248 THE METALS IN CANADA. 
' which, though just now abandoned, are not supposed to be exhausted, 
and two of which are known at one period to have yielded a great 
quantity of ore. 
"The rock cut by the lodes at Rossie is of the Laurentian series ; but 
a line between Rossie and Lansdowne would intersect the outcrop of the 
Potsdam sandstone, which lies between Rossie and the St. Lawrence. It 
has been ascertained that a vein of lead ore cuts through this sandstone 
at Redwood, which would not be far from the position of the line to 
Lansdowne. It is thus not improbable that there is a group of lead ores 
running from Rossie to Bedford, and this metalliferous line appears 
well worthy the attention of explorers in search of lead ores. The dis- 
locations in which the lodes exist are of course thus proved to be of 
more recent age than the Potsdam sandstoue, but this by no means 
establishes that the older rock may not be the source of the metal." 
Ramsay Lead Mine. — In 1853, Mr. Richardson ascertained the 
existence of a vein of galena on the third lot of the sixth range of 
Ramsay, in the county of Lanark. The rock which the vein inter- 
sects is an arenaceous limestone, the fossils of which prove it to 
belong to that division of the Lower Silurian series known as the 
calciferous sand-rock. Mining operations have been prosecuted with 
some success, and have -established beyond a doubt the important facts 
that the galena occurs in true veins which may be depended on for 
persistence in depth, and that its quality is most excellent, producing 
eighty per cent, of metallic lead. " There appear," says Sir William 
Logan, "to be indications of other lodes with nearly the same bearing 
as the one opened at Ramsay, not far removed from it, and it may belong 
to a group which, running parallel with the Bedford and Rossie group, 
would be about forty miles from it to the north-east." 
Sir William in 1848 discovered traces of galena at Bay St. Paul, on 
the north bank of the St. Lawrence, about ninety miles below Quebec. 
Although in unworkable quantity, the mode of occurrence of the ore 
gave unmistakeable evidence of its being in a true vein ; and, from the 
well known valuable characteristics of such deposits, this circumstance 
invests the discovery with some importance. 
Galena of an excellent quality is known to exist at several points in 
the Quebec group of rocks, stretching from Lake Champlain to Gaspe 
but the facts have not yet been accurately ascertained by the compilers. 
Gold. — Discoveries of gold have been made at several localities, and 
in fair quantity in Eastern Canad i, chiefly in the valleys of the rivers 
Chaudiere and Du Loup, and their tributaries, and on the St. Francis, 
all in the Eastern townships. In all cases it has been obtained by a 
laborious process of washing or stream-work, the material subjected to 
this process consisting of drift clay and gravel, the debris of the rocks, 
on which they repose. These rocks consist of clay-slates, and interstra- 
tified grey sandstones associated with conglomerates, talcose slate and 
serpentine, and with various ores of iron ; and it seems probable from 
