OF THE BIJNOUR FOREST. 389 
rope is made from the bruised leaves. Koyle was, I venture to think, 
mistaken in considering this to be merely a variety of the next species. 
100. P. humilis, Royle, chhota kkajtir, khajuri. This, whose stem 
grows to five or six feet, is common in the Siwaliks. The ripe fruit and 
the flower, neither of which have I ever got, would go some way to 
settle if it is the same as the P. farinifera of the Peninsula, or merely, 
as I suppose, the wild form of the following : — 
101. P. sylvestris, Rox : khajiir. This tree, though common about 
some villages and in certain soils in the open plain, appears to be no- 
where truly wild near this district, and it hardly, if at all, enters the 
forest. 
The trunk decays rapidly when exposed, but is used for indoor 
beams and supports, and in many parts of India for water channels. A 
beam — 12. 
The leaves are made into mats (chatai). The juice (tari) is in spring 
tapped by means of an incision below the tuft of leaves, and is used as 
a beverage, but no sugar is here, as in Bengal, made from it. The fruit 
is edible though it cannot be compared with the dates brought from 
Afghanistan. 
102. Pinus longifolia, Rox : chir, cheer. Does not descend below 
the upper part of the Siwaliks, so its qualities need not be entered upon 
here. 
103. Potamogeton crispus, L., Tcarell senval, and P. c/ramineus, L. ? 
baliya senval, are both collected largely in canals, &c, in the open plain, 
and in the Tarai, to be used in the clarification of sugar. 
104. Premna mucronata, Rox : bakr } bakar, malha. This tree is 
occasionally seen at villages in the open plain (and there sometimes 
called basota from its strong smell), and is not uncommon all over the 
forest. It never grows to a large size, but its timber appears to be hard 
and strong, and is sometimes used for making cart wheels. The milk of 
the bark is applied to boils, in domestic medicine, and its juice is given 
to cattle for colic (makra). 
105. Pueraria tuberosa, D.C., sarar, sarwala. A climber which is 
not uncommon beyond the skirts of the Siwaliks. I cannot find that 
its immense tubers are collected here, but from various parts of the 
hills they are said to be exported as bilal kand to be used in cata- 
plasms, &c. 
106. Putranjiva Roxburghii, Wall : {jlyapota,putra viaj.) This, which 
in other more southern parts of India, grows to be a large timber-tree, the 
close-grained wood of which is employed by turners, is found wild in 
one or two places in the forest, and I have seen it, planted, in the open 
plain. The Fakir's beads made of its hard seeds, however, appear all 
to be imported from below. 
Randia. The native names of the species of this genus are very 
much confused, consequently the uses of their fruits are noted doubt- 
fully :~ 
