196 Krupp’s Steel Works at Essen. 
their grounds for breeding lobsters and other molluscs, but 
it is with their endeavours to introduce successfully, oyster 
culture on the Continental plan into this country that this 
notice more particularly deals. As Mr. Frank Buckland 
says in Land and Water, “ All must be rejoiced to hear the 
good news ; the success of this experiment in oyster breed- 
ing does the highest credit to the ingenuity of the gentle- 
man who had the planning and superintendence of the 
works.” 
The gentleman referred to by Mr. Buckland is Mr. 
George W. Hart, the manager of the company, and we 
can bear witness to his courtesy, and also to the great 
interest which attends a visit at the present time to the 
oyster-farm of the South of England Oyster Company at 
Hayling.—‘ The Times,’ 
KRUPP’S STEEL WORKS AT ESSEN. 
N 1849, Herr Krupp offered to the principal German 
powers some fine steel guns, of his manufacture. They 
were, however, not purchased. The Viceroy of Egypt 
bought some, and afterwards, many other governments 
either ordered them from Krupp’s factory, or commenced 
manufacturing for themselves. At the great Essen factory, 
some 2,500 rifled breech-loaders have been turned out. Of 
these, about 400 are of 8-inch calibre, or more. The others 
vary from 3-inch to 44-inch. With works covering some 
400 acres of land, and employing 8,000 men and _ boys, at 
a cost of some £400,000 a year in men’s wages, it is sur- 
prising that up to the present time very little has been 
known about this manufactory in England. Not that there 
has been any concealment in the case, since full permission 
to publish in England a description of the whole, has re- 
cently been given to a visitor, from whose able account we 
take the following interesting passages -— 
The ore employed is obtained partly from Krupp’s own 
mines at Nassau and near Coblentz, and partly bought. 
The former is spathic, furnishing the well-known spiege- 
leisen; the latter is red oxide. Coke is employed for 
smelting, being considered as good a fuel as can be used if 
