OF THE BIJNOUR FOREST. 409 
dealers buying from him at the rate of four and five kacha maunds for a 
rupee. 1. 1\ maunds, 1/ — . 
129. Tetranthera apetala, Rox : meda lakri. A small tree common 
all over the forest, timber of no value. 12 maunds 1/ — . The astrin- 
gent fresh bark is applied to bruises, and it is exported largely for use in 
medicine. 1 maund — /I ; 1 to 1| maunds, 1 — . 
130. T. Roxburgliii, Nees. masur (meda lakri). Occasional throughout 
the forest. There is some confusion about these two species, but I think 
the medicinal bark has been assigned to its proper source. 
131. Trophis aspera, Willd : sionra, kdr, chamra. A small, scraggy 
looking tree, common wild in the open plain and occasional in the 
forest. Its timber is worthless and here no part of the tree appears to 
be utilized, but in Southern India its juice is applied medicinally and 
the rough leaves are used to polish ivory. 
132. Typha latifolia, L. : patera. A tall bulrush, abundant in marshy 
places. Its leaves are collected for the manufacture of coarse mats 
(boirya.) Cart-load — 8. 
133. Ulmus integrifolia, Rox : papri (kunju). A fine tall, and hand- 
some smooth barked tree, with dark foliage ; sometimes planted in the 
open plain, and common in the inner part of the forest. Its timber is 
light, white, and liable to split, and its chief special use here is for 
making spoons. 4^ x 1 J yds. 1/2. In Southern India it is employed for 
making carts, door-frames, &c. 
134. Vitex negundo, L. shamalu (mewrce). A tall shrub common in 
the forest as in the open plain. Its wood is too small to be of use, but 
its twigs are employed for wattling, &c. The fruit is said to constitute 
the medicinal filjil bari of the bazaars, and in Southern India various parts 
of the plant are employed in medicine. 
135. Wendlandia cinerea, Dec : pudhdrd (chilkiyid). A large shrub 
hardly extending outside the skirts of the Siwaliks. its timber is said 
to be useful in carpentry. 
136. Wrightia molissima, Wall : duddhi. A large shrub not uncom- 
mon (but much of it cut), in the inner part of the forest. Its wood is 
white, fine grained, free from knots and easily worked, and is much used 
by carvers for making bowls, plates, &c. Cart load — /6 ; iO maundsl/ — 
The following belong to a genus of which the Indian species are as 
yet somewhat undecided, but I think I have not gone far astray in ar- 
ranging them provisionally as follows : — 
137. Zyziphus Jujuba, Lam : three varieties. 
A.jhaberi. Small and bushy, one of the most abundant wild shrubs 
of the open plain and common also in the clearer parts of the forest. Its 
wood is never large enough for aught but fuel, and its small red fruit is 
not edible. 
B. Jchalis,ghuter, Sen and C. hatber (ghuter), both, attain a considerable 
size and are not easily distinguished. They approximate the cultivated 
k x 2 
