286 ON THE MANUFACTURE OF GOBELINS TAPESTRY 
cused of want of patriotism, arrested, and sentenced to six months' im- 
prisonment at Sainte-Pelagie. A painter, Augustin Belle, son of the 
superintendent of Gobelins, replaced him. 
A warm republican, the new director, caused to be burned in the 
court of the manufactory, at the foot of the tree of Liberty, all the pre- 
cious hangings decorated with the insignia of royalty. This act of Van- 
dalism, authorised by the Minister of the ■ Interior, was accomplished on 
the 30th November, 1793, " in honour of the martyrs of Liberty, Marat, 
Lepelletier, Beauvais, Prean, Pierre Bayle, and Chalier." But very soon 
the fall of Kobespierre permitted the return of the Director Audran 
(14th April, 1796). He, however, died at the end of three months (26th 
June). These disturbances and perpetual changes paralysed work and 
stopped all progress. In vain was a commission of painters, sculptors, 
and men of letters instituted under the name of " Jury des Arts " (17th 
July, 1794) by the Committee of Public Welfare. After having re- 
formed almost all the patterns employed at Gobelins and at Savonnerie, 
they determined the conditions for a meeting for the creation of pat- 
terns fit to regenerate the art in these establishments. 
No one replied to this appeal ; the moment was not favourable for 
these pacific modes of arriving at perfection. A tapestry-maker in haute 
lice of Gobelins, named Mangelschott, officer of the National Guard, and 
a zealous patriot, tried for himself the sad experiment ; he was decapi- 
tated (the 14th July, 1794), merely for having at a club interrupted by a 
simple observation the discourse of a member of the Convention. Two 
years before the manufacture had paid for the first time its tribute of 
blood to the Kevolution, in the person of its chaplain, M. de la Frenee, 
imprisoned and massacred with a great number of priests. It was now 
no longer a question of perfection, but of existence. The Republic be- 
sides did not want tapestry ; it sold them for next to nothing, gave 
them in payment to army contractors, burnt the hangings raised in gold 
of the royal wardrobe, to get from them those portions of the precious 
metal which obstinately remained in the fabric. The workmen only 
existed by taking oaths, and by exercising different professions strangers 
to their art. Some became soldiers. From the commencement of the 
war more than twenty Gobelins tapestry -makers and of Savonnerie thus 
furnished a respectable contingent for the defence of the territory. 
The 18th August, 1794, the Committee of Public Welfare re-estab- 
lished a workshop for dyeing; the Master Galley, a skilful workman 
and patriot, was named chief dyer (8th November). The 25th Septem- 
ber the Master Duvivier, manufacturer of Savonnerie, was named as 
director. 
The 3rd December, 1800, the pupils and apprentices, suppressed in 
1792, were again set to work. Eight sons of .master tapestry-makers, 
six in haute lice, and two in basse lice, took their place in the workshops. 
The 6th May, 1803, at the proposition of the Cardinal Archbishop of 
"Paris, the First Consul established worship in the chapel of the Gobe- 
