390 THE TIMBER TREES AND USEFUL PLANTS 
107. Randia dumetoriim, Lam : mendphal. Common all over the 
inner part of the belt. It never grows large, and its wood is only used 
for fuel. The fruit when young and fresh, is employed for poisoning 
fish, and when ripe is collected for export. 1 maund 1/4. It is used in 
veterinary medicine, and given as an emetic to men, and applied to 
boils. 
108. R. longispina. D.C. pindalu (thanella). This appears to be less 
common than the last. It grows to a larger size, and its wood is made 
into yokes, &c. The fruit appears to be collected as an edible, and to 
be applied to boils. 2 maunds 1/ — ? 
109. R. ulignosa. D.C. thanella (mendphal.) Common throughout 
the forest. The wood is close-grained and hard, but has no special use. 
The fruit is employed to kill fish, and in medicine, and is also eaten. 
110. Rhus acuminata D.C. (Pistacia integerrima, H.f. and T.) 
kalckar. Young specimens of this tree, which produces u zebra-wood," 
the handsomest of the furniture-woods of the N. W. Himalaya, occa- 
sionally extend just to the skirts of the Siwaliks. Nowhere within my 
knowledge is it an abundant tree, and the demand for its timber has 
rendered it exceedingly scarce over this part of the outer Himalaya. 
Large horn-like excrescences (kdkrasingM) which are found on its 
leaves, are used in medicine. 
111. Robinia macrophylla. Rox : gaujd. A fine luxuriant climber, 
which is abundant along the innermost part of the forest, and which 1 
have occasionally found in jungles in the open plain. 
112. Rottlera tinctoria. Rox : ruinya Tcamela. This large shrub is 
abundant throughout the inner half of the belt. Its wood is said 
to be obnoxious to the attacks of worms, but is always small and is not 
valued. 
The bark is employed by tanners. 3 maunds 1/ — . The red powder 
found on the capsules, is collected in large quantities, to be used as a 
vermifuge, and as a valuable dye for silk. 1 maund 1/ — ; 2|-5 seers 
1/ — . The ripe capsules are gathered off the bushes about March, and 
after being allowed to lie in heaps for a few hours, are rubbed and 
kneaded with the feet on the ground, to remove the powder, — the 
broken capsules being then separated by winnowing, sifting, and 
picking. One man will collect about a seer of the powder a day, which 
is bought by the dealers at 1/ — for 5 seers. The above process would 
quite account for the commercial Jcamela not being very clean, but 
besides this, although the Boksas who gather it, deny any adulteration 
whatever on their part, it is said never to reach even the Nujeebadad 
market in its comparatively pure state. The substances added are 
stated to be the powdered bark of Casearia (No. 30) and the powder of 
Ficus Jndica (No. 62.) On the other hand, kamela itself is said to be 
used to sophisticate arnotto. 
113. Saccharum. Among the gigantic grasses of the forest and 
arai, there are many species of Saccharum known under the somewhat 
