226 FQOD PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS AT 
the foreign soaps presenting an amount of causticity very undesirable. 
There are certain names which have become household words, and 
although so intimately connected with these branches of industry, they 
seem to the reporter's mind to embody much more than the name of a 
successful traderr If such names were merely printed and placed in 
an industrial exhibition, they would be entitled to the highest honours a 
jury could give. The reporter refers to firms that have opened up dis- 
coveries and branches of industry entirely new, and after innumerable 
difficulties have brought the art of their discoveries to the highest state 
of perfection. We have not a few such exhibitors in this section. First, 
the firm that trades under the name of " Price's Patent Candle Co." 
(United Kingdom, 31). To this firm we owe the great perfection to 
which the distillation of glycerides or saponifiable fats is carried, i.e., 
so as to procure intact the glycerine. Indeed with them, we may say, 
arose the birth of chemically pure glycerine. 
To Mr. Young (United Kingdom, 41) we owe the greater part of the 
suppjly of the paraffine used in this country, procured by the patentee 
from the Bog Head Coal. 
The next important exhibitor amongst this class is Mr. Gossage 
United Kingdom, 830), to whom, independently of the articles he 
exhibits, .we owe many improvements in technical chemistry. His soaps 
are silicated soaps, namely, soaps containing a certain amount of soluble 
glass. They are coloured with the aniline dyes. Most of the soaps, 
British and foreign, were examined in Dr. Apjohn's laboratory. 
The following names may be especially mentioned as affording fine 
speciments of candle manufacturing : — Messrs. J. C. and J. Field, London 
United Kingdom, 17), J.;G. a Rathborne, Dublin (United Kingdom, 831) ; 
and Messrs. Taylor and Co., Leith (United Kingdom. 34). Also good 
specimens of naturally bleached wax, and candles made therefrom, are 
shown by Petricioli, of Dalmatia. 
In perfumery, very good articles will be found in the stands of 
Lewis, Dublin, (United Kingdom, 24) ; Piesse and Lubin, London 
(United Kingdom, 29) ; and Rimmel, London (United Kingdom, 38). 
Perhaps there is no section that embraces such a mixture of different 
classes of exhibitors as Section II. One of them is a photographic firm, 
and as there is a special section for photography, it at first sight might 
appear strange that they compete in Section II., but they appear as 
manufacturers of photographic collodions and other chemicals, also as 
the inventors of a new photographic chemical process. It is with much 
pleasure that the reporter is enabled to treat in a few words of the in- 
ventions of such importance as are here exhibited by Messrs. Mawson 
and Swan (United Kingdom, 27). There have been two desiderata in con- 
nection with photography, each of which has been from time to time, the 
summum bonum of photographic ambition. One was the printing in carbon 
so that the picture might be permanent, and the other the fixing of the 
natural tints in the picture. The first we may consider as accomplished by 
