350 THE PROrAOATICxN OF TROUT. 
stream, and trout for 8,500 clols. I visited the ponds three in number 
by invitation, last summer, with rod and fly, and took trout from one 
to two pounds in weight, almost every cast, in certain parts of the ponds. 
They were beautiful, fat and healthy. In other parts of the ponds I 
found one, two, and three-year olds in vast numbers. The creek was 
alive with little ones. The stream did not afford more than 30 square 
inches of water at the time I was there. This shows to what extent 
trout may be increased and grown by properly damming, screening, and 
gravelling small spring brooks. 
The most prolific streams for trout that I have ever seen, or of which 
I have ever heard or read, are the Caledonia springs, and brook from 
them. This celebrated trout brook rises from the rocks in the village of 
Caledonia, Livingston County, New York. Its whole length is but one 
mile, when it unites with Allen's Creek, one of the tributaries of the 
Genesee, in the village of Mumford. The stream falls about 50 feet 
from the springs to its junction with Allen's Creek. The country is all 
thickly settled, and one of the richest and best farming towns in the 
State. The surface of the land is quite level, with banks but little above 
the surface of the water. 
The stream in places is very rapid, and in others has quite a gentle 
current, of a mile or more per hour. The springs as now situated, cover 
about six acres, being dammed slightly for milling purposes. They 
afford about 80 barrels of water per second, and make a creek from three 
to four rods wide, and from 18 inches to 6 feet deep, according to the 
current. The bottom is covered with small white shells and gravel. 
The water is clear, pure, and perfectly transparent, so that any object can 
be seen for three or four rods very distinctly. It is tinctured with 
lime and sulphur. Its temperature at the springs is 48° the whole year 
round, but down the creek, three-quarters of a mile it rises in the hot- 
test days in the summer to 58° by night, but it is down in the morning 
to 52°. In winter it settles at times to 43° but generally keeps up to 
45° or 46°. The temperature of the water to Allen's Creek is very even 
the year round, but very cold in summer, and quite warm in the winter, 
never freezing the very coldest weather. The water through the whole 
length of the creek, as well as every stone, stick, weed and blade of grass, 
is alive, and literally covered with numerous insects and larvae of flies, 
summer and winter, so that the trout, however numerous they are, easily 
obtain all the food they want at all times of the year. 
There is but very little surface water that makes into the creek, hence 
the volume of the water is very even, and seldom disturbed. The first set- 
tlers of the country found the creek literally filled with trout of great 
size and beauty, and it has remained so to this day, notwithstanding it 
has been almost constantly fished, night as well as day, from that time 
to this. The largest and finest trout are taken in the evening with a 
large artificial w T hite or gray miller. Dark nights, the banks of the creek 
in spring and summer are often lined with fishermen, when they reel in 
