174 Socal Science Congress. 
stones, after which they were made up by hand into cakes, 
The difference in the flavour of the chocolate we get on 
the continent to that produced at home is.due, of course, 
to the great variety of the flavouring ingredients that are 
added ; cloves, cinnamon, and all manner of spices are 
used, and it is even said that musk and ambergris have 
been added. 
The value of cocoa as an article of food is very great, 
being very rich in nutritive matter. It contains in 100 
parts 51 of butter, 22 of starch and gum, 20 of gluten, and 
two parts of Theobromine, which is the peculiar principle of 
cocoa, and which contains more nitrogen than does the 
active principle of tea and coffee. As a refreshing beve- 
rage, however, cocoa is much inferior to either of these two 
well-known drinks, which are taken in infusion only, while 
cocoa is taken more as a substance. Amongst the poorer 
classes cocoa is decidedly the most important as a nutri- 
tive article. It recommends itself not alone on this score, 
but on the score of cheapness, for while cocoa may be ob- 
tained from 8d. to Is. 4d. per lb. tea costs 3s. or 4s. 
Where the use of cocoa has been adopted in public insti- 
tutions, it has been found far superior to either tea or 
coffee as a wholesome and nutritious beverage. The duty 
levied upon cocoa is a penny per lb. The home con- 
sumption of the article being about four millions of pounds 
annually. 
SOCIAL: SCIENCE CONGRESS] 
HE tenth annual meeting of the National Association 
for the Promotion of Social Science was celebrated 
during the month of October. The Inaugural Address was 
delivered at the Free Trade Hall by Lord Shaftesbury. 
Among the papers read may be mentioned one by Mr. 
Anthony Trollope, on “ International Law of Copyright,” 
which created great interest, in Section A of the Juris- 
prudence Department. In Section C of the same depart- 
ment, an interesting paper was read by Mr. D. Hill, O.C,, 
on the question, “Is it desirable to carry out life sentences 
to the utmost, and, if so, in what cases, and under what 
form of discipline?” The proceedings, in these sections, 
