient quantity of spawn 
was collected, it was at once removed to the hatching ground. An 
amount proportioned to the size of the boxes was carefully poured in at 
the head of each, the action of the water scattering it pretty equally 
among the crevices of the stones. A temporary increased (low of the stream 
easily distributed it wherever it might happen to be too closely crowded 
together. Out of 24,000 roe deposited in the spawning boxes, 20,000 
were successfully hatched. 
Mr. John Gillane's Process of Propagating Trout and Salmon. — As 
owner of the " Longland Fishery," the opinion of Mr. Gillone is received 
with much confidence and respect throughout England. " In the first 
place," he states, " we have one mill-dam hecked at top and bottom." 
(As the word heck means " an engine or instrument for catching fish," 
we suppose that he means a peculiar net or singularly constructed weir, 
for preventing trout or salmon from passing it, and rendering them 
liable to capture in the attempt. — Ed.) The upper part of the dam was 
laid with gravel suitable for salmon or trout to spawn in naturally. 
There is also a very suitable stream for trout or salmon to deposit their 
spawn, and so soon as our fishing season is about to close we take the 
number of fish required to fill our breeding boxes with fecundated ova, 
and put them into the dam and keep them there until we see them 
beginning to spawn. (Spawning is continued for several days, and 
sometimes weeks, by a single pair of fish. The male trout or male 
salmon sometimes forces the female to the spawning bed before all the 
ova is sufficiently matured for deposition. — Ed.) We then shut down 
our upper sluice, catch and examine all the fish, and keep in a large 
wooden box all the fish ready for manipulation, returning the rest to the 
dam till we see them beginning to spawn a second time, and so on till 
we get them all spawned. 
We spawn them in a box three feet six inches long, seven inches 
wide, and nine inches deep, with as much water as will cover the fish. 
We first take the female fish from a large box filled with water close at 
hand, lay her in the little box as she swims (that is, her back up), taking 
her by the tail with the right hand, and with the left gently press from 
the neck to the vent until you get all the roe excluded. We then pour 
off about half the water and use the male fish the same way, mixing the 
milt with the water by the hand. After mixing the ova, we have a large 
filter that fits the neck of a bottle, water-tight, with a rim of wire gauze 
two inches deep. We then fill the bottle and filter with water ; then, 
pouring off the greater part of the water in the spawn- box, we empty 
the roe and water into the filter. The roe, of course, sinks into the 
bottle, the water runs off through the wire gauze, and prevents any of 
the ova from being spilled. The bottle is marked off into divisions, 
each division holding 800 eggs of an average size. By this way we count 
our roe with little trouble that we deposit in our breeding-boxes. In 
