410 THE TIMBER TREES AND USEFUL PLANTS 
variety of the plant, the fruit of which is much relished by natives. These 
are common throughout the forest. The timber is tolerably hard and 
strong, and is made into churn-sticks (ret), feet of cots, crushers, wooden 
shoes for bathing, &c, 10 maunds 1/ — . In Southern India it is used 
for saddle-trees, and has been recommended for sleepers, but if correctly it 
must attain a much larger size than it does here. Cart load — /10 ; 3 
maunds 1/ — . The bark is much used by tanners and lac (lakh) is collected 
from the tree, to be employed in dyeing. 1 maund 1/ 4. 
138 .Z. nummularia, Gmel : jhar bari. Very similar to variety a. of 
No. 137, and found along with it. 
139. Z. Oenoplia, Mill, mako, bamolan. Abundant in the open plain, 
very rare in the forest. Its wood is small and only fit for fuel ; the 
fruit is eaten, and its juice used in medicine. 
140. Z. vulgaris, Lam : ? A large shrub, occasional in the 
forest. 
Besides the forest rates payable to contractors on timber, &c, the 
produce of certain trees, there are some general rates, such as on each 
cart load of firewood /4, of charcoal /10, on each rice-pestle (miisal) a half 
anna, and on each oar three pice. Though these are apparently of minor 
importance, the first two probably contribute a considerable part of the 
revenue derived from the forest. 
There are only I think two forest exports of commercial value to be 
mentioned here on which rates are levied, but which not being the pro- 
duce of any or of special plants, are not included in the above list. 
These are lime, and wax (with honey). The khera earth from which 
lime is manufactured pays /3, the lime itself /6, and the limestone peb- 
bles from which lime is burnt, /4 a load, but there is no reason to sup- 
pose that any very extensive manufacture of lime is carried on in, or 
with, materials drawn from, the forest. A good deal of wax and honey 
is collected, the forest rate paid on the latter being 1/4 and on the for- 
mer 4/ a man. 
Gold washing was I believe at one time a source of revenue to the dis- 
trict, as it was regularly carried on both in the Ramguuga and in the 
Ganges, the right to wash gold in each being leased. But it was never 
very remunerative to the washers, and if any gold is got now from the 
sand of the rivers within the bounds of this district, it must be of veiy 
limited amount. 
In touching more particularly on some of the members of the pre- 
ceding list, I may pass over without further remark all the fruits, drugs, 
dyes, tans and gums, which are yielded by trees and other plants grow- 
ing here. Nor need I do more than give collectively the names of plai t\ 
yielding fibre — : bahar (Nos. 8 and 54), muld (15), bhenwal (72), tfodrd 
(93), mimj (113), uddla, (124), and budula (125), as none of them except 
the munj, grows or is collected in very large quantity within our limits. 
Bamboo has an intermediate place, as it can hardly be reckoned a 
