OP THE BIJNOUR FOREST. 375 
when that differs much from the former. Native names derived from 
sources other than personal investigation, and in one or two cases native 
names in common use in neighbouring districts, are given in brackets. 
To prevent possible confusion the botanical name which has been com- 
monly used for particular trees is always given, the more correct name 
where it has on authority been recently altered being inserted in paren- 
thesis. 
I have taken considerable pains to attain correctness in regard to the 
rates of price ; the first price given is that usually charged on the article 
ere removal from the forest, while the second is the ordinary price at 
Nujeebabad, the nearest mart. 
1. Acacia A rabica, Wil Id : babdl kikkar. This well-known and use- 
ful tree is common, planted in the open plain, but 1 am very doubtful 
if it grows anywhere in those forests truly wild. The timber is never of 
a large size in these provinces, but being fine grained and tough, it is in 
most parts of India much used for building, axles and wheels, and for 
making charcoal. At "Bombay, kneed timbers for ship building are 
made from it. A gum {babdl ka gond) identical with gum Arabic, issues 
from its trunk, and its bark is used in tanning and medicine. 
2. A. Catechu, Willd : Khair. This tree is or has been abundant 
along all the minor portion of the forest-belt. It yields a hard, close- 
grained, heavy wood, which is very durable and is said to turn well. It 
is valued for plough- shares, axles, pestles, pins, &c, but its special use 
is for making the crusher (churan) of sugar and oil-mills, for which pur- 
pose it is said to yield to tamarind only. 3 yds. x £ yd. 1/ to 3 rupees. 
The fact of all the larger trees having been used up, is assigned 
as the reason why little or no manufacture of catechu {kaihd) from its 
wood, is carried on, though a great deal for use in dyeing and medicine 
is made, east of the Ramgunga. 1^ seer 1/. 
3. Acacia elata, Grah : kareo, baron. I doubt if this tree, the timber 
of which is like that of the siris (N o. 5), and is used for wheels, furni- 
ture, &c, comes outside the Siwaliks. It is common in the Doons, and 
is a tall, very handsome tree, with smooth, light coloured, greenish grey 
bark. 
4. A. 1 siron. This tree I only found on the skirts of the outer 
hills, though it is common in the Doons. It has a lightish grey bark, 
curiously wrinkled, and its timber is hard, light, and strong, and much 
valued in some parts of India. 
5. A. species : siris. Although this tree grows well when planted in 
the plains, it does not seem to be truly wild anywhere in the forest. It 
is rapid grown, dark-barked, smooth-trunked, and wide-spreading, and 
its heart-wood yields a dark-coloured, hard, and very heavy timber, 
which is used for building, &c, and being durable and not liable to be 
attacked by insects, it has been recommended for railway sleepers. 
4| yds. -f \ yd. 3/. In this district it is frequently used for oil-mills 
