3 1 2 IRISH MANUFACTURES. 
success than papermaking in this country, seeing that the raw materials 
are to be obtained in such great abundance. 
Other suitable materials could be furnished by Odessa in larger 
quantities, than other towns of similar population from the number of 
sacks used for grain annually. The stalk and leaves ol the maize plant 
could furnish here as in Austria, most useful paper stuff. The reeds of 
the rivers Dnieper and Dniester would serve admirably for manu- 
facturing paper. We have seen white writing paper of an excellent 
quality made of this substance by Mr. G. Pitancier, chemist of this 
town, in his laboratory. The Customs tariff accord to papermakers here 
considerable protection over foreign makers. The duty on foreign 
made paper being from b\ to 10 roubles the poud. Notwithstanding 
this heavy duty, Odessa receives annually 3,300 pouds of foreign made 
paper, hence it may easily be calculated what profit a local paper* mill 
would deserve. 
The town of Odessa, which at present receives its supplies fromjMos- 
cow and foreign ports, would take a large part of the quantity made. 
All the other towns on the coast of the Black Sea are in the same posi- 
tion as this seaport. It might also be possible to supply some foreign 
wants, especially Constantinople. Why has no person yet entered on 
this profitable field of enterprise. ? 
IRISH MANUFACTURES. 
The linen manufacture of Ireland which was substituted for the, 
woollen, after flourishing for many years, chiefly in Ulster, has greatly 
revived in consequence of the application of machinery to the spinning 
of yarn, and of the introduction of the power-loom in weaving. 
The exports of linen yarns and linen manufactures from Ireland to 
Great Britain and foreign countries, was, in 1862, 6,292,000?. ; in 1863,v 
8,084,000?. ; and, in 1864, 10,327,000/. The number of spindles in 
operation for spinning flax, in Ireland, in 1864, was 761,060 ; 200,000 
persons are altogether employed in connection with the trade, and the 
amount invested in buildings, machinery, and the requisite floating 
capital, is estimated at 3,000,000?. In 1864, there were 42 factories, with 
8,187 power-looms, nearly the whole of which were employed. 
The estimated quantity of flax grown in Ireland in the seven years' 
ending 1864 was 216,897 tons, or on an average 30,985 tons per annum. 
The number of acres sown in 1863 was 214,099, and in 1864, 301,693 
acres, an increase of 87,594 acres, chiefly in Ulster. The produce of the 
two years in dressed material ready for spinning was 139,712 tons. The 
import of foreign flax into the United Kingdom in those years was 
164,416 tons, so that the quantity consumed in the manufacture of linen 
cloth exceeded the entire produce of the whole of Ireland. There will, 
