AND SAVONNERIE CARPETS. 
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of warp in a passage or row ; in a horizontal or even part, the passage 
is stretched as much as possible to accelerate the work ; it often happens 
that one passage contains only two or three threads of warp : the outlines 
of the design to be produced, the divers accidents of colouring, the 
greater or less extent of light, of mezzotint, &c, indicate the space to 
be given to the rows, as well as their number one above the other. 
They pass from light to brown, and from one tone to another, by colours 
softening gradually the one into the other, and disposed in hachures. 
The outlines obliquely inclined in the construction of the threads 
of the warp, by the different lengths of the rows, are not in the greater 
number of cases, and if considered in a small part of their development, 
either right lines or curved, but always indented. This disposition, 
considering the fineness of the threads of the woof, does not in any way 
injure the general effect of the objects represented ; it disappears in 
the details of shadow and light of the extreme outlines, and by the 
work of the hachure. The hachures are employed to graduate the 
shades and to prevent the mosaic effect that would result from a simple 
juxtaposition of colours. 
If we suppose that, in a given space, of fifteen threads, for example, 
a colour A forms a row from one end to the other, then, on ten threads, 
a second row, and lastly, on five threads, a third row, there will be a 
gradation in the colour employed, and the greater the number of rows 
the more intense the colour will be. If, now, we imagine a second 
colour coming from the point B traversing equally the fine threads and 
filling the spaces, that is to say, making three rows, where the first colour 
made one ; two, where the other made two rows, and one where it made 
three, there will be the same number of rows, four on fifteen threads, 
and these two colours thus employed will produce intermediate tints, 
so much the more resembling either of the two, as it has more rows in 
the composition of the hachure. 
The accompanying figure represents the effect of the superposition 
of the hachures, and how it is possible with two colours to produce two 
and three intermediate tones. This disposition constitutes in its sim- 
plicity the ancient system of hachures called " of one tone," or of one 
shade, a system very little used in the present day, and which is re- 
